Urinary Tract Obstruction

Urinary tract obstruction can damage the kidneys and is a common cause of acute and chronic renal failure. It occurs when urine flow is blocked, elevating pressure in the urinary tract. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to minimize damage. Causes include congenital abnormalities, tumors, infections, stones, and prostate enlargement. Symptoms may include pain, difficulty urinating, and kidney damage leading to fluid and mineral imbalances. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, urine tests, ultrasound, CT, and cystoscopy. Treatment goals are relieving obstruction through drainage or surgery and treating any infections to prevent further kidney damage. Prognosis depends on how much reversible damage has occurred to the kidneys.