Unleashing Interaction - XAPI and Moodle
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The document discusses the integration of xAPI with Moodle to enhance user interaction tracking and flexible assessments. It describes the functionalities of the powertla client for xAPI, which enables the documentation of learner activities, supports gamification and personalized educational resources, and manages activity streams. Various examples of complex interactions and student activities are also highlighted, showcasing how the xAPI enhances Moodle's capabilities.
![PowerTLA Client XAPI
Interfaces (WIP)
lrs.setActor(actorObject)
lrs.unsetActor()
// Context Management
lrs.startContext(contextObject)
lrs.endContext(contextObject)
lrs.clearContext()
contextObject = lrs.getContext()
// Activity Management
actionUUID = lrs.startAction(verb, [objectURL])
actionUUID = lrs.recordAction(verb,
[objectURL],
[result])
lrs.finishAction(actionUUID, [result])
activityStream = lrs.getStream()
activityStatement = lrs.lastAction()
// State Documents
lrs.setStateDoc(actionUUID, activityStateData)
activityStateData = lrs.getStateDoc(actionUUID)
lrs.ready(function())
lrs.enableAutoFinish()
lrs.disableAutoFinish()
// LRS Communication
lrs.fetchMyActions(filter, function(stream))
lrs.fetchUserActions(filter, function(stream))
lrs.fetchActions(filter, function(stream))
lrs.fetchState(function(stateDoc),
objectId, actionUUID, actorObject)
lrs.push()
lrs.pushStream()
lrs.pushState()
// Client Persistency
lrs.store()
lrs.load()
lrs.flush()](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/interaction-unleashedenslideshare-160212101421/85/Unleashing-Interaction-XAPI-and-Moodle-17-320.jpg)
![The Activity Stream
[{"id":"3909970f-0b50-401f-9e12-0511435b8721","timestamp":"2016-02-12T09
:30:54.869Z","actor":{"objectType":"Agent","openid":"https://mdl-
tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/
YTxpSdh"},"verb":{"id":"http://xapi.ch/verb/gui/click"},"object":
{"id":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/view.php?
id=51"},"stored":"2016-02-12T10:30:55+0100"},{"id":"ba0f8385-a642-499f-
ab4b-3a8e4707412d","timestamp":"2016-02-12T10:48:34.900Z","actor":
{"objectType":"Agent","openid":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/
restservice/identity/profile.php/user/YTxpSdh"},"verb":{"id":"http://
xapi.ch/verb/gui/click"},"object":{"id":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/
page/view.php?id=51"},"stored":"2016-02-12T11:48:35+0100"},
{"id":"d17760fc-db1b-4ce6-900c-387f6a3bb24f“,
"timestamp":"2016-02-12T13:52:52.711Z", "actor":
{"objectType":"Agent","openid":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/
restservice/identity/profile.php/user/YTxpSdh"},"verb":{"id":"http://
xapi.ch/verb/gui/click"},"object":{"id":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/
page/view.php?id=51"},"stored":"2016-02-12T14:52:51+0100"}]
Let‘s look at this
statement](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/interaction-unleashedenslideshare-160212101421/85/Unleashing-Interaction-XAPI-and-Moodle-23-320.jpg)
![The Activity Stream
[...,
{ "id" : "3a09a0d3-471d-4d82-8213-842c37996697",
"actor" : {
"objectType" : "Agent",
"openid" : "https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/YTxpSdh"
},
"verb" : {"id" : "http://xapi.ch/verb/gui/click"},
"object" : {"id" : "https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/view.php?id=50"},
"stored" : "2016-02-11T21:43:21+0100",
"timestamp" : "2016-02-11T20:43:21.694Z"},
{ "id" : "3909970f-0b50-401f-9e12-0511435b8721",
"actor" : {
"objectType" : "Agent",
"openid" : "https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/YTxpSdh"
},
"verb" : {"id" : "http://xapi.ch/verb/gui/click"},
"timestamp" : "2016-02-12T09:30:54.869Z",
"stored" : "2016-02-12T10:30:55+0100",
"object" : {"id" : "https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/view.php?id=51"}}, ...]
Click on Page 50
Click on Page 51](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/interaction-unleashedenslideshare-160212101421/85/Unleashing-Interaction-XAPI-and-Moodle-27-320.jpg)
![The Activity Stream
[{"id":"e3118f32-3753-4700-bb6a-4e1b5f939e13","timestamp":"2016-02-13T02:08:05.844Z","actor":
{"objectType":"Agent","openid":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/-
FDKeRx"},"verb":{"id":"http://mobinaut.org/xapi/verb/creative/ideacontribute"},"object":{"id":"https://
mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/view.php?id=53"},"context":{"statement":"b68b9c22-de8b-4b4c-
b6d2-88883b291d66"},"result":{"extensions":{"http://mobinaut.io/xapi/result/input":"ETH LET"}}},
{"id":"c905bac8-89d9-470d-94e7-44ad88744e76","timestamp":"2016-02-13T02:08:10.059Z","actor":
{"objectType":"Agent","openid":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/-
FDKeRx"},"verb":{"id":"http://mobinaut.org/xapi/verb/creative/ideacontribute"},"object":{"id":"https://
mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/view.php?id=53"},"context":{"statement":"b68b9c22-de8b-4b4c-
b6d2-88883b291d66"},"result":{"extensions":{"http://mobinaut.io/xapi/result/input":"Moodle Café"}}},
{"id":"cc5f752f-7e5c-4360-91f9-d28fd1d3df43","timestamp":"2016-02-13T02:08:14.750Z","actor":
{"objectType":"Agent","openid":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/-
FDKeRx"},"verb":{"id":"http://mobinaut.org/xapi/verb/reflective/ideaassociate"},"object":
{"id":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/view.php?id=53"},"context":{"statement":"b68b9c22-de8b-4b4c-
b6d2-88883b291d66"},"result":{"extensions":{"http://mobinaut.io/xapi/result/associate":
["block1","SAMOO"]}}},{"id":"3457f69f-fcf1-4bd0-b0fb-
a72923b6bbd5","timestamp":"2016-02-13T02:08:16.157Z","actor":{"objectType":"Agent","openid":"https://
mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/-FDKeRx"},"verb":{"id":"http://
mobinaut.org/xapi/verb/reflective/ideaassociate"},"object":{"id":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/
view.php?id=53"},"context":{"statement":"b68b9c22-de8b-4b4c-b6d2-88883b291d66"},"result":{"extensions":
{"http://mobinaut.io/xapi/result/associate":["block2","Moodle Moots"]}}},{"id":"35010d0b-a5fd-4154-
bebb-c77d79f0f448","timestamp":"2016-02-13T02:08:17.245Z","actor":
{"objectType":"Agent","openid":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/-
FDKeRx"},"verb":{"id":"http://mobinaut.org/xapi/verb/reflective/ideaassociate"},"object":
{"id":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/view.php?id=53"},"context":{"statement":"b68b9c22-de8b-4b4c-
b6d2-88883b291d66"},"result":{"extensions":{"http://mobinaut.io/xapi/result/associate":["block3","HTW
BLC"]}}},{"id":"147037b6-8b0d-492e-a21a-80ff5378c774","timestamp":"2016-02-13T02:08:18.446Z","actor":
{"objectType":"Agent","openid":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/-
FDKeRx"},"verb":{"id":"http://mobinaut.org/xapi/verb/reflective/ideaassociate"},"object":
{"id":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/view.php?id=53"},"context":{"statement":"b68b9c22-de8b-4b4c-
b6d2-88883b291d66"},"result":{"extensions":{"http://mobinaut.io/xapi/result/associate":
["block2","Blackboard"]}}},{"id":"ec488973-
a632-4347-85a5-1a0b6aa21f96","timestamp":"2016-02-13T02:08:19.805Z","actor":
{"objectType":"Agent","openid":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/-
FDKeRx"},"verb":{"id":"http://mobinaut.org/xapi/verb/reflective/ideaassociate"},"object":
{"id":"https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/view.php?id=53"},"context":{"statement":"b68b9c22-de8b-4b4c-
11 activities
recorded in
the example](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/interaction-unleashedenslideshare-160212101421/85/Unleashing-Interaction-XAPI-and-Moodle-34-320.jpg)
![Nested Activities from Step 2
{
"id" : "147037b6-8b0d-492e-a21a-80ff5378c774",
"object" : {
"id" : "https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/view.php?id=53"
},
"result" : {
"extensions" : {
"http://mobinaut.io/xapi/result/associate" : ["block2“,"Blackboard“]
}
},
"verb" : {
"id" : "http://mobinaut.org/xapi/verb/reflective/ideaassociate"
},
"actor" : {
"openid" : "https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/-FDKeRx",
"objectType" : "Agent"
},
"context" : {
"statement" : "b68b9c22-de8b-4b4c-b6d2-88883b291d66"
},
"timestamp" : "2016-02-13T02:08:18.446Z"
}
Categorisation Result
Link the framing
activity via its ID
The kind of
activity](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/interaction-unleashedenslideshare-160212101421/85/Unleashing-Interaction-XAPI-and-Moodle-36-320.jpg)
![The Activty State Document
{
"correcterms":3,
"ownterms":["ETH LET","Moodle Café"],
"association":{
"block1":[{"value":"SAMOO","match":1},
{"value":"Moodle Partners","match":0}],
"block2":[{"value":"Moodle Moots","match":0},
{"value":"Blackboard","match":1},
{"value":"Moodle Café","match":0}],
"block3":[{"value":"HTW BLC","match":0},
{"value":"ETH LET","match":0},
{"value":"Moodle User Association","match":1}]
}
}
Assessment
Result
Brainstorming
Result
Correct
Categorisation
Wrong
Categorisation
The state document storeswhat the activity needs](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/interaction-unleashedenslideshare-160212101421/85/Unleashing-Interaction-XAPI-and-Moodle-38-320.jpg)
Unleashing Interaction - XAPI and Moodle
- 1. FHO Fachhochschule Ostschweiz Unleashing Interaction XAPI and Moodle SAMOO Meeting Luzern 12. Feb. 2016 @phish108 @htwblc
- 2. XAPI and Moodle § XAPI Plug-in § Exposes Moodle Logs as XAPI Streams (Read only LRS) § PowerTLA Drop-In § Full XAPI LRS with Document Support § Configurable User Identification § Authorization Layer for Tools and Users § Client-side API my baby!
- 3. Why do I want XAPI? § Document student activities (E-Portfolios) § More flexible assessment § Gamification § Personalised OER § Tool integration LMS plugins are too complicated for building cool solutions
- 4. ActivityActivityity Activity Ac Activity Streams and Statements Context Actor Verb Object Result TimeAuthority UUID
- 5. The Basic XAPI Process
- 7. Senses learner activity Access a resource Take a test Post on a forum Update a Wiki page Upload an assignment LMS Sensors click scroll comment align
- 8. Senses learner activity GPS Light conditions Display orientationNoise levels Temperature Tactile (shake, turn) More Sensors NFC
- 9. Unlock a resource Example Actuators Makes VLEs respond Evaluate test scores Provide an assignment Update Portfolio Message updates Provide feedback
- 10. XAPI allows us to implement crazy complex learning environments VLEDigital Library Mobile App VLE LRS LRS ensor twork Mobile App LRS ensor twork Mobile App LRS Local Sensor Network Mobile App LRS Local Sensor Network VLE LRS VLE LRS VLE LRS Sensors Output Actuators Mobler Cards App LMS E-Portfolio System LRS LRS LRS nsor twork E-Portfolio System LRS E-Portfolio System LRS SCORM Mobile App LRS Local Sensor Network Simulation LRS Local Sensor Network VLE LRS VLE LRS E-Portfolio System LRS HR- Mangement System LRS SCORM PLE V LRS LR V LR CMI / LRS CMI / LRS Content Interaction Script Proxy Content DRM Just a few settings I toyed with
- 11. simple is best ... XAPI & Interactive Content Educational Resource LRS ActuatorSensor
- 12. XAPI & Interactive Content You have to code interactive resources HTML and JavaScript are mandatory Moodle Theme Client XAPI Moodle UI API Educational Resource Resource Logic (JavaScript) Moodle Server Moodle Logging API XAPI LRS Moodle Services Moodle Auth API
- 13. Educational Design and Privacy Issues with Moodle Moodle does not offer a privilege system that supports student collaboration § Logs are tool- and teacher-centric § Each activity can have separate privilege sets § Privileges are not object orientated § Privileges are agnostic towards social relations Hence, PowerTLA has no collaboration support
- 14. A Word on SCORM-style CMI AICC CMI (Computer Managed Instruction) New CMI-5 defines XAPI extensions and runtime requirements § Not always smartly, but it’s mainly for aviation people … New CMI-5 concerns no longer client APIs
- 15. Let’s have a closer look at the PowerTLA Client XAPI
- 16. PowerTLA Client XAPI § Event-based API discovery § Abstracts and exposes XAPI Logic § Context management § Documents § Provides meaningful default values § Actors (default: yourself) § Objects (default: the page you’re on) § Long-running and nested activities
- 17. PowerTLA Client XAPI Interfaces (WIP) lrs.setActor(actorObject) lrs.unsetActor() // Context Management lrs.startContext(contextObject) lrs.endContext(contextObject) lrs.clearContext() contextObject = lrs.getContext() // Activity Management actionUUID = lrs.startAction(verb, [objectURL]) actionUUID = lrs.recordAction(verb, [objectURL], [result]) lrs.finishAction(actionUUID, [result]) activityStream = lrs.getStream() activityStatement = lrs.lastAction() // State Documents lrs.setStateDoc(actionUUID, activityStateData) activityStateData = lrs.getStateDoc(actionUUID) lrs.ready(function()) lrs.enableAutoFinish() lrs.disableAutoFinish() // LRS Communication lrs.fetchMyActions(filter, function(stream)) lrs.fetchUserActions(filter, function(stream)) lrs.fetchActions(filter, function(stream)) lrs.fetchState(function(stateDoc), objectId, actionUUID, actorObject) lrs.push() lrs.pushStream() lrs.pushState() // Client Persistency lrs.store() lrs.load() lrs.flush()
- 18. PowerTLA turns the good old Page-Module into Activities The magic happens here
- 20. Simple Interaction Tracking <p class="clickTarget btn-large btn-primary span4" type="button">Click here</p> <script type="text/javascript" src="/tla/js/rsd.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/tla/js/lrs.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var verbClick = 'http://xapi.ch/verb/gui/click'; lrs && lrs.ready(function() { // init sensor $(".clickTarget").click(sensorFunction); }); function sensorFunction() { lrs.recordAction(verbClick); lrs.push(); } </script> Verify that PowerTLA is available Init the Interaction Sensor Record the Interaction Tell Moodle Our XAPI Verb
- 21. Reusing Past Interactions var verbClick = 'http://xapi.ch/verb/gui/click'; lrs && lrs.ready(function() { lrs.fetchMyActions({verb: verbCLick, object: document.location.href}, actuatorFunction); $(".clickTarget").click(sensorFunction); }); function actuatorFunction() { $("#myActionCount").text(lrs.getStream().length); } function sensorFunction() { lrs.recordAction(verbClick); actuatorFunction(); lrs.push(); } Fetch the personal activities from Moodle Filter only our XAPI verb Filter only the current page Look at the activities Update the actuator
- 22. Our XAPI Click Counter Actuator updated with every visit Click Sensor
- 24. The Statement more Readable { "timestamp" : "2016-02-12T09:30:54.869Z", "object" : { "id" : "https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/view.php?id=51" }, "id" : "3909970f-0b50-401f-9e12-0511435b8721", "actor" : { "openid" : "https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/YTxpSdh", "objectType" : "Agent" }, "stored" : "2016-02-12T10:30:55+0100", "verb" : { "id" : "http://xapi.ch/verb/gui/click" } }, The page we looked at PowerTLA controlled Student-ID Our XAPI verb All this has been generated by this JavaScript lrs.recordAction(verbClick); Student Time Moodle Time
- 25. Use Activities from other Resources var verbClick = 'http://xapi.ch/verb/gui/click'; lrs && lrs.ready(function() { lrs.fetchMyActions({verb: verCLick, object: document.location.href}, actuatorFunction); }); function actuatorFunction() { var activityStream = lrs.getStream(); $("#myActionCount").text(activityStream.length); // we can now analyse the individual objects in the activityStream ... } Remove the object filter to get all clicks
- 26. The Result are Cross Activity Analytics
- 28. Complex Interactions – Nested Activities mainUUID = lrs.startAction(mainActionVerb); lrs.startContext({"statement": mainUUID}); lrs.recordAction(nestedActionVerb); lrs.recordAction(nestedActionVerb); lrs.recordAction(nestedActionVerb); lrs.endContext({"statement": mainUUID}); lrs.finishAction(mainUUID); lrs.push(); Automaticaly link all following actions to the main activity Wrap things up and gather the results
- 29. Complex Interactions In Practice Brainstorming+Categorisation Activity The activity is just1 interactive Moodle page
- 30. Complex Interactions In Practice Step 1: Brainstorming Students enter their ideas Students mark when they are ready to proceed
- 31. Complex Interactions In Practice Step 2: Categorisation Student ideas are expanded with predefined terms Students drag&drop the ideas into predefined categories Students mark when they are finshed
- 32. Complex Interactions In Practice Step 3: Feedback Immediate Feedback and Results Provided Ideas Categorisation Accuracy
- 33. Complex Interactions In Practice Step 4: Flow-control (when visiting the page again) Students can perform the activity only once Students & teachers can look at the results
- 35. Nested Activities from Step 1 { "id" : "e3118f32-3753-4700-bb6a-4e1b5f939e13", "object" : { "id" : "https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/view.php?id=53" }, "result" : { "extensions" : { "http://mobinaut.io/xapi/result/input" : "ETH LET" } }, "actor" : { "openid" : "https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/-FDKeRx", "objectType" : "Agent" }, "verb" : { "id" : "http://mobinaut.org/xapi/verb/creative/ideacontribute" }, "timestamp" : "2016-02-13T02:08:05.844Z", "context" : { "statement" : "b68b9c22-de8b-4b4c-b6d2-88883b291d66" } } Student Input Result Link the framing activity via its ID The kind of activity lrs.startContext() creates the context for all following activities Passed to lrs.recordAction()
- 36. Nested Activities from Step 2 { "id" : "147037b6-8b0d-492e-a21a-80ff5378c774", "object" : { "id" : "https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/view.php?id=53" }, "result" : { "extensions" : { "http://mobinaut.io/xapi/result/associate" : ["block2“,"Blackboard“] } }, "verb" : { "id" : "http://mobinaut.org/xapi/verb/reflective/ideaassociate" }, "actor" : { "openid" : "https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/-FDKeRx", "objectType" : "Agent" }, "context" : { "statement" : "b68b9c22-de8b-4b4c-b6d2-88883b291d66" }, "timestamp" : "2016-02-13T02:08:18.446Z" } Categorisation Result Link the framing activity via its ID The kind of activity
- 37. The Framing Activity { "result" : { "duration" : "PT0H0M21S" }, "actor" : { "openid" : "https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/tla/restservice/identity/profile.php/user/-FDKeRx", "objectType" : "Agent" }, "object" : { "id" : "https://mdl-tst.htwchur.ch/mod/page/view.php?id=53" }, "id" : "b68b9c22-de8b-4b4c-b6d2-88883b291d66", "verb" : { "id" : "http://mobinaut.org/xapi/verb/creative/brainstormassign+state" }, "timestamp" : "2016-02-13T02:08:05.842Z" } The ID for the result document The verb tells us that there is a state document lrs.startAction() & lrs.finishAction() automatically produce the activity‘s duration
- 38. The Activty State Document { "correcterms":3, "ownterms":["ETH LET","Moodle Café"], "association":{ "block1":[{"value":"SAMOO","match":1}, {"value":"Moodle Partners","match":0}], "block2":[{"value":"Moodle Moots","match":0}, {"value":"Blackboard","match":1}, {"value":"Moodle Café","match":0}], "block3":[{"value":"HTW BLC","match":0}, {"value":"ETH LET","match":0}, {"value":"Moodle User Association","match":1}] } } Assessment Result Brainstorming Result Correct Categorisation Wrong Categorisation The state document storeswhat the activity needs
- 39. Conclusions § XAPI allows us to create lightweight activities for Moodle § The PowerTLA Client XAPI simplifies the activity tracking for interactive resources § The most complex part is the interaction design not the experience tracking
- 40. FHO Fachhochschule Ostschweiz Christian Glahn Blended Learning Center @phish108 @htwblc http://www.htwchur.ch http://xapi.ch https://github.com/phish108/PowerTLA