Unit 3 lecture s2015

Unit 3 Ch 4Objectives:
1. Describe how ions combine to form neutral ionic compounds. 3.5 B SC
12.2.1.a
2. Write formulas for binary compounds. 3.5 B
3. Determine the type of compound: Acid, Base, Salt, or Molecule. 4.1,
4.2, PT
4. Correctly name the 4 types of compounds: acid, base, salt, or
molecule. 4.1 and 4.2, PT
5. Write formulas for compounds containing polyatomic ions, determine
the type of compound, and then correctly naming it. 4.2 SC 12.2.1.a
6. Determine the unknown charge of an ion within a balanced
compound. 4.1 A SC 12.2.1.a & SC 12.2.1.g
7. Name compounds from their formulas. 4.2 C
8. Test for chemical properties of ions to identify them in solutions. Lab
SC 12.2.1.g & SC 12.1.1.a & SC 12.1.1.b & SC 12.1.1.d

Unit 2 Test Day lecture
Online test code: 2
Read Pages: pg93-102
When done, start on
Vocabulary, we’ll lecture and
work some new stuff soon

Information given in a
formula.
MgCl2
Subscript
How many of each
atom are present?
coefficient
3
Mg +2 Cl-1
Cl-1
Mg +2 Cl-1
Cl-1
Mg +2 Cl-1
Cl-1

Information given in a
formula.
Mg(NO3)2
Subscripts
How many of each
atom are present?
Mg +2 NO3
-1
NO3
-1
coefficient
4
Mg +2 NO3
-1
NO3
-1
Mg +2 NO3
-1
NO3
-1
Mg +2 NO3
-1
NO3
-1

Can you count Atoms &
ions
Na2O
Ca3PO4
Al2(SO3)4
(NH4)2Cr2O7
You try
Al(C2H302)3
Mo(ClO )
1. how many of each atom?
2.
how many of the various
polyatomic ions groups?

Notes to help identify
substances

Notes to help identify
substances
Atom just a symbol

Diatomic element
one of the 7 that are
found in nature
combined with
themselves (see back
of PT by the paw.

Simple ion
a charged atom
Cation or Anion

Polyatomic ion
a charged molecule (two
or more symbols that carry
a charge)
See the list on the back of the
PT. If you see more that 2
symbols in the formula look at
this list. Be careful though of the
acids.

Molecule
(will be two non
metals) only see two
symbols.

Acid
start with H. Basically a
hydrogen acting as a
cation bonded to an
anion.
(a list is shown on the back
of the PT.) should be able
to name these right away.

Ionic (AKA Salts)
will be a cation with an
anion. Metal to nonmetal,
Metal to polyatomic ion, or
polyatomic ion to nonmetal, or
poly to poly
If it begins with a metal, it’s a
salt
If it begins with NH4, it’s a salt

Base
(a special salt that is
a cation bonded to
and OH- group.)

Practice identifying (like a pre-test)
What are these? (IMAB or ion)
CaCl2 NO Li+
Li SO2 HCl NH4Cl
Al2(SO4)3 Ca3N2 LiOH
NaF H2SO4 S2O5 I I -1
CH4 I2 C3H8

Try the identifying with other
students

Bonding
Why do elements bond?
Be able to do all objecives
Plan:
Binary I, II & poly
Acid & base* (*special ionic)
Molecule (binary II)
Common ions lab

THINKING
A metal bonded to a nonmetal form a
______ bond
Bonding involves only _____ electrons
All atoms want a ____ outer shell of e-s
An atom that has lost of gained e-s is
called ___
Non metal tend to ____ outer shell e-s
Metals tend to ____ outer shell e-s

DO
READ BOOK 93-102
GREEN PACKET 1-3

Teach binary I, binary II
and polyatomics
Roman numbers must be used

Polyatomic
ions
These are
charged
groups of
atoms
Key: treat like
all others, but
use parenthesis

Assignment
Nomenclature packet pages
1-9 and my “cloud” worksheet

Today in Chemistry -outline
As you come in: Read Lab, Discuss
pg 8-9 (walk by)
Charge on metal in B group salt
Lab
homework. Pg 3 & 12

Given a formula find the
roman number and name
How do we find the charge on a metal in a compound?
The simplest answer is to work backwards. We know that
Oxygen has a charge of –2, so how would a –2 and Fe,
come to become a 1 to 1 ratio?
FeO  Fe (X)
+ O –2
If you said that Fe would have to have a +2 charge, then
you are correct. The charge on this metal, was +2.
therefore, the name would be Iron(II)Oxide.

Really I can teach you 3
ways
Backwards
Pictures
Math method
Let me show you each on the
board with the first couple on the
next slide

Let’s Try some
NiO Fe2(CO3)3
PbCl4 Hg3N2
MnPO4 Ru2(CrO4)5

Name These
Cu3(PO4)2
CuO
WO2
Fe2O3
Ni3N2

Charge of the ion or atom in a
compound or ion.
Cu3(PO4)2 (name this)
H2SO4 (charge of S)
C2H3O2
-1
(charge of C)
What is the correct name for
Sn3(PO4)2(whatisthechargeofPinthisbeast?)

Goal of the lab
To run standard tests with
common ions and
compare these results to
an unknown sample with
the intent to discover
what is in that unknown

Common ions Lab
Do each test one at a time
including the unknown.
# unknown, use little and store as
directed!
Wash everything (use special soap
that has NO ions. and rinse with
distilled H2O

See Board
for
procedures
and
comments

What type of data will we
be looking at?

sample data 1 I do
Item to
test Positive Negative Unknown A Unknown B
grape juice
bubbles in
Baking Soda
transparent or
clear in BS
clear in BS
yellow gas in
bs
phlegm
clears up and
becomes
transparent in
Acid
yellow gas
bubbles in
acid
bubbles in
acid
black solid in
acid
Slime
black ppt. in
CuCl2
clear in CuCl2
darb brown
ppt in CuCl2
light reg gas in
CuCl2

sample data 2 We do
Item to
test Positive Negative Unknown C Unknown D
grape juice
bubbles in
Baking Soda
transparent or
clear in BS
smoke comes
off in BS
clear in BS
phlegm
clears up and
becomes
transparent in
Acid
yellow gas
bubbles in
acid
yellow gas in
Acid
nothing
happened
Slime
black ppt. in
KCl
clear ripple
looking in KCl
Clear in KCl
Dark ppt. in
KCl

sample data 3 y’all do
Item to test Positive Negative
apple juice
bubbles in
Ca(OH)2
bubbles in
Ca(OH)2
Blah
clears up and
becomes
transparent in
Acid
yellow gas
bubbles in acid
blood black ppt. in FeO
brownish ppt. in
FeO

What questions do you
have?
Quiz
Get unknown (one per group)
Do Lab
Check homework sometime
today or tomorrow

Assignment
Complete your lab & packet
pages as posted in class
S2015 pg 3 & 12 in packet

After Ions Lab 1
So far: salt naming, acid
naming, ion lab 1,
DISCUSS PAGE 3 IN PACKET &
PG 12
Now: background on some of
these & molecule naming
Ion lab part 2

Name These
Cu3(PO4)2
CuO
WO2
Fe2O3
Ni3N2
TaP

Sample Probs: Charge of the ion or
atom in a compound or ion.
Cu3(PO4)2 (name this)
H2SO4 (charge of S)
C2H3O2
-1
(charge of C)
What is the correct name for
Sn3(PO4)2(whatisthechargeofPinthisbeast?)

Background
information on all
of these types of
compounds

Turn your notebook sideways for
these.

Ionic
Sometimes called salts
Many times they are white powders, colored powders or
crystals
Ions are charged particles and stick together to make
neutral compounds. (conduct in solution or molten)
Picture on pg. 81. NaCl Show how Na & Cl stack
together in to a cube. NaCl is called a formula unit.
That is the lowest whole number ratio of ions in the compound

Ionic (cont.)
Look at charges or oxidation number on the
periodic table.
Metals are + (cations), nonmetals are - (anions)
What is listed on our P.T. is just the most common
charge.
FYI: When they dissolve, the dissociate in to ions
floating around. (ask for a drawing)

Ionic compounds & Bonding (formula units)
What does the charge have to
add up to in a compound
(balanced formula)
Metal to nonmetal
Be able to name these and write formulas given a name.
Be able to find and use roman numbers when appropriate.

How do we find the roman
number?
3 methods
Backward, picture, or math.

Polyatomic ions
Metal w/ Polyatomic ion
Polyatomic to polyatomic
Poly to nonmetal.
Discuss the charges. SO4
–2
(note: the charge on
the whole SO4 is –2
We treat these just like a single unit!
These are
still ionic!

Acid
See PT & my packet
What do acid formulas begin with? begin with H
It is a self contained molecule.
HCl
HC2H3O2 acetic acid
H3PO4
H2SO4
I would suggest they memorize the ic acids and
the ate salts they make up.
Many of the polyatomic
ions come from these.

Base
Bases are a cation with a hydroxide (which
is a polyatomic ion) These are special salts
Some examples
Sodium hydroxide
Barium hydroxide
Aluminum Hydroxide
NOTE These are ionic and will form
crystals like them.
Name to formula: parenthesis are needed.

Molecule
Non metal & non metal
Examples CO2 CH4 N2O5
what is the formula forcarbon tetrachloride
How do these differ from ionic? (they share
electrons)
Diagram (sharing) (PUT ON BOARD)
They don’t have a charge & they become “happy” by
sharing and are a self-contained unit. (we don’t reduce
the formula like we do for Formula units)
No crystal lattice structure like ionic
H O N Cl Br I F (describe how these happen)
DIATOMICS: SEE YOUR P.T. These are the
elements that are not found alone.

Practice naming molecules
CO NH4
N2O5 SF6
SO2 P7F3
H20
Remind them of HONClBrF’s

Naming flowchart
Do you see more than
2 elemental symbols?
Does it begin with H? It’s binary. Does it
start with a metal?
It’s an Acid. Use
the back of
your PT to
name it
It’s a salt. Does
it contain a
metals from a B
group?
Find the charge on
the metal by using
math, working
backward or
drawing a picture.
Use this charge as
a roman number in
the name. Then
follow this by the
anion’s name.
Name the
cation
followed
by the
anion using
the back
of your PT
for the
polynomial
It’s a salt. Does it
contain metals
from the B group?
It’s a molecule. Use
prefixes to name the
number of each
element. There is NO
WORK involved and
no swapping of
charges. Just write
them down.
Name the
cation
followed by
the anion and
it should end
in IDE
Find the charge on
the metal by using
math, working
backward or
drawing a picture.
Use this charge as a
roman number in
the name. Follow
this with the name
of the anion (it
ends in IdE

Practice naming & identifying
What are these? (IMAB or ion) Don’t just name
them
Ca(OH)2 NO Li+
SO2 HCl NH4Cl
Al2(SO4)3 (NH4) 3PO4 LiOH
H2SO4 H3PO4
S2O5 K9P NH4IO3
CH4 C3H8 CuC2H3O2

Acids
Ca(OH)2 NO Li+
SO2 HCl NH4Cl
H2SO4 H3PO4
S2O5 K9P NH4IO3
CH4 C3H8 CuC2H3O2

Bases
Ca(OH)2 NO Li+
SO2 HCl NH4Cl
H2SO4 H3PO4
S2O5 K9P NH4IO3
CH4 C3H8 CuC2H3O2

AFTER LAB AND REVIEW
THUS FAR
Options:
HUGE QUIZ (additional work for those who struggle)
POSSIBLE Book probs: pg 118-120 6, 8,
13, 19 NOT B, 21, 25, 26, 29 A E H I J K L,
32 Not C
REVIEW FOR TEST

What you should be able to
do.
Name to formula, formula to name
What will an atom look like (formula)
Diatomics?
HONClBrIF’s
What will an ion look like? (symbol/formula/name)
What will a salt look like? (symbol/formula/name)
What will a molecule look like?
(symbol/formula/name)
What will an acid look like?
(symbol/formula/name)

What you should be able to
do.
How are salts named
How are acids named
How are simple molecules named
How do you find the name of a
polyatomic ion
Which compounds include organic
substances
Carbon is contained in organic substances. FYI
Cations, anions, # p, n, e etc.

Unit 3 lecture s2015

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