Unit 2 module 4 task 3 yelda
- 1. UNIT 2 MODULE 4 TASK 3
- 3. A.) Introduction to intonation. Intonation and stress are closely linked. In fact ıt’s ımpossible to dissociate them. They go hand in hand. Intonation is about how we say things , rather than what say , the way the voice rises and falls when speaking , in other words the music of the language. Just as words have stressed syllaables , sentences have regular patterns of stressed word. In addition , the voice tends to rise , fall or remain flat depending on the meaning or feeling we want to convey ( surprise , anger , interest , boredom , gratitude , etc.) Intonation therefore indicates the mood of the speaker.
- 4. B.) The two main intonation patterns. There are two basic patterns of intonation in English. Falling Intonation Rising Intonation
- 5. In the following examples a downward arrow indicates a fall in intonation and an upward arrow indicates a rise in intonation .
- 6. Falling Intonation The pitch of the voice falls at the end of the sentence. Falling intonation is the most common intonation pattern in English. It is commonly found in statements , commands, wh-questions( information questions) , confirmly question tags and exclamations.
- 7. Rising Intonation The pitch of the voice rises at the end of the sentence. Rising intonation invites the speaker to continue talking . It is normally used with yes/no questions , and question tags that are real questions.
- 8. C.) The rules of both types of intonation. • Rising Voice at the End of a Question: If the question is a yes / no question , the voice rises at the end of a question. • Do you like living in Portland? • Have you lived here a long time ago? • Did you visit your friends last month?
- 9. • Falling Voice at the End of a Question: If the question is an information – in other words , if you are asking a question with “where , when , which , why , what/ what kind of ……” and questions with “how” let your voice fall at the end of a question. • Where are you going to stay on vocation? • When did you arrive last night? • How long have you lived in this country?
- 10. •Question Tags • Question Tags are used to either confirm information or to ask for clarification. The intonation is different in each case. • Question Tags to Confirm: If you think you know something , but would like to confirm it , let the voice fall in the question tag. • You live in Seattle , don’t you? • This is easy , isn’t it?
- 11. • Qustion Tags to Ask for Clarification: When using a question tag to clarify , let the voice rise to let the listener know that you expect more information. • Peter isn’t going to be at the party ,is he? • You understand your role , don’t you? • We aren’t expected to finish the report by Friday , are we?
- 12. •End of Sentences: The voice usually falls at the end of sentences. However , when making a short statement with a word that is only one syllable the voice rises to express happiness , shock , approval , etc. • That’s great ! • I’m free! • I bought a new car.
- 13. When making a short statement with a word that is more than one syllable ( multi-syllabic) the voice falls. • Mary is happy. • We’re married. • They’re exhausted.
- 14. •Commas: We also use a specific type of intonation when using commas in a list . Let’s take a look at an example: Peter enjoys playing tennis , swimming , hiking , and biking. In this example , the voice rises after each item in the list. For the final item , let the voice fall. In other words , “tennis , swimming , and hiking” all rise intonation. The final activity “ , biking ,” falls in intonation.
- 15. D.) Example Sentences. • Statements: Nice to meet you. I’ ll be back in a minute. She doesn’t live here anymore. Dad wants to change his car. Here is the weather forecast. We should work together more often. I’m going for a walk in the park.
- 16. • Commands: Write your name here. Show me what you’ve written. Leave it on the desk. Take that picture down. Throw that out. Put your books on the table. Take your hands out of your pockets.
- 17. • Wh- questions ( requesting information): Questions beginning with “who , what , why , where , when , which and how” What country do you come from? Where do you work? Which of them do you prefer? When does the shop open? How many books have you bought? Which coat is yours? Whose bag is this ?
- 18. • Question Tags that are statements requesting confirmation rather than question: Not all tag questions are really questions. Some of them merely ask for confirmation or invite agreement , in which case we use a falling tone at the end. He thinks he’s so clever , doesn’t he? She’s such a nuisance , isn’t she ? I failed the test because ı didn’t revise , did ı? It doesn’ t seem to bother him much , does it?
- 19. • Exclamations: How nice of you! That’s just what ı need! You don’t say ! What a beautiful voice ! That’ s a surprise ! • Yes / No Questions: Questions that can be answered by “yes” or “no”. Do you like your new teacher? Have you finished already? May ı borrow your dictionary?
- 20. • Questions Tags that show uncertainly and require an answer (real questions) We’ ve met already , haven’t we? You like fish , don’t you? You’ re a new student , aren’t you ? The view is beautiful , isn’t it ?
- 21. E.) An Example Dialogue to Practise the Intonation Patterns with Students. • What’ s your name? A: What’s your name ? B: John Wood. A: Where are you from? B: New Zealand. A: What do you do? B: I’m a medical student. Possible contexts: you are in a disco , one is trying to pick the other one up; you are at airport customs and have something illegal in your bag ; you are a prisoner of war.
- 22. • You’re fired A: ( knocks on the door) B: Come in. A: Hello , You wanted to see me? B: Yes. Do you know why ı’ve called you ? A: No. B: Can you explain this? (shows a piece of paper) A: But ı thought you said it wasn’t important. B: You’re fired. A: Fine , ı hated this job anyway. Possible emotions and / or contexts: you’re nervous, happy ,sad, afraid of the other ; you are a bit deaf. Further speculation could be done on what the job was, what the person had done wrong etc.
- 23. • I’m going to have a baby A: I have something ı need to tell you. B: What is it? A: I’m going to have a baby. B: No. Possible contexts: you are a couple who has been trying to have a baby for three years ; you are a 16 year old girl confessing to your mother ; you are a very old couple.
- 24. • Say something A: Well , are you going to say something? B: What do you want me to say? A: I don’t know , anything . B: I have nothing to say. A: Nothing? B: That’s right. Possible contexts / emotions: you are in love , afraid , angry ; you are two criminals trapped in prison ; you are in a courtroom ; you are talking to your boss on the phone.