Unit 5 Ecosystems
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This document provides an overview of ecosystems and ecological concepts. It defines key terms like ecosystem, biotope, biocenosis, abiotic and biotic factors. It describes trophic levels, food chains and webs. It also explains different relationship types within ecosystems like competition, predation, parasitism and mutualism. Finally, it introduces different biomes and their characteristic climates and locations around the world. The objectives are to learn how ecosystems function and the interactions between living and nonliving components within specific biomes globally.
Unit 5 Ecosystems
- 2. UNIT OBJECTIVES To learn about ecosystems and how it works To study how abiotic factors influence the biocenosis To understand the relationships in the biocenosis To learn about trophic levels, chains and webs To learn about aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
- 3. COMPONENTS OF AN ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM It’s a place, the living things that inhabit it and the interactions between them. BIOTOPE BIOCENOSIS Nonliving components. Abiotic factors (Physical factors). Ex: Temperature. All the living things. Biotic factors. Population: Members of the same species.
- 5. ACTIVITIES 1. What’s the difference between biocenosis and biotope? 2. Write down three examples of biocenosis and three examples of biotope. 3. Complete: An ecosystem is made up of all living things called_________, the places where they live called__________ and the ____________ between them.
- 6. 4. Are they true or false? a)All the organism of an ecosystem make up the population. b)The population is made up of all the organism of the same species that inhabit a certain area. c)The biocenosis consists of all living things in the planet. d)The biotope consists of the nonliving components of the ecosystem. 5. Classify the following words in the corroct column: water, temperature, oak tree, oxygen, fox, sparrow, caterpillar, ground, rocks. BIOTIC FACTORS: ABIOTIC FACTORS:
- 7. HOW ABIOTIC FACTORS AFFECTS THE BIOCENOSIS ADAPTATION It’s an adjustement in the organism’s body or behaviour to its environment. Animals and plants are influenced by Light Temperature The presence of water
- 8. Light Temperature The presence of water
- 9. ACTIVITIES 6. True or false? Correct them. a) The depths of the oceans contain photosynthesizing organism because a lot of sunlight can be found there. b) Many animals have to emigrate or hibernate when the heat comes. c) Desert plants develop very big leaves which protect them from losing water.
- 10. 7. The following organisms have adaptations. Which was the abiotic factor that produced them? a) Plants that accumulate water in their stems:________ b) A bear hibernating:_____________ c) A tree which loses its leaves in autumn:____________ d) The exoskeleton of insects:_____________ e) Bird migration:______________
- 11. RELATIONS IN THE BIOCENOSIS INTRASPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS Between members of the same species. Between members of different species. Competitive Cooperative -Gregarious associations -Family associations -Colonial societies -Colonial forms Competition Commensalism Predation Mutualism parasitism
- 13. - -
- 14. Predation + - (Predator and prey) Parasitism + - Commensalism + 0 Mutualism + + (Symbiosis)
- 15. ACTIVITIES 8. Fill in the blanks: a) _____________ relationships are between individuals of the ________ species, and interspecific relationships are between individuals of___________ species. b) ___________ relationships are divided into __________, where the individuals of the __________ same species compete for the same resources and __________ where they group together to obtein mutual benefit. 9. Classify the following relationships between intraspecific or interspecific. a) Family relationships. b) Mutualism c) Parasitism d) Gregarious e) Colonial f) Predation
- 16. 10. Complete the table. Benefici al (+) Harmfu l (-) Indiffere nt (0) Type of relationship In a lichen, the algae provides nourishment and the fungus humidity. A lynx hunts a rabbit to eat it. A vulture eats the remains of a lion’s prey. The taenia lives and feeds in the human intestine. Remoras attach to sharks for
- 17. 11. Thousands of bacteria live in the human intestine. They constitute the gut flora. Look for the information and explain what type of relationship there is between people and gut flora. 12. Some types of limpets live on the jaws and the outer surface of whales. The limpets obtain food and a safe place to live, but whales do not benefit nor are harmed. What is this type of relationship called?
- 18. TROPHIC LEVELS PRODUCERS CONSUMERS DECOMPOSERS Autotrophic organisms. Ex:Plants Heterotrophic organisms. (Primary, secondary, tertiary) Ex:Animals Heterotrophic organisms. They feed on the remains of other trophic levels. Ex: Fungi
- 20. FOOD CHAIN It shows the trophic levels and the order of eating.
- 21. FOOD WEB It represents the trophic chains in an ecosystem and their relationships.
- 22. 13. Match a) Producers 1-They feed on others levels. b) Consumers 2- They feed on the remains. c) Decomposers 3- They’re autotrophic. 14. What trophic level do the following organisms belong to? Grasshopper: Rabbit: Poppy: Lynx: Fungus:
- 23. 15. Analyze the trophic web in the picture and write it down two food chains.
- 24. 16. In a science fiction movie we see a future where, after a terrible war, the vegetation of the planet has completely disappeared and human beings live by eating the animals that have survived the catastrophe. Could that situation be possible? Explain your answer.
- 25. BIOME It’s a biological community which occupies large areas of the planet. It has some characteristic climatic conditions. COLD ZONES TEMPERATE ZONES WARM ZONES The polar desert The tundra The taiga The deciduous forest The Mediterranean forest The steppe The desert The savannah The tropical forest Types
- 28. 17. Write two examples of each type of biome. 18. Find Spain on a map and answer the following questions. a) What biomes can be found in Spain? b) What biome is characteristic of the area where you live? 19. In pairs, look information in the Internet about a biome (teacher will tell you which one), and make a poster to present it to your partners in class. You have to include: - Where the bioma is located - Type of vegetation - Type of animals - Temperature - Precipitation Don’t forget to include pictures or drawings