Unit Test Plan
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This document provides details on planning and developing a unit test for students in class 7 on the topic of "Acids, Bases and Salts". It includes the following key information: 1) The unit is divided into 3 sub-units which cover the properties of acids and bases, identification of acids and bases using indicators, and the classification and uses of salts. 2) Objectives, learning experiences, activities and evaluation methods are outlined for each sub-unit to ensure students achieve the desired learning outcomes. 3) Weightage tables are provided to determine the distribution of marks for objectives, content areas, difficulty levels and question formats. 4) A blue-print is given to map the questions
![SELECTION OF TEST-ITEMS
SUB-UNIT-1
Sr.
no.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Questions
Fill in the blanks:
1.……..is obtained from
plants called lichens
State True or False;1.Neutral substances shows
the properties of both acids
and bases.
Give Scientific reasons:1.Tamarind makes our teeth
go on edge when we eat it.
Write a short note:1.Indicators.
Objectives
Specifications
Form
Marks
Time
Knowledge
Recalls
Objective
01
½
Knowledge
Recognizes
Objective
01
½
Application
Give Reasons
Short
Answer
02
3
Understanding
Describes
Essay
03
3
SUB-UNIT-2
Sr.
Questions
no.
I. Fill in the blanks:1.Bases that dissolve in
water are called ……….
Specifications
Form
Marks
Time
Knowledge
Recalls
Objective
01
½
Knowledge
Recognizes
Objective
01
½
Understanding
Compares
Objective
½
½
2.NaCl,C12H12O11,KCl,CuSO. Understanding
II.
Objectives
Compares
Objective
½
Compares
Objective
½
½
]
½
Compares
Objective
½
½
State whether true or
false:1.Oxides of metals are
acidic.
III. Find the odd man out:1.MgO,CaO,H2O,Na2O.
3.NaHCO3,NaOH,NH4OH
,CH3COOH.
Understanding
4.HCl,H2SO4,HNO3,NaCl.
Understanding
IV. Explain what happens:
Or Give chemical
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Unit Test Plan
- 1. Sr.No. Index 1. The Year Plan 2. Selection Of The Sub-Units 3. The Unit Plan 4. The Lesson Plan 5. Weightage Table 6. The Blue-Print 7. The Question Bank 8. Selection Of The Test Item 9. Grouping Of The Test Item 10. Scheme Of Option 11. Instruction To The Examinees. 12. The Scoring Key 13. The Marking Scheme 14. The Unit Test Paper 15. Critical Evaluation By The Expert 16. Analysis And Interpretation Of The Results. Calculation Of The Mean Calculation Of The S.D. 17. Graphical Interpretation Of The Scores Histogram The Frequency Polygon 1 Page No.
- 2. The Year Plan Number of periods available per week =6 Number of days in a year =365 Number of days not available for teaching =220 Number of days available for teaching = Number of days in a year – Number of Holidays =365-220 =145 Number of weeks available for teaching = Number of days available for teaching/5 =145/5 =29 Number of periods available for teaching =Number of weeks*Number of period per week =29*6 =174 periods Total number of periods used =Number of teaching period + Number of testing period =128+46 =174 periods 2
- 3. 2.Water-A natural resource. 3.Properties of Water. Unit-II 4.Propogation of Light. Unit-III 5.Electric Charge. 6.Transmission of Heat 7.Effects of Heat Unit-V 8.Sound-Production of Sound. 9.Propogation of Sound. Unit-VI 10.Food & Nutrition. 11.Food & Production of Food. 12.Health & Disease. Unit-VII 13.The Organization of Living Things. 14.Reproduction of Living Things. 15.Circulation of Blood. 16.Control & Co-ordination Teaching Periods Testing Periods TOTAL APPRECIATION ATTITUDE INTEREST UNDERSTANDI NG APPLICATION 1.Natural Resources. SKILL KNOWLEDGE Name of the Topics Unit-I 7 3 10 5 1 6 6 2 8 7 3 10 9 3 12 7 9 3 3 10 12 8 3 11 8 3 11 9 3 12 9 6 3 2 12 8 6 2 3 5 2 7 8 9 3 3 11 12 7 3 10 3 128 1 46 4 174 Unit-IV Unit-VIII 17.Classification of Substances. Unit-IX 18.Acids,Bases and Salts. TOTAL 3
- 4. SELECTION OF THE SUB-UNITS Subject: Science Topic: Acids,Bases and Salts Std.: VII SUB-UNIT- 1 First Property of Acid & Bases Concept & Definitions of Indicators. Litmus Test Activity. Second Property of Acid & Bases. Definition of Neutral substances SUB-UNIT- 2 Test of Oxides of Metals(Basic) Test of Oxides of Non-metals(Acidic) Definitions of Neutralization. SUB-UNIT- 3 Classification of Salts. Use of Acids & Bases. 4
- 5. THE UNIT PLAN Content Analysis Learning Experience,Learning Evaluation Situations,Learning Activity Sub-Unit-I (First property of Acids and Bases, Indicators, Litmus Test Activity, Second property of Acids and Bases, Neutral Substances.) Stage-I 1.First property Knowledge:1.The pupil recalls The teacher of Acids & that lemon juice is sour to describes the first property of Bases. taste. acids and bases by showing 2.The pupil recognizes that some known substances such as sour to sour substances are acids & lemon ,lime ,soap and vinegar taste Astringe astringent substances are bases. as acids are sour to taste and Understanding: 1.The pupil bases are astringent to taste. nt taste discriminates between acid & She explains ,it is wrong to 2. Indicators. bases. taste or touch substances to find Natural Chemica Application:1.The pupil cites whether the substance is an examples of more substances acid or a base. Then, she l which are sour to taste. introduces substances like Skill:1.Thepupil records litmus,turmeric observations accurately. ,phenolphthalein and methyl orange as those substances which help us to identify an acid or a base, tems them as indicators and classifies them as natural and chemical indicators. 1.Litmus Test Activity. 2.Second property of Acids & Bases. Turns blue litmus red(acid) . Turns red litmus blue(bas e). 3.Neutral Substances. Objectives(with Specifications.) Stage-II Knowledge:1.The pupil recalls The teacher performs the that indicators are used to litmus test activity on different identify given substances. substances such as hydrochloric 2.The pupil recognizes that acid, sulphuric acid ,sodium indicators are of two types. hydroxide ,lime solution and Understanding: 1.The pupil she concludes that acid turns discriminates between acid , blue litmus paper red while red bases and neutral substances. litmus remains unchanged , Application:1.The pupil gives bases turns red litmus paper reason for change in colour of blue while blue litmus remains litmus paper when dipped on unchanged and the substance different solutions. which has no effect on red or Skill:1.Thepupil records blue litmus paper are called as observations of litmus test neutral substances. activity accurately. 5
- 6. Content Analysis Objectives(with Specifications.) Learning Evaluation Experience,Learning Situations,Learning Activity Sub-Unit-II (Simulation of Oxides of metals , Oxides of non-metals And demonstration of Neutralization.) Stage –I The teacher Oxides of metals. Knowledge:1.The pupil recalls that elements are classified into stimulates the Oxides of nonmetals and non-metals. experiment of metals 2.The pupil recognizes that formation of oxides are formed by sulphurous acid and combination of oxygen with any simultaneously she substance. writes the chemical Understanding: 1.The pupil reactions on the discriminates between oxides of B.B.: metals and non-metals.2.The S + O2 pupil generalizes that oxides of SO2 metals are basic and oxides of SO2 + H2O non-metals are acidic in nature. H2SO3 Application:1.The pupil analyzes that SO2 is formed by and does the litmus burning of sulphur.2.The pupil test activity predicts the nature of the newly similarly she formed chemical substance. stimulates the Skill:1.The pupil records formation of observations accurately. magnesium hydroxide and simultaneously she writes the chemical reactions on the B.B.: 2Mg + O2 2MgO 2MgO + H2O Mg(OH)2 and does the litmus test activity Demonstration of Neutralization reaction. Definition Chemical Reaction Stage –II (Neutralization reaction) Knowledge:1.The pupil recalls that .acids and bases have equally opposite properties 2.The pupil recognizes that salt and water are formed as a chemical reaction between acids 6 The teacher demonstrates the neutralization reaction as follows: She takes NaOH in one test-tube and
- 7. and bases . Understanding: 1.The pupil discriminates between acids, bases and salts.2.The pupil sees a relationship between acid,bases and salts in neutralization reaction. Application:1.The pupil predicts the new product in a neutralization reaction. Skill:1.The pupil records observations of the chemical reaction accurately. 7 puts a drop of phenolphthalein in it and asks the students to observe the change in colour. she takes HCl in other testtube and puts a drop of phenolphthalein in it and asks the students to observe the change in colour. Then, she pours NaOH into HCl and puts a drop of phenolphthalein in it and asks the students to observe the change in colour.
- 8. Content Analysis Classification of Salts Neutral salts Acidic salts Basic salts Uses of Acids and Bases: Acids: 1.Citric Acid. 2.Tartaric Acid. 3.Lactic Acid. 4.Benzoic Acid 5.Acetic Acid. 6.Hydrochloric Acid. Bases: 1.Magnesium hydroxide 2.Quicl lime. Objectives(with Specifications.) Learning Experience,Learning Situations,Learning Activity Sub-Unit-III (Classification of Salts and Uses of Acids and Bases.) Stage –I (Classification of Salts) Knowledge:1.The pupil The teacher Classifies the recalls salts into Neutral ,Acidic 2.The pupil recognizes that and Basic .Then she gives Understanding: 1.The some examples of each of pupil discriminates between the different types of salts. Application:1.The pupil Skill:1.The pupil records observations accurately. Stage –II (Uses of Acids and Bases ) Knowledge:1.The pupil The teacher explains the recalls that . 2.The pupil different uses of acids and recognizes that bases in everyday life. She Understanding: 1.The describes that some acids pupil discriminates between make our food tasty.some Application:1.The pupil are used as preservatives. formulates a hypothesis that Some are used as an acid can be neutralized disinfectant. Even bases are by a base. used in medicines. Skill:1.The pupil records observations of the chemical reaction accurately. 8 Evaluation
- 9. WEIGHTAGE TABLES WEIGHTAGE OF THE OBJECTIVES:Knowledge Understanding Application Skill Total 20 40 20 20 100 Marks 4 8 4 4 20 WEIGHTAGE OF THE AREA OF CONTENT:Sub-unit-1 Sub-unit-1 Sub-unit-1 Total 35 40 25 100 Marks 7 8 5 20 WEIGHTAGE TO DIFFICULTY LEVEL:Easy Average Difficult Total 30 40 30 100 Marks 6 8 6 20 WEIGHTAGE OF THE FORMAT OF QUESTIONS:Essay Short-answer Objective Total 30 50 20 100 Marks 6 10 4 20 9
- 11. THE QUESTION BANK SUB-UNIT-1 Sr. no. I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Questions Fill in the blanks: 1……. do not shows the properties of either acids or bases. 2……..is obtained from plants called lichens. 3.Acids and bases have mutually ……….properties. 4.Acids turns ………litmus red. 5.Bases turns …….litmus blue. Match the following:1.Acids –Sour to taste. 2.Bases – Astringent taste. 3.Litmus – Indicator. 4.Water – Neutral. Objectives Specifications Form Marks Time Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Knowledge Knowledge Knowledge Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes Objective Objective Objective Objective 01 01 01 01 ½ ½ ½ ½ Recalls Objective 01 ½ Recalls Objective 01 ½ Recalls Objective 01 ½ Compare Objective 02 1 Compare Compare Objective Objective 01 01 ½ ½ Recalls Objective 01 ½ Recalls Objective 01 ½ State True or False;1.Neutral substances shows the properties of Knowledge both acids and bases. 2.Acids turns blue litmus Knowledge paper red. 3.Bases turns red litmus Knowledge paper blue. Classify the following into acids,bases and Understanding neutral: HCl,H2SO4,NaOH,CaCO3 ,H2O,NaCl Find the odd man out:1.HCl,H2SO4,HNO3,NaCl Understanding 2.Ca2(OH),NaOH,NH4OH Understanding ,CH3COOH Name the following:1.Natural indicator to Knowledge detect acid or base. 2.Plant from where litmus Knowledge is obtained. 11
- 12. 3.Substances which do not affect indicators. Give Scientific reasons:1.Tamarind makes our teeth go on edge when we eat it. 2.Blue litmus turns red when added to lemon juice. Define giving example:1.Indicators 2. Neutral substances VII. VIII. IX. State the effect of red litmus & blue litmus paper on HC1,H2SO4,Ca(OH)2 ,NaOH,NaCl X. Write a short note:1.Indicators. 2.Effect of Litmus and Phelophthalein on acids and bases. Sr.no. I. II. III. Knowledge Recalls Objective Application Give reasons Short Answer 02 Application Give reasons Short Answer 02 3 02 02 3 3 Short Answer 02 3 Knowledge Knowledge Recalls Recalls 01 Short Answer Short Answer ½ 3 Understanding Recalls Understanding Explains Essay 03 5 Understanding Explains Essay 03 5 Questions Fill in the blanks:1.The main constituent of an acid is………. 2. The main constituent of an base is………. 3.The Chemical reaction that takes place between an acid and a base is called ………. 4.Bases that dissolve in water are called ………. Match the following:1.Oxides of metal – Bases 2.Oxides of non-metal – Acids 3.Sulphur – Non-Metal 4.Magnesium –Metal State whether true/false:1.Oxides of metals are acidic. SUB-UNIT-2 Objectives Specifications Form Marks Time 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Knowledge Recognizes Recognizes Objective Objective 01 01 ½ ½ Knowledge Knowledge Recognizes Recognizes Objective Objective 01 01 ½ ½ Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls 12
- 13. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. 2.Common salt is acidic. 3.Bases are formed by neutralization reaction between acids and salts. Find the co-orelation:1.Oxides of metal:Basic::Oxides of non-metal:……… 2.Acid:H::Base:……. Find the odd man out:1.MgO,CaO,H2O,Na2O. 2.NaCl,C12H12O11,KCl,C uSO4. 3.NaHCO3,NaOH,NH4O H,CH3COOH. 4.HCl,H2SO4,HNO3,NaC l. Classify the following into acidic,basic and neutral:HCl,NaCl,MgO,KCl,Ca O, H2SO4,HNO3, H2O,Na2CO3 Name the following:1.Chemical formed when an element combines with a oxygen. 2.Acid formed when sulphur dioxide dissolves in water. 3.Base formed when magnesium oxide dissolves in water. 4.Bases that dissolves in water. Give Scientific reasons:1.Pheolphthalein solution turns to pink when added to a solution of magnesium hydroxide or lime solution. 2.Hydroxides of copper have to be prepared by chemical reactions and not by dissolving an oxide. OR 2.Copper hydroxide is basic but not aan alkali in water. Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Understanding Compare Objective 01 ½ Understanding Compare Objective 01 ½ Understanding Understanding Compares Compares Objective Objective 01 01 ½ ½ Understanding Compares Objective 01 ½ Compares Objective 01 ½ Understanding Understanding Compares Compares Objective Objective 01 01 ½ ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective Knowledge Recalls Objective Understanding 01 ½ ½ 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Application Give reasons Short Answer 02 3 Application Give reasons Short Answer 02 3 13
- 14. IX. Distinguish between:1.Acids and Bases. 2.Base and Alkali. Define giving examples:1.Neutralization. 2.Alkali. Explain what happens: Or Give chemical reaction:- Short Answer 02 02 3 3 Recalls Recalls Short Answer 02 02 3 3 Skill Describes/ Explains Short Answer 02 ½ Skill Describes/ Explains Describes/ Explains Describes/ Explains Short Answer Short Answer Short Answer 02 ½ 02 ½ 02 ½ Understanding Describes/ Explains Essay 03 5 Understanding Describes/ Explains Essay 03 5 3.Explain the formation of Magnesium hydroxide. XI. Differentiates Differentiates 2.Explain the formation of Sulphurous acid. X. Understanding Describes/ Explains Essay 03 5 Describe an experiment to show an acid can be neutralized by base. Knowledge/ Understanding Recalls/ Describes/ Explains 1.Hydrochloric acid reacts with ammonium hydroxide. 2.Sulphur dioxide reacts with water. 3.Magnesium reacts with oxygen. 4.Sulphur reacts with oxygen. XII. XIII. Answer briefly:1.Short note on Neutralization. Understanding Understanding Knowledge Knowledge Skill Skill 14 Essay 03 5
- 15. SUB-UNIT-3 Sr. no. I. II. III. Questions Fill in the blanks:1.Tartaric acid is a………acid. 2. Acetic acid and benzoic acid are used for preserving ……….. and ………… 3.To get acidic salts………..acids are used. 4.There is a………..acid in our stomach. Match the following:1.Tamarind – Tartaric acid. 2.Yoghurt –Lactic acid. 3.Lemon – Citric acid. 4.Vinegar –Acetic acid. State whether true or false:1.To get acidic salts,,weak acid is used. 2. To get basic salts,strong acid is used . 3. To get neutral salts,strong acid and a weak base is used. Objectives Specifications Form Marks Time Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recognizes Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Knowledge Knowledge Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes Objective Objective Objective 01 01 01 ½ ½ ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Knowledge Knowledge Knowledge Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes Recognizes Objective Objective Objective Objective 01 01 01 01 ½ ½ ½ ½ Knowledge Knowledge Recognizes Recognizes Objective Objective 01 01 ½ ½ Knowledge Recognizes Objective 01 ½ Application Give reasons Short Answer 02 ½ IV. V. Name the following:1.Acidic salt. 2.Basic salt. 3.Neutral salt. 4.Vitamin present in Citrus fruit. 5.Acid in tamarind. 6.Substances added to acidic soil to increase fertility. 7.Substances added to make alkaline soil fertile. Give Scientific reasons:1.Medicine containing magnesium hydroxide is 15 3
- 16. given to a patient suffering from stomach ache caused due to acidity. 2.Quick lime or slaked lime is sometimes added to soil. VI. Write a short note on:1.Different types of salts. 2.Uses of acids and bases VII. Answer briefly:1.Statues of marble get spoiled when exposed to vehicular pollution. Application Give reasons Short Answer 02 Understanding Understanding Explains Explains Essay Essay 03 03 5 5 Understanding Explains Essay 03 5 16 3
- 17. SELECTION OF TEST-ITEMS SUB-UNIT-1 Sr. no. I. II. III. IV. Questions Fill in the blanks: 1.……..is obtained from plants called lichens State True or False;1.Neutral substances shows the properties of both acids and bases. Give Scientific reasons:1.Tamarind makes our teeth go on edge when we eat it. Write a short note:1.Indicators. Objectives Specifications Form Marks Time Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recognizes Objective 01 ½ Application Give Reasons Short Answer 02 3 Understanding Describes Essay 03 3 SUB-UNIT-2 Sr. Questions no. I. Fill in the blanks:1.Bases that dissolve in water are called ………. Specifications Form Marks Time Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recognizes Objective 01 ½ Understanding Compares Objective ½ ½ 2.NaCl,C12H12O11,KCl,CuSO. Understanding II. Objectives Compares Objective ½ Compares Objective ½ ½ ] ½ Compares Objective ½ ½ State whether true or false:1.Oxides of metals are acidic. III. Find the odd man out:1.MgO,CaO,H2O,Na2O. 3.NaHCO3,NaOH,NH4OH ,CH3COOH. Understanding 4.HCl,H2SO4,HNO3,NaCl. Understanding IV. Explain what happens: Or Give chemical 17
- 18. reaction:1.Hydrochloric acid reacts with ammonium hydroxide. Skill V. Give Scientific reasons:1.Pheolphthalein solution turns to pink when added to a solution of magnesium hydroxide or lime solution. 02 3 Describes 3 Describes Short Answer Short Answer 02 Skill 3.Magnesium reacts with oxygen. Short Answer Skill 2.Sulphur dioxide reacts with water. Describes 02 3 Short Answer 02 3 Application Give reasons SUB-UNIT-3 Sr. no. I. II. Questions Objectives Specifications Form Marks Time Give Scientific reasons:1.Quick lime or slaked lime is sometimes added to soil. Application Give Reasons Short Answer 02 3 Understanding Understanding Describes Describes Essay Essay 03 03 5 5 Write a short note on:1.Different types of salts. 2.Uses of acids and bases. 18
- 19. GROUPING OF TEST-ITEMS Grouping I II III IV V VI Questions Fill in the blanks:1.……..is obtained from plants called lichens. 2.Bases that dissolve in water are called ………. Find the odd man out:1.MgO,CaO,H2O,Na2O. 2.NaCl,C12H12O11,KCl,C uSO4. 3.NaHCO3,NaOH,NH4O H,CH3COOH. 4.HCl,H2SO4,HNO3,NaCl . State True or False;1.Neutral substances shows the properties of both acids and bases. 2.Oxides of metals are acidic. Explain what happens: Or Give chemical reaction:1.Hydrochloric acid reacts with ammonium hydroxide. 2.Sulphur dioxide reacts with water. 3.Magnesium reacts with oxygen. Give Scientific reasons:1.Tamarind makes our teeth go on edge when we eat it. 2.Pheolphthalein solution turns to pink when added to a solution of magnesium hydroxide or lime solution. 3. Quick lime or slaked lime is sometimes added to soil. Write a short note:1.Indicators. 2.Different types of salts. 3.Uses of acids and bases Objectives Specifications Form Marks Time Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recalls Objective 01 ½ Understanding Understanding Understanding Compares Compares Compares Objective Objective Objective ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ Compares Objective ½ ½ Knowledge Recognizes Objective 01 ½ Knowledge Recognizes Objective 01 ½ Skill Describes/ Explains Describes/ Explains Describes/ Explains Short Answer Short Answer Short Answer 02 3 02 3 02 3 Application Give reasons 02 3 Application Give reasons Short Answer Short Answer 02 3 Application Give reasons Short Answer 02 3 Understanding Understanding Understanding Describes Describes Describes Essay Essay Essay 03 03 03 5 5 5 Understanding Skill Skill 19
- 20. SCHEME OF OPTION IV. Explain what happens when OR Give chemical reactions and balance it :(any 2 out of 3) V. Give Scientific reasons :(any 2 out of 3) VI. Write a short note on :(any 2 out of 3) 20
- 21. INSRTUCTION TO THE EXAMINEES The following general instructions were given to the examinees at the beginning of the question paper. a) b) c) d) e) Questions I,II & III are compulsory. Questions IV,V & VI have internal options. Read each question carefully. Figure to the right indicates maximum number of marks obtainable in each question. The total number of marks carried is 20. THE SCORING KEY Objective Type Questions:- I.Fill in the Blanks II.State whether True or False III.Find the Odd man out Sr.No. Expected Answer:- Marks Special Instructions I. 1. 2. Fill in the Blanks Litmus Alkali 1 1 Nil Nil II. 1. 2. 3. 4. Find the Odd man out:H2O C12H12O11 CH3COOH NaCl ½ ½ ½ ½ Nil Nil Nil Nil III. 1. 2. State whether True or False:False False 1 1 Nil Nil 21
- 22. THE MARKING SCHEME Short Answer/Essay Type Answer:-IV.Give Chemical Reactions V.Give Scientific Reasons VI.Write Short Note on Sr.No. Expected Answer:- Marks IV. 1. Explain What happens/Give Chemical reactions When hydrochloric acid reacts with ammonium 2 hydroxide,then ammonium chloride and water are formed. 2. When sulphur dioxide reacts with water then sulphurous acid is formed. 2 Nil 3. When magnesium reacts with oxygen then magnesium oxide is formed 2 Nil V. 1. Give Scientific reasons 1.Tamarind has tartaric acid. 2.The sour taste of acid is very strong. Hence,tamarind makes our teeth to go on edge when we eat it. 2 Nil 2. 1. Phenolphthalein is an indicator which changes colour in acids andbases. 2.In acid it is colourless and in a base it is pink. 3. Magnesium hydroxide solution is a base prepared from oxide of a magmesium metal. 4.Lime solution is a base prepared from oxide of a calcium metal. Hence,phenolphthalein solutions turns to pink when added to a solution of magnesium hydroxide or lime solution. 2 Nil 3. 1.Overuse of chemical fertilizers makes the soil acidic. 2. Quick lime is basic in nature.Hence,quick lime is sometimes added to the soil. 2 Nil 22 Special Instructions Nil
- 23. VI. 1. Write short note on 1.Indicators: Ans:a.Certain substances are used to find whether the given substance is acid or a base.such substances are called indicators. b.When an indicator is added to an acidic or a basic solution it changes colour. c.Litmus and turmeric are examples of natural indicators. d.Phenolphathalein and methyl orange are examples of chemical indicators. 3 Nil 2. 3.Types of Salts 3 Ans:Salts are formed when an acid reacts with a base.Salts are of 3 types: a.Neutral Salts:They are formed as a result of chemical reaction between a strong acid and a strong base. e.g. NaCl (sodium chloride),etc. b.Acidic salts: They are formed as a result of chemical reaction between a strong acid and a weak base. e.g. NH4Cl (ammonium chloride),etc. c.Basic Salts:- They are formed as a result of chemical reaction between a weak acid and a strong base. e.g. Washing soda,Baking soda.etc Nil 3. 4.Use of acids and bases a.Citric acid is found in natural foods such as lemons,oranges,sweetlimes.we get Vitamin C from these fruits. b.Tartaric acid in tamarind and lactic Acid in yoghurt make our food tastier. c.hydrochloric acid is used for cleaning toilets. d.Acetic acid,benzoic acid is used in food preservation. e. magnesium hydroxide is used in medicines for neutralizing extra acid in the stomach. f.Quick lime/Slaked lime is added to acidic soil to neutralize the acid in the soil. 3 Nil 23
- 24. THE UNIT-TEST PAPER St. Paul High School ,Dadar SUB: Science Std: VII Date: 10.02.2014 Marks: 20 Time: 30 min General Instructions:a) Questions I , II & III are compulsory. b) Questions IV ,V & VI have internal options. c) Read each question carefully. d) Figure to the right indicates maximum number of marks obtainable in each question. e) The total number of marks carried is 20. I.Fill in the blanks:1………is obtained from the plant lichens. 2. Bases that dissolves in water are called ……….. 2 II.Find the odd man out:1.MgO,CaO,H2O,Na2O. 2.NaCl,C12H12O11,KCl,CuSO4. 3.NaHCO3,NaOH,NH4OH,CH3COOH. 4.HCl,H2SO4,HNO3,NaCl. 2 III.State Whether True or False:1.Oxides of metals are acidic. 2.Neutral Substances shows the properties of both acids and salts. 2 IV.Explain what happens when OR Give chemical reactions and balance it :-(any 2) 4 1.Hydrochloric acid reacts with ammonium hydroxide. 2.Sulphur dioxide reacts with water. 3.Magnesium reacts with Oxygen. V.Give Scientific reasons :-(any 2) 4 1.Tamarind makes our teeth go on edge when we eat it. 2.Phenolphathalein solution turns to pink when added to a solution of magnesium hydroxide or lime solution. 3.Quick lime or Slaked lime is sometimes added to soil. VI.Write a short note on :-(any 2) 1.Indicators. 2.Use of Acids and Bases. 3.Different Types of Salts. 6 24
- 25. Critical Evaluation by the Expert This project in Education Evaluation has been evaluated by professor Mrs. Sheela Philip who is my method expert. Thank you mam for guiding me throughout this year. 25
- 26. Notes given to the students 1.Fill in the blanks:1.The main constituent of an acid is H . 2.The main constituent of a base is OH . 3.Tartaric acid is a organic acid. 4.To get acidic salts strong acids are used. 5.Litmus is obtained from plants called lichens. 6. Bases that dissolves in water are called alkalis. 2.Odd man out:1.MgO,CaO,H2O,Na2O. Ans:- H2O (neutral) 2.NaCl,C12H12O11,KCl,CuSO4. Ans:- C12H12O11(sugar) 3.NaHCO3,NaOH,NH4OH,CH3COOH. Ans:- CH3COOH (acid) 4.HCl,H2SO4,HNO3,NaCl. Ans:- NaCl (salt) 5. HCl,H2SO4,HNO3,CH3COOH Ans:- CH3COOH(weak acid) 3.True or False:1.Oxides of metals are acidic . Ans:-False 2.Neutral Substances shows the properties of both acids and salts. Ans:-False 3.Common salt is acidic. Ans:-False 4.Salt is neutral. Ans:-True 5.Salts are formed by neutralization reaction between acids and bases. Ans:-True 4.Chemical reactions: 1.Sulphur reacts with oxygen. Ans:When Sulphur reacts with oxygen,then Sulphur dioxide is formed. S + O2 SO2 2.Hydrochloric acid reacts with ammonium hydroxide. Ans:-When hydrochloric acid reacts with ammonium hydroxide,then ammonium chloride and water is formed. HCl + NH4OH NH4Cl + H2O 3.Sulphur dioxide reacts with water. 26
- 27. Ans:-When Sulphur dioxide reacts with water,then Sulphurous acid is formed. SO2 + H2O H2SO3 4.Magnesium Oxide reacts with water. Ans:- When magnesium oxide reacts with water,then magnesium hydroxide is formed. 2MgO + H2O Mg(OH)2 5. Magnesium reacts with oxygen. Ans:-When magnesium reacts with oxygen,then magnesium oxide is formed. 2Mg + O2 2MgO 5.Give scientific reasons:1.Tamarind makes our teeth go on edge when we eat it. Ans:- a.Tamarind has tartaric acid. b.The sour taste of acid is very strong. Hence,tamarind makes our teeth go on edge when we eat it. 2.Blue litmus turns red when added to lemon juice. Ans:-a. Litmus is an indicator which changes colour in acids andbases. .b.In acid it is red and in a base it is blue. .c.Lemon juice contains citric acid. Hence, blue litmus turns red when added to lemon juice. 3.Phenolphthalein solutions turns to pink when added to a solution of magnesium hydroxide or lime solution. Ans:-a. Phenolphthalein is an indicator which changes colour in acids andbases. b.In acid it is colourless and in a base it is pink. c. Magnesium hydroxide solution is a base prepared from oxide of a magmesium metal. d.Lime solution is a base prepared from oxide of a calcium metal. Hence,phenolphthalein solutions turns to pink when added to a solution of magnesium hydroxide or lime solution. 4.Butter milk kept in copper vessel gets spoiled. Ans:- a.Butter milk has lactic acid. b.Copper is a metal, which reacts with lactic acid.Hence, Butter milk kept in copper vessel gets spoiled. 5.Quick lime is sometimes added to the soil. Ans:-a.Overuse of chemical fertilizers makes the soil acidic. b. Quick lime is basic in nature.Hence,quick lime is sometimes added to the soil. 5.Short notes: 1.Indicators: Ans:a.Certain substances are used to find whether the given substance is acid or a base.such substances are called indicators. b.When an indicator is added to an acidic or a basic solution it changes colour. 27
- 28. c.Litmus and turmeric are examples of natural indicators. d.Phenolphathalein and methyl orange are examples of chemical indicators. 2.Neutralization Ans:-a.The Chemical reaction that takes place between acid and bases is called as Neutralization. b.It results in the formation of salts and water. c. When hydrochloric acid reacts with ammonium hydroxide,then ammonium chloride and water is formed. HCl + NH4OH NH4Cl + H2O 3.Types of Salts Ans:Salts are formed when an acid reacts with a base.Salts are of 3 types: a.Neutral Salts:They are formed as a result of chemical reaction between a strong acid and a strong base. e.g. NaCl (sodium chloride),etc. b.Acidic salts: They are formed as a result of chemical reaction between a strong acid and a weak base. e.g. NH4Cl (ammonium chloride),etc. c.Basic Salts:- They are formed as a result of chemical reaction between a weak acid and a strong base. e.g. Washing soda,Baking soda.etc 4.Use of acids and bases a.Citric acid is found in natural foods such as lemons,oranges,sweetlimes.we get Vitamin C from these fruits. b.Tartaric acid in tamarind and lactic Acid in yoghurt make our food tastier. c.hydrochloric acid is used for cleaning toilets. d.Acetic acid,benzoic acid is used in food preservation. e. magnesium hydroxide is used in medicines for neutralizing extra acid in the stomach. f.Quick lime/Slaked lime is added to acidic soil to neutralize the acid in the soil. 28
- 29. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS 1.Calculation of Mean Class Interval 0-2 3-5 6-8 9-11 12-14 15-17 18-20 Mean Mean Frequency 0 4 19 10 17 10 7 N=67 x 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 x' -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 fx' 0 -12 0 30 102 90 84 ∑fx'=294 = A.M+ ∑fx'/ N =7+ 294/67 =7+4.38 =11.38 Interpretation:-It means that the central value of the distribution is 11.38 OR that most of the students in the distribution lie above or below 11.38.Most of the students have scored around 11.38. 29
- 30. 2.Calculation of Median Class Interval Frequency(f) F 0-2 0 0 3-5 04 4 6-8 19 23 9-11 10 33 12-14 17 50 15-17 10 60 18-20 7 67 N=67 N/2=33.5 Median = L+ ((N/2 –F)/f *I) =5.5+(33.5-4/19*3) =5.5+4.66 Median =10.16 Interpretation:-It is the positional average of the distribution. It divides the distribution into two equal halves.It implies that 50% of the students lie below or above 10.16. If N=67,then 33.5 students lie below 10.16 and 33.5 students lie above it. 30
- 31. 3.Calculation of S.D. Marks Frequency 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 1 4 1 5 2 6 4 7 8 8 7 9 3 10 6 11 1 12 12 13 3 14 2 15 2 16 2 17 6 18 3 19 2 20 2 31
- 32. M + 1S.D. =68.26% of cases M + 2S.D. =95.44% of cases M + 3S.D. =99.73% of cases Mean=11.38 and S.D.=4.38 M + 1S.D. =11.38 +4.38=15.76=16 M -1S.D. =11.38 -4.38=7 Thus, Range lies between 7-16. Therefore Number of cases falling within this range =8+7+3+6+1+12+3+2+2+2 =46 N= 53 Out of 67………46cases Out of 100…………. ? =(100*46)/67 =68.66% Interpretation:- This means that M + 1S.D. covers 68.66% of the cases. But according to the formulae, in a normal distribution ,M + 1S.D. covers 68.26% of the cases. This implies that the given distribution is normal. 32
- 33. GRAPHICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE SCORES 1.THE HIISTOGRAM Class Interval Frequency 0-2 0 3-5 4 6-8 19 9-11 10 12-14 17 15-17 10 18-20 7 THE HISTOGRAM 19 20 17 18 16 14 12 10 10 10 7 8 6 4 4 2 0 0 0-2 3-5 6-8 9-11 12-14 33 15-17 18-20 Frequency
- 34. 2. FREQUENCY POLYGON Class Interval Frequency 0-2 0 3-5 4 6-8 19 9-11 10 12-14 17 15-17 10 18-20 7 21-23 0 Frequency Polygon 20 19 18 17 16 14 12 10 10 10 Frequency 8 7 6 4 4 2 0 0 0-2 3-5 6-8 9-11 34 12-14 15-17 18-20 0 21-23