Unit V.pptx
- 1. Unit V: HCI in the System Process LESSON 01: THE SOFTWARE LIFECYCLE
- 2. HCI in the System Software Software engineering and the design process for interactive systems Usability engineering Iterative design and prototyping Design rationale
- 3. The Software Lifecycle Software engineering is the discipline for understanding the software design process, or life cycle. Designing for usability occurs at all stages of the life cycle, not as a single isolated activity.
- 5. Activities in the Life Cycle Requirements Specification designer and customer try capture what the system is expected to provide can be expressed in natural language or more precise language, such as a task analysis would. Architectural Design High level description of how the system will provide the services required factor system into major components of the system and how they are interrelated needs to satisfy both functional and non-functional requirements. Detailed Design Refinement of architectural components and interrelations to identify modules to be implemented separately the refinement is governed by the non-functional requirements.
- 6. Verifications and Validations Verification Designing the product right. Validation Designing the right product The Formerly Gap Validation will always rely to some extent on subjective means of proof. Management and Contractual Issues Design in commercial and legal contexts.
- 7. Life Cycle for Interactive Systems
- 8. Usability Engineering The ultimate test of usability based on measurement of user experience Usability engineering demands that specific usability measures be made explicit as requirements. Usability Specification: Usability attribute/principle Measuring content Measuring method Now level/ worst case/ planned level/ best level Problems Usability specification requires level of detail that may not be possible early in design Satisfying a usability specification does not necessarily satisfy usability.
- 9. Part of a Usability Specification for a VCR
- 10. ISO Usability Standard 9241 Adopts traditional usability categories: Usability - The effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction with which specified users achieve specified goals in particular environments Effectiveness - The accuracy and completeness with which specified users can achieve specified goals in particular environment. Efficiency - The resources expended in relation to the accuracy and the completeness of goals achieved. Satisfaction - The comfort and acceptability of the work system to its users and other people affected by its use.
- 11. Some metric from ISO 9241
- 12. Criteria by which measuring method can be Determined Time to complete the task Percent of task complete Percent of task completed per unit time Ratio of successes to failure Time spent in errors Percent or number of errors Percent or number of competitors better than it Number of commands used Frequency of help and documentation use Percent of favourable/unfavourable user comments Number of repetitions of failed commands Number of runs of successes and of failures Number of times interface mislead the user Number of good and bad features Numbers of available commands not invoked Number of regressive behaviors Numbers of users preferring your system Number of times users need to work around a problem Number of times user losses control of the system.
- 13. Iterative design and Prototyping Overcomes inherent problems of incomplete requirements Prototype - Simulate or animate some features of intended systems - Different types of prototype --Throw-away --Incremental --Evolutionary Management issues - Time - Planning - Non-functional - contracts
- 14. Techniques for Prototyping Storyboards – needs not be computer based and can be animated. Limited Functionality Simulations – some part of systems functionality provided by designers tools like HyperCard are common for these Wizard Oz technique. Warning about iterative design Design inertia – early bad decisions stay bad Diagnosing real usability problems in prototypes and not just the symptoms.
- 15. Design Rationale Design Rationale is information that explains why a computer system is the way it is. Types of DR Process oriented – preserves order of deliberation and decision-making Structure-Oriented – emphasizes post hoc structuring of considered desired alternatives - Example - - Issue-based information system (IBIS) - Design space analysis
- 16. Issue-based Information System Based for much of design rationale research Process oriented Main elements Issues – hierarchical structure with one ‘root’ issue. Positions – potential resolutions of an issue Arguments – modify the relationship between position and issues. Gibis is a graphical version.
- 18. Design Space Analysis Structure- oriented QOC – hierarchical structure DRL – similar to QOC with a larger language and more formal semantics.
- 19. The QOC Notation
- 20. Psychological Design Rationale To support task-artefact cycle in which user tasks are affected by the systems they use. Aims to make explicit consequences of a design for users. Designers identify tasks system will support. Scenarios are suggested to test task. Users are observed on systems Psychological claims of system made explicit Negative aspects of design can be used to improve next iteration of design.