US History 2nd Class
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This document provides background information on European exploration and colonization in the 15th-16th centuries. It discusses the Spanish and Portuguese empires in the Americas, financed by funds confiscated from Spanish Jews forced out by the Inquisition. The Treaty of Tordesillas divided control of the new world between Spain and Portugal. It also notes the near elimination of the indigenous population in Mexico within a century due to warfare, famine, disease and lower birth rates, reducing the population by 90%. French colonialism focused on fur trading while English colonialism began through slavery and plunder.
US History 2nd Class
- 1. US history, 2nd classWestern Europeans before & during exploration and colonization
- 3. 15 & 16th c peasant life
- 4. Pieter Bruegel (1525 – 1569)Flemish painter & printmaker
- 10. Pieter Aertsen, mid – late 16th c.
- 12. What’s happening in Europe?1492 – 1501 – Spanish Inquisition requires conversion or departure of Jews & Muslims. Sephardic Jews depart & many settle in Izmir. 1517 – Martin Luther writes 95 Theses & nails to church door in Wittenberg. He breaks with Rome & begins the Protestant Reformation. 1558 – 1603 -- Elizabeth I rules England. 1588 – England defeats the Spanish Armada.
- 13. Christopher Columbus“All the inhabitants could be made slaves.”
- 14. Within one generation of CC…exchanges ofpeoplecropsanimalsgerms profoundly changed the Atlantic world. Voyages were financed by funds confiscated from Spanish Jews, forced out by Inquisition.
- 15. Spanish & Portuguese exploration
- 16. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)also known as Papal Demarcation Line of 1494divided the “New World” between Spain & Portugalresults todayBrazilian speak Portuguesecountries where Spain maintained control speak Spanish
- 18. Spanish Empire
- 19. Bartolome de las CasasDestruction of the Indies (1552)denounced conquerors.goal was to Christianize –“not to rob, to scandalize, to capture or destroy them, or to lay waste their lands.”reported huge population losses. One century after 1519, Mexico had decline from 25 million to 1 million.
- 20. decline of Indian population until 1900WarfareFamineLower birth rateEpidemic diseases90% decline.Major difference with European colonialism in Africa & Asia – not a radical reduction of native population.
- 21. Northern AmericaFrench – commerce rather than conquest. Furs traded for textiles, glass, copper, ironware. St. Lawrence River & Great Lakes
- 22. French colonialism By 1600, 1,000 ships annually trading for furs.
- 23. English colonialism1562 – John Hawkins transported African slaves to Caribbean, violating Spanish law.Walter Raleigh – “he that commands the sea commands the trade.”Francis Drake – raids against Spanish New World ports & fleets. Slavery & plunder began English involvement.Spain & England main rivals in Catholic/Protestant confrontation.
- 24. Francis Drake (English)1577 – 1580 – 2nd circumnavigation of globe
- 25. Pt. Reyes, north of San Francisco, explored by Drake
Editor's Notes
- #3: http://www.demotix.com/sites/default/files/imagecache/large_610x456_scaled/photos/french-are-coming-peninsular-war-bicentenary-portugal_390318.jpghttp://www.rolandcollection.com/lib/img/data/25-600.gif
- #4: The Peasant Wedding (1568) - Pieter Brueghel the Elder
- #5: Pieter Brueghel
- #9: Pieter Brueghel, Hunters in the Snow
- #11: House of Ill Repute, Pieter Aertsen, 1560s
- #12: Pieter Aertsen, mid to late 16th c
- #22: http://www.xtimeline.com/__UserPic_Large/101567/evt110315184200071.jpg
- #23: http://www.xtimeline.com/__UserPic_Large/101567/evt110315184200071.jpg
- #25: http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/tudors/images/explorer/map.jpg