Unit 4 pp 1
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England and Spain had disagreements over trade and religion in the late 1500s. In 1588, King Philip II of Spain sent the Spanish Armada to invade England but it was defeated, weakening Spain. England then began establishing colonies in North America but they struggled at first. The earliest colony at Roanoke Island failed after supplies from England did not arrive. The Jamestown colony, founded in 1607, also faced great hardships and loss of life in its early years until tobacco was successfully grown, providing an important cash crop. The colony survived and grew as the relationship with local Native Americans improved and more settlers, including women, arrived.
Unit 4 pp 1
- 2. England Confronts Spain For years England and Spain disagreed over trading issues and religious differences. The ruler of Spain, King Philip II, was also upset about England leaving the Catholic Church. Another thing that made him mad was that Sir Francis Drake and others were attacking his ships and ports. In 1588 King Philip sent the Spanish Armada, a powerful naval force that dominated the seas, to invade England. Spain lost badly due to English strategy and bad weather. While this lost did not end the war, it made it possible for England and
- 4. Early English Settlements Roanoke England sent several groups to North America to establish settlements without much success. For example, in 1538 Sir Humphrey Gilbert claimed Newfoundland for England but died before he could establish a colony. In 1584 Sir Walter Raleigh and his scouts selected Roanoke Island, off the coast of what is now North Carolina, for colonization. The first group Raleigh sent returned home to England after a harsh winter. The second group started a colony, led by John White. White went back to England for more supplies and more settlers. When he returned, the settlers were gone. He never found them. This discouraged other settlement attempts for a while.
- 6. Early English Settlements Jamestown In 1606 several merchants requested permission from King James I to establish settlements and trade in North America. King James I granted a charter, or formal agreement to the Virginia Company of London. It was a joint-stock company owned by investors for a share of future profits. The settlers expected to make a profit by searching for gold and becoming fur and fish traders. They name their new settlement Jamestown after the King of England. The
- 7. Early English Settlements The soil of Jamestown was swampy, the food Jamestown scarce, and the work difficult. Mosquitoes carried and spread diseases. By spring, only 38 out of the original 144 colonists were still alive. The next two years were not much better. Jamestown survived its first two years because of Captain John Smith, a soldier and explorer. Lack of food continued to be a problem, but local Native Americas brought the settlers corn and other goods at least until Smith left. Only 60 settlers out of 300 survived the winter of 1609-1610. This was called the “Starving Time” because conditions had gotten so bad.
- 8. Early English Settlements Jamestown Everything changed once the settlers discovered they could successfully grow and sell tobacco for a profit. Tobacco become an important crop in the colony from then on. A settler, John Rolfe, married Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powhatan, and tension between the settlers and the Native Americans lessened.
- 10. Early English Settlements Jamestown As the colony grew, the primarily male settlers became unhappy with the rules of the Virginia Company of London. Ten towns in the colony each sent two representative, or burgesses, to an assembly called the House of Burgesses, where they made their own laws for the colony.
- 11. Life in Jamestown Until 1619 most of the settlers in the Jamestown settlement were men. Then the Virginia Company sent 90 women to the settlement. Colonists who wanted to marry the women paid the company a fee in tobacco. Families were started and the settlement grew. Africans also came to Virginia to work in the tobacco fields. Some Africans were free and owned property. Others were servants who agreed to work for a certain length of time in return for passage to America. In time, many more were brought against their will and were sold to the tobacco farmers as slaves.
- 12. The King Takes Over In the early 1620s, the Virginia Company had financial problems. King James took control of the colony in 1624. He cancelled the charter with the Virginia Company of London. The Jamestown settlement became the first royal colony in America.