Unit 2 Benchmark Review
- 1. Unit 2 Review Are you ready for the CBA? I’m studying tonight Me too!!! I am after tennis I’m focusing on forces
- 2. • One of my observations which truly affected how I felt about the origins of organisms … finch birds found on the Galapagos Islands. Each island had a finch that was similar in appearance other than the beak. Who am I? Charles Darwin
- 3. Who am I? • ____________was an Austrian monk. • He lived between 1822 to 1884. • When he was a young boy, he was interested in the plants that grew on the family farm. • Was the gardener of the monastery where he lived as a monk. He did experiments on hundreds of pea plants there. • He kept careful records and used mathematics to make sense of what he observed. Gregor Mendel
- 4. DNA is the genetic material which defines who we are and is located within the nucleus of a cell. …passed to the offspring through the parent .
- 5. Levels of Organization Cells group together to form… Tissue Which groups to form… Organs Which group to form… Organ Systems Which form You!
- 6. The Cell Theory • All living things are composed of one or more cells. • The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. • New cells are produced from existing cells.
- 7. Allows movement into/out of the cell. Internal delivery system to the cell. Contains genetic material (DNA). Make protein to keep the cell alive. Modifies nutrients to perform duties needed by the cell. Power house to the cell. Burn sugar to release energy. Disposes of cell waste.
- 8. What type of cell is this? How can you tell? How are plant and animal cells alike? What structure in the cell contains all the DNA which determines the cell’s heredity? Plant cell…it has a cell wall, big vacuole, chloroplasts • Eukaryotic • Nucleus with DNA Nucleus
- 9. How is this bacteria similar to a plant and an animal cell? They all contain DNA Which one makes its one food? – Animal cell – Plant cell – Bacteria (picture above) Which structure is found in plant and animal cells, and in bacteria? Cell membrane Define Eukaryotic Define Prokaryotic Has a nucleus Has a no nucleus
- 10. You MUST know the facts!!! • Genotypes are written with the capital letter first (Bb) • Recessive are lower case (bb) • Dominant are always capitalized (BB) or (Bb) • Phenotype is what you see (brown eyes, short hair, long eyelashes) • Homozygous are the same (BB) or (bb) • Heterozygous are different (Bb) • Alleles are each individual letter (B and b of Bb) or (B and B of BB) Study often!
- 11. B b b b bbBb bbBb Alleles Genotype Heterozygous (different Bb) Homozygous (same bb) and they happen to be recessive Father’s eyes Mother’s eyes Create a graph of the punnett square
- 12. B B b b BbBb BbBb Alleles Genotype What is the probability of having black fur? What is the phenotype of the offspring? 100% Black fur 4:0 = 1
- 13. Our circulatory system (moves nutrients through the blood) must overcome _______ to function properly. gravity Plants also must overcome the force of ________ to move nutrients through the xylem and phloem. gravity cell Forces cause movement of nutrients and waste into and out of a _____.
- 14. Which organisms fit these qualities? • Produce asexually • No genetic variation; offspring are just like the parent
- 15. Plant Growth Facts Plants need sunlight to make their own food. (photosynthesis) Plants need water for the plant cells to sustain their structure and function. Plants need gravity to grow. The roots grow towards the pull of gravity. As a result of the roots, the flower grows up, away from gravity. (gravitropism)
- 16. What caused this flower to change its growth pattern? Extrapolate the growth of the roots in the picture? Gravitropism They will grow down… the direction of the pull of gravity
- 17. Responding to Internal Stimuli • Run a fever due to a virus • Vomit due to bacteria growing in your body. • Hormones being released from a command within the brain (puberty) • Sweating/glistening due to body temperature rising. • Take a drink when thirsty. • Shiver, increase metabolism, and appear “prickly” when chilly or cold.
- 18. Responding to External Stimuli • The snake rises out of the basket once it hears the musical notes. • A child pets a dog as it jumps up onto his lap. • Waves occur as the curlers are removed from Susie’s hair. • Bry’s curling iron is hot and she accidentally touches her cheek….What will be her response?
- 19. I always want to be in homeostasis. How do you stay in homeostasis? • Shiver to keep warm. • Vomit to get rid of influenza. • Sneeze due to dust in the air. • Cough due to a pathogen. • Stay at 360 Celsius. Homeostasis is the desire to be “comfy” in an environment that is always changing
- 20. • A dog will lay in the shade to stay cool. • A cat will lick its fur coat to keep clean. • A cow will flip its tail around its back to keep flies from biting. • A gecko will come out of hiding at night. • An elephant shoots water on itself to keep cool. • A snake will move to a warm location in a cool environment. How do animals stay in homeostasis?
- 21. • Perform photosynthesis during the day. • Sunflowers will move with the sun throughout a day. • Some trees will drop their leaves in the winter months to save moisture. • Take in water to keep their cells alive. • Cacti have thorns as leaves to keep from being eaten. How do various plants stay in homeostasis?
- 22. Type of Adaptation Importance Structural Behavioral Physiological External characteristics (feet, eyes, bills, skin, etc.) Mannerisms or internal characteristics (Nocturnal, arboreal, burrowing, hibernation, rumination, endothermic, etc.) A change in an organism usually based on an external stimuli (Skin tanning due to sun exposure, formation of calluses on hands due to increased pressure at that point.)
- 23. Adaptations in the Grasslands • Dense underground root system to allow re- growth after winter. • Two-thirds of prairie grass roots die off and add organic matter making rich soil. • Animals have short legs for grazing.
- 24. Adaptations in the Taiga • Leaves shaped like pine needles and waxy to hold moisture. • Trees are conical in shape to release snow. • Animals hibernate or migrate to warmer climates.
- 25. Adaptations in the Tundra Wildlife has extra layers of blubber and fur. Animals have the ability to hibernate. Birds migrate. Plants grow low to the ground to survive frigid temperatures.
- 26. Adaptations in the Desert •Animals come out at night when cooler and sleep in caves, dens, or burrows during the day •Plants open their stomates at night for less water loss •Animals may have light coats to reflect light. •Animals may have larger ears to release body heat.
- 28. Parent Signature Your child will receive (ONE) additional point on the CBA for each signature below. The signature means YOU and YOUR CHILD studied together. Thank you, Mrs. Ruder Date _______ Signature _____________ Date _______ Signature _____________ Studying together is really helping
- 29. Parent Signature Your child will receive (ONE) additional point on the CBA for each signature below. The signature means YOU and YOUR CHILD studied together. Thank you, Mrs. Ruder Date _______ Signature _____________ Date _______ Signature _____________ Studying together is really helping
- 30. Parent Signature Your child will receive (ONE) additional point on the CBA for each signature below. The signature means YOU and YOUR CHILD studied together. Thank you, Mrs. Ruder Date _______ Signature _____________ Date _______ Signature _____________ Studying together is really helping