Unit 4-task-2
- 1. Unit 4 Task 2
- 2. ▶ Commissioning Editor: Is the person who identifies books or media products to publish in order to build up a publisher's list. They commission work by finding authors or responding to book proposals. Their collaboration ensure authors deliver scripts on time. The role they normally take on is book publishing. In magazine publishing, commissioning editors commission writers to produce articles and features. ▶ An example of a famous commissioning editor is Angus, Ewan who is part of BBC Scotland and works on Arts, Comedy, Current Affairs, Daytime Drama, Education, Entertainment, Factual Factual - Entertainment Popular Factual Specialist Factual Sport. ▶ Editorial Assistant: A editorial assistant provides support in all stages of the publication of: books; journals; magazines; online material and publicity materials. They support senior editorial staff in the administration of the commissioning, planning and production of publications. The work they get and the responsibility given to them will vary depending on the organization and work they have going on during that current time. An assistant role is the usual starting point for careers in editorial work. With the growth of digital publishing, there are increasing opportunities to work for online publications which can involve editing and writing website content and using social media. ▶ Cindi Leive - Leive’s magazine career started in the early 1990s, when she worked as an editorial assistant for Glamour. Leive also worked at Self, before returning to Glamour in 2001, where she is now Editor-in-Chief. Job Roles
- 3. Job Roles ▶ Researcher: A researcher originates or develops program ideas, drawing on their knowledge and understanding of industry requirements,. They are also fact checkers and brief writers for onscreen presenters. They work across all genres of television production, including news, sport, current affairs, documentaries and factual programs, light entertainment, children's, situation comedies, soaps or serial dramas, and one-off dramas. They must understand, and work within, relevant legislation and regulations. ▶ Executive Producer: An executive producer oversee the work of the producer on behalf of the studio, the financiers or the distributors. They will ensure the film is completed on time, within budget, and to agree artistic and technical standards. They can also raise a significant proportion of a film's finance, or secure the underlying rights to the project. In major productions, they may be a representative or CEO of the film studio. In smaller companies or independent projects they may be the creator or writer. ▶ Typically, Executive Producers are not involved in the technical aspects of the filmmaking process. Executive Producers must be excellent negotiators. They need a keen business sense, and an intimate knowledge of all aspects of film production, financing, marketing and distribution. ▶ Jane Harris is a British television director and producer, best known for her contributions to soap operas, including EastEnders and Family Affairs, she is one of the leading executive producers behind the work of Eastenders.
- 4. ▶ Producer: A producer will oversee each project from conception to completion and may also be involved in the marketing and distribution processes. Producers will work side by side with the director and the other production staff on the shoot. They need to have directing skills themselves as the producer may also be the director and may take care of all project operations. Producers arrange funding for each project and are responsible for keeping the production within the allocated budget. ▶ An example of a producer is Ben Stiller, who is an American producer, screen writer and actor who has produced many amazing films such as night of the museum, tropical thunder, Zoolander, dodgeball. Job Roles
- 5. ▶ Writer’s ▶ Are involved in the creation and development of works of fiction and non-fiction. This will cover different platforms of writing including: poetry; short stories; novels; life writing; scripts for theatre; screen and radio; non-fiction; magazine and newspaper articles and web-content. New media is also opening doors for writers in areas such as mobile phone content and computer game scripts. Most writers work freelance and are self-employed. As income from writing may be low and erratic, most writers supplement their income with other related activities such as author visits, workshops, events and readings. Some writers may find avenues to diversify their writing and write in different forms, such as published novelists also writing reviews and literary criticism. In addition many writers manage their writing work alongside full or part time jobs which may be related to their writing such as lecturing on creative writing courses or entirely unrelated. ▶ An example of a writer is Adam Sandler, who has written, produced and acted in many hit films some of the films on this list include: blended, grown ups 1&2, Happy Gilmore, The ridiculous 6, The water boy, Big daddy, the wedding singer and many many more. Job Roles
- 6. The role of a writer ▶ Pre-production planning ▶ What needs to be accomplished throughout production, before it has started ▶ Script editing ▶ In order to fit the target audience etc. ▶ Director/producer involvement ▶ Advice and opinions ▶ Shooting script ▶ Camera movements, angles etc. ▶ Production ▶ Page lock-down ▶ The final plan – what will and what will not be produced ▶ Adjustment during shooting stage ▶ How can what has already been produced be made better?
- 7. Job Roles ▶ Script Editor ▶ A script writer will work with producers and writers as a script, Ensuring the story unfolds as initially agreed, and results in a captivating, moving outline for the film and the audience who will watch it. While it is a role requiring creativity and an understanding of the creative process, a script editor is there to provide guidance for the writer. They may make suggestions on things to change and ideas they have to solve problems but their overall concern is to ensure the vision of the writer is fulfilled as strongly as possible. ▶ An example of a script editor is Joseph "Joe" Quesada is an American comic book editor, writer and artist. He became known in the 1990s for his work on various Valiant Comics books, such as Ninjak and Solar, Man of the Atom. ▶ Literary Agent ▶ A literacy agent will work with and represent authors of book-length fiction and nonfiction in their dealings with publishers, such as contracts. The agent's job is to find a publisher and get the best deal possible for the author. Agents have to be familiar with both the publishing industry and the laws governing book contracts so they can safeguard the interests of their clients. ▶ Edward Hibbert is an Anglo-American actor and literary agent. He played Gil Chesterton in the TV series Frasier. He also voiced Zazu in both The Lion King II: Simba's Pride and The Lion King 1½, replacing Rowan Atkinson.
- 8. ▶ How should a professional script be presented? ▶ ‘When presenting your finished script it is vitally important that it is presented in a professional and correct way. If a script isn't written according to the conventions of a usual script, then often it will be immediately rejected. This is because the person reading your script want to see that you know about how a script is written properly, and wont bother to read it if it is set out in a scruffy and wrong way. To explain how a script is properly laid out, take a look at this picture.’ ▶ Why is time management such an important skill for a writer? ▶ ‘Writers, like most people, are incredibly busy. With work, family, friends, and other obligations, things can sometimes get hectic. By using time-management strategies, however, they can find the time for writing, even when their life seems overwhelming.’ Some ways this could be achieved is by: creating a writing space, prioritizing your activities, scheduling time for writing, establishing writing goals and writing whenever you can.
- 9. ▶ Why might you need an agent and what do they do? ▶ ‘An agent sends your manuscript out to see who would like to bid on it for publication. They’re effective because they have more knowledge of the editors and publishers than most. An agent knows who is on the lookout for the next big historical novel, whose lists are full, who is looking for a new crime writer, and can target their submissions accordingly. Once an agent has matched your work to the right publisher they are the professional whose job it is to negotiate the best contract for you. A good literary agent will be the buffer between the publisher and yourself. A strong agent/author relationship can be incredibly beneficial for a writer as it means having someone who’s always ‘on your side’, who is enthusiastic about your writing, and whose desire for the best deal is for both your benefits.’ ▶ What are ‘royalty payments’? ▶ ‘Royalty payments are a way of giving money to the people who helped make something whenever it is played, for example, if a script is bought by a production company and then turned into a film or television series the script writer will receive money every time that the its shown. The royalty fees can range up to 15% of money gained but can be very little at the same time. Songs that are over 70 years old are royalty free so that if television shows use an old tune they don’t have to pay for it. Many scripts have been recycled and have used certain parts from other films or television series' which results in the production company having to pay royalties to the old writer as well as when a film is remade.’
- 10. ▶ Censorship: ‘is the suppression of speech, public communication or other information which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, politically incorrect or inconvenient as determined by governments, media outlets, authorities or other such entities. Censorship also protects people from offensive content, it does this by highlighting what the film/TV program contains, often on the back of the cover or in the tv guide if it is on television. It highlights content such as violence, nudity and swearing.’ ▶ Watersheds: ‘are the point of time at which adult programs may be broadcast on TV. Programs that contain things such as violence, nudity and sexual intercourse aren't allowed to be shown before watershed, and only programs that are suitable for family viewing are allowed to be broadcast. The time for watershed in the UK is 9pm. If you were to put adult content in you script it would have to be shown after watershed, meaning that possibly fewer people would view it. When you write my script you will think about what content is appropriate and what shouldn't be depicted, even after watershed. For example, even if sexual intercourse is permitted to be shown after the watershed you would have to think carefully before using it, as it may be a bit risky.’ Legal & Ethical considerations
- 11. ▶ Plagiarism: ‘In an instructional setting, plagiarism occurs when a writer deliberately uses someone else’s language, ideas, or other original (not common-knowledge) material without acknowledging its source. This definition applies to texts published in print or on-line, to manuscripts, and to the work of other student writers. Most current discussions of plagiarism fail to distinguish between: submitting someone else’s text as one’s own or attempting to blur the line between one’s own ideas or words and those borrowed from another source, carelessly or inadequately citing ideas and words borrowed from another source.’ ▶ Copyright: ‘is the exclusive and assignable legal right, given to the originator for a fixed number of years, to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material. As soon as the idea for your novel, poem, or manuscript is written down in a fixed copy, the work automatically has copyright protection.’ Legal & Ethical considerations
- 12. ▶ Libel and slander are legal claims for false statements of fact about someone this can be printed, broadcast, spoken or otherwise revealed to others. Libel generally refers to statements or visual written or in another permanent form, while slander refers to verbal statements and gestures. The term defamation is often used to encompass both libel and slander. ▶ In order for the person to recover for libel once a statement is made about them, the false statement must be defamatory, meaning that it actually harms their reputation, as opposed to being merely insulting or offensive. ▶ The defamatory statement must be a false statement not having truth apart of the statement. Also have been published or seen by at least one other person other than the subject the statement is about. Meaning, those hearing or reading the statement must be able to identify it specifically being about the subject. ▶ Libel and slander are civil claims, but some believe that an action such as this or a criminal defamation deserves some sought of prosecutions however this is rare, especially against the media. ▶ The defamatory statement must also have been made with fault. Public figures, such as government officials, celebrities, well-known individuals, and people involved in specific public controversies, are required to prove actual malice, a legal term which means the defendant knew his statement was false disregarding the truth of his statement. Legal & Ethical considerations
- 13. ▶ These are some examples of commissioning bodies: ▶ Commissioning Bodies Corporations i.e. BBC ▶ Independent Production Companies i.e. Bedlam Productions Ltd ▶ Independent Directors and Producer i.e. J Blakeson ▶ Organisations i.e. ▶ Independent Cinema Office ▶ Competitions i.e. ▶ The Sunday Times: First Light Commissioning Bodies
- 14. ▶ A corporation is a business operating company that owns other subsidiaries such as smaller companies that the corporation has taken over in order for the competition in the market to be minimized. A corporation is also a well established company that are given broadcasting rights for television. They also as of owning many other subsidiaries will make substantially more money than independent companies. Corporations will also give out higher wages due to the income of the company being higher than independents leading to even more job prospects in the future. Getting a job in big corporations is of the slightest chance normally people of very high quality and highly skilled in this role will get the job, so applying to such companies are very difficult.. A scriptwriter would contact a corporation or an independent company to find a brief. Yet again, due to the amount of competition, the script is less likely to be commissioned. An example for a corporation company within the media industry is Warner brothers as they own many other subsidiaries such as HBO & CNN, allowing them to gain significant amounts of more profit. On the other hand, Independent companies do not own any broadcasting rights. This is due to not owning any other subsidiaries. Normally meaning the company focuses on one field and so getting a job is a lot easier as there is not much competition. However, for example, if a scriptwriter is to be better off with independent companies yet would not receive as much money for their script as the companies do not make large profits. Commissioning bodies