Untitled (19).pptx jshdj jeijeje ieiieie jie
- 1. TYPES OF CYTOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES Solid sample collection and Fine needle aspiration cytology
- 3. CYTOPATHOLOGY : DEFINITION •A morphologic study of cellular elements from throughout the body to identify specific pathologic conditions •After identifying the pathology, patient management and treatment can be initiated •Many methods are used to obtain cytological specimens
- 5. AREAS OF CYTOPATHOLOGY • THREE MAIN AREAS OF CYTOPATHOLOGY ARE • 1. GYNAECOLOGIC / PAP SLIDES • 2.NON GYNAECOLOGIC CYTOPATHOLOGY • 3.FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION
- 6. Gynaecologic / PAP Slides • Most successful cancer screening test in medicine • It helps in detecting CERVICAL CARCINOMA IN WOMEN • After its introduction, incidence of cervical carcinoma has reduced
- 7. Non gynaecologic cytopathology • Any LESION that can be DRAINED, BRUSHED, WASHED OR SCRAPED can be called a NON GYNAECOLOGIC CYTOPATHOLOGY SPECIMEN • SPECIMEN TYPES AND EXAMPLES ARE • 1. FLUID : Pleural fluid, ascitic fluid, peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, cystic fluid. • 2. BRUSHINGS : Bronchial brush, esophageal brush, gastric brush, common pancreatic, hepatic and bile duct brushes, urethra brush, ureter brush and renal pelvic brush
- 8. • 3. WASHINGS : Lung washings, pelvic wash, urniary bladder wash • 4. SCRAPE : TZANCK smear for herpes virus effect
- 9. Preparation and Processing : Fixation • Submission : Fresh unfixed material should be refrigerated until processed to prevent degeneration of cells • Fixation : ALCOHOL IS THE STANDARD FIXATIVE • Staining : Pap staining and Wright Geimsa stain ( Diff- Quik) , Both of these stains can be used in combination
- 10. PAP STAIN AND WRIGHT GIEMSA (DIFF QUIK) • Pap stain : • Highlights nuclear morphological details including distinct nuclear membrane and chromatin detail • Cytoplasm has blue green colour with keratinization showing organophilic decoration • Wright giemsa stain (Diff Quik) • Performed on slides that are first air dried • Then slides are placed in methanol fixative • Highlights lymphoid elements ,colloidal, matrix and mucin.
- 12. FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY • ANY PALPABLE LUMP OR DEEP SEATED LUMP APPRECIATED BY IMAGE GUIDANCE CAN BE SUBJECTED TO FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY • It is a micro biopsy • Allows immediate interpretive evaluation and triage • Real time adjustment of procedures
- 13. PRINCIPLE and TECHNIQUE OF FNAC • CELLS are obtained by using a thin bore needle with a cutting end and motion, it is a minimally invasive and accurate technique . • Beveled end of needle is inserted into lump • Capillary action and piston like motion is used • Negative pressure is useful but is not always required • Needle guage used is 22 to 27
- 18. Advantages