University of Waterloo Presentation (2011)
- 2. • best mix of educational knowledge and practical experience • Fuel Cell Design, Fuel Cell Reliability and Failure Modes, Accelerated Testing, Conductive Polymer Blends, Hydrogen Production and Distribution, Greener Energy System, Life Cycle Analysis
- 3. • Design a fuelling station for light-duty hydrogen FCVs for integration into a single residential building • Production, compression, potential storage, and dispensing elements to be included • Service a minimum daily capacity of 0.8 kg hydrogen/day/car • based upon a 35 mile/day commute • 44 mile/kg fuel economy light-duty fuel cell vehicles • hydrogen must be compressed to 35 MPa (5000 psig)
- 4. • High rise condominium building • Located in Waterloo Research and Technology Park
- 7. • Hydrogenics HySTAT 15 electrolyzer • 15 Nm3/hr produced • 32.4 kg/day • 10 bar discharge • built-in water purification • municipal water input • produces FCV-pure H2 • 99.999% pure • Capable of fuelling 40 cars per day according to design requirements
- 8. Two-stage Diaphragm Compressor Booster Compressor Cascade Mass of H2 (Full) Tank Volume Low Pressure 14 kg 0.60 m3 Medium Pressure 10 kg 0.43 m3 High Pressure 10 kg 0.43 m3
- 9. • located upon entrance to parking garage for ease of access • three-line charging system (priority controls) • electronic compensation for temperature and pressure effects • SAE J2600 compliant nozzles with SAE J2601 compliant dispenser-vehicle communications • maximum fill time: 5 minutes
- 11. Key Features: • blast-proof walls (2 hour fire resistance) • blast-proof windows with thermoplastic glaze • holds all major equipment (electrolyzer, primary and booster compression, storage cascade) • pressure relief system with inert purging gas • outside ventilation • limited access (maintenance staff only)
- 12. • FMEA revealed significant hazards associated with human error, deliberate vandalism / terrorism, external fires, flooding and weather conditions, and potential valve failures, blockages or leaks along the lines • Main potential consequences of these hazards include fire, explosion and suffocation • Equipment placed in a secure special room designed to BNQ Hydrogen Installation Code. Dispenser on outdoor island protected by concrete-filled pipes • Process control system shuts down equipment if fire, leak, or elevated temperatures or pressures detected • Individual system components designed to relevant codes and standards
- 13. • Heat recovery for water and space heating • Electrolyzer energy consumed • 683,280 kWh/year • 290 solar photovoltaic (PV) panels • 60,030 kWh/year • 4 Wind turbines • 7000+ kWh/year • 20 Human Powered Bicycles (fitness room) • 10,676 kWh/year Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design (LEED®) Gold Certification Credits include: • Being close to public transit • Low Emitting Materials (paint) • Light Pollution Reduction TOTAL OFFSET = 11.3%
- 14. 0.000 50.000 100.000 150.000 200.000 250.000 300.000 350.000 Gasoline (Low S) 2010 Gasoline (Low S) 2050 CH2 Fuel Cell 2010 CH2 Fuel Cell 2050 CO2Equiv(g/km) Type of Fuel and Year Carbon Equivalent Emissions – Conventional Gasoline vs FCVs Vehicle Operation Upstream Vehicle Material & Assembly
- 15. • Savings of $404.8/year • Cost to produce 1 kg of H2 is $3.90 • Refueling stations available in Torrance, California for the Honda FCX Clarity • Hydrogenics and ITM Power have built electrolysis units especially for residential use • Technologies improving, will be more common in the future Vehicle Type Cost ($/year) Conventional ICE $1532.58 Fuel Cell Vehicle $1127.78
- 16. Key strategies: • viral marketing campaign • local newspaper feature • bus shelter and exterior advertising • branding of UW’s FCV • info sessions @ UW • open-door cafe in building • comprehensive info station at condominium