UNIT-1_ITA.pptx for architecture students

Introduction to
ARCHITECTURE
UNIT-1

• Origin and definitions of architecture as need based, cultural,
environmental, social, psychological response of human society.
• Architecture as phenomenological mediation of nature.
• Components of architecture: use, means, site, shelter, relation to nature,
structure, skin, materials, services, circulation, typology, aesthetics, expression,
character, symbolism, experience, etc.,
• History and types of design in architecture- unself-conscious/ self-
conscious design, design through craft/design through drawing,
pragmatic/ iconic/ canonic/ analogic design.

2. DEFINITION-
The art and science of designing and building structures, or large groups of structures,
with ‘aesthetic and functional criteria’ and structures built in accordance with
such principles. — Dictionary of Architecture and Construction.
3. Architecture is both process & the product of Planning, designing,
constructing buildings or any other structures.
1. Originated from Greek work – ARKHITEKTON
Arkhi – Great & Tekton – Builder
“The Great Builder”- Architecture

BEAUTY – it should
delight
people and raise their
First book on architecture is De architectura (handbook for
roman architects), by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the
early 1st century AD
ARCHITECTURE
(building)
UTILITY – it should be
useful and function well for
the people using it
“Architecture can be defined as
DURABIL
ITY, UTI
L
ITY and BEAUTY at
the right time and at the right cost.”
DURABILITY – it should
stand up robustly and
remain in good condition
ARCHITECT

Winston Churchill once said,
“We shape our buildings; thereafter they
shape us”.

 Architecture as a need-based response refers to the design of buildings and structures to meet specific functional
requirements, such as providing shelter, storage, or protection from the elements.
 Need-based architecture refers to the design and construction of buildings to meet specific functional requirements,
such as providing shelter, accommodating activities, and optimizing use of space.
Architecture can be seen as a response to various needs, cultural, environmental, social, and psychological factors
in human society.

 Architecture as a cultural response reflects the values, beliefs, and customs of a particular society, as expressed
through the design of its buildings and structures.
 This may include elements such as symbols, motifs, and materials that are specific to a particular culture.
 Cultural architecture encompasses the expression of a society's values, beliefs, and traditions through the design
and style of buildings, such as religious structures, palaces, and public buildings.
in human society.
Saint Basil's Basilica,

in human society.
 Architecture as an environmental response refers to the
design of buildings and structures that are sustainable and
harmonious with the natural environment, taking into
account factors such as energy efficiency, resource
conservation, and the use of renewable materials.
 Environmental architecture considers the relationship
between buildings and their surroundings, with an
emphasis on sustainability, energy efficiency, and the use
of natural materials.

 Takes into account the social dynamics and
interaction of people within a space, such as the
design of public squares, community centers,
housing developments and other gathering places.
 Architecture as a social response reflects the design
of buildings and structures that support and
facilitate social interaction and community life.
in human society.
‘’Cities have the capability of providing something for
everybody, only because, and only when, they are created
by everybody.’’ Jane Jacobs.
Tainan Spring, Taiwan, MVRDV Architects

in human society.

in human society.
• Architecture as a psychological response (emotion,
memory and behaviours) refers to the design of buildings
and structures that take into account the psychological
and emotional well-being of its occupants.
• This may include the use of light, color, texture and space
to create a sense of comfort, to evoke a certain mood or
atmosphere and tranquillity.
The Sea Organ in the Croatian city of Zadar
Palm Fiber used to give Hairy texture to Unique House in Sao Paulo

Architecture as phenomenological mediation of nature.
• Architecture seeks to create spaces that allow for a direct and sensory experience of nature. This can be achieved
through the use of large windows, open-air courtyards, and rooftop gardens, which provide occupants with a
connection to the natural environment.
• In this way, architecture as a phenomenological mediation of nature provides a way for people to experience the
beauty and majesty of the natural world, even within the confines of the built environment.
• For example, the use of large
windows and open spaces can bring
in natural light and views of the
outdoors, creating a feeling of
connection with nature. On the
other hand, the use of natural
materials such as wood, stone, and
earth can help to anchor the
building in its surroundings and
create a sense of harmony with the
environment.
• Additionally, incorporating
sustainable design practices, such as
utilizing renewable energy sources
and reducing waste, can help to
mitigate the impact of the built
environment on the natural world.

Architecture as phenomenological mediation of nature.

Architecture is a complex and multifaceted field that
encompasses many different components. Some of the
key components of architecture include:
 Use: The intended use or function of a building, such
as residential, commercial, or public.
 Means: The financial and technical resources available
to the project, including budget, materials, and
construction methods.
 Site: The physical location and context of a building,
including the surrounding environment, topography,
climate, and cultural and historical context.
 Shelter: The provision of protection from the
elements, such as rain, wind, and sun.
 Relation to Nature: The relationship between a
building and the natural environment, including the
use of natural light, views, and connections to the
outdoors.
Components of architecture: use, means, site, shelter, relation to nature, structure, skin,
materials, services, circulation, typology, aesthetics, expression, character, symbolism,
experience, etc.,

 Structure: The underlying system that supports a building
and provides stability, such as the foundation, walls, and roof.
 Skin: The exterior surface of a building, including the materials
and finishes used, and the role it plays in controlling light,
heat, and sound.
 Materials: The materials used in construction, including both
natural and man-made materials, and their impact on the
environment and the building's performance.
 Services: The systems and services that support the building,
including heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, and electrical
systems.
 Circulation: The movement of people and goods within a
building, including access, egress, and the layout of internal
spaces.
 Typology: The classification of a building based on its
function, form, and structure, such as single-family homes,
apartment buildings, and office buildings.
experience, etc.,

 Aesthetics: The visual appearance of a building and the
role of design in creating a sense of beauty and harmony.
 Expression: The use of design to convey meaning, such as
cultural, historical, or symbolic references.
 Character: The unique qualities and personality of a
building, often reflecting the cultural and historical context
of the site and the architects and builders involved.
 Symbolism: The use of design to convey cultural, religious,
or political meanings, such as the use of specific shapes,
materials, or colors.
 Experience: The sensory and emotional impact of a
building on those who use it, including the use of light,
color, texture, and sound.
These components are interconnected and influence each
other in complex ways, and the design of a building must
consider the interplay of these factors in order to create a
successful and meaningful architectural solution.
experience, etc.,
The Queen City: Museums and the Arts in
Toronto

History and types of design in architecture- unself-conscious/ self-conscious design, design
through craft/design through drawing, pragmatic/ iconic/ canonic/ analogic design.

 Ancient Architecture: Examples include the pyramids of Egypt, the
Parthenon in Greece, and the Colosseum in Rome. These structures
were often built for religious, political, and functional purposes and
incorporated elements such as columns, arches, and domes.

 Gothic Architecture: Developed in Europe in the 12th century,
Gothic architecture was characterized by pointed arches, ribbed
vaults, and large stained glass windows. It was often used for
religious buildings such as cathedrals and represented a shift
towards a more elaborate and decorative style of architecture.

 Renaissance Architecture: Developed in Italy in the 15th and
16th centuries, Renaissance architecture was characterized by
a revival of classical forms and a focus on symmetry,
proportion, and harmony.

 Baroque Architecture: Developed in Europe in the 17th
century, Baroque architecture was characterized by
elaborate and ornate decoration, including curved forms,
sculptural elements, and elaborate facades.

 Modernist Architecture: Developed in the 20th century, Modernist
architecture was characterized by a rejection of traditional forms in favor
of functionalist and minimalist designs. This movement was influenced by
the rapid technological and social changes of the time and focused on
creating buildings that were functional, efficient, and visually simple.

UNIT-1_ITA.pptx for architecture students

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UNIT-1_ITA.pptx for architecture students