2. Public speaking – (page 4)
Audience-centered – (page 4)
oPublic Speaking is a situation in which an individual speaks to a group
of people, assuming responsibility for speaking for a defined length of
time.
oAudience-centered refers to acknowledging an audience’s
expectations and situations before, during, and after a speech.
3. Rhetoric – (page 7)
oRhetoric refers to Aristotle’s term for public speaking. Today this is
called audience-centered communication.
oAdapting to audiences and building your credibility as a speaker form
major parts of the audience-centered approach.
4. The Five Arts of Public Speaking
Invention – (page 8)
Arrangement – (page 8)
Style – (page 8)
Memory – (page 8)
Delivery – (page 8)
5. oInvention focuses on what you have or want to say in a speech, such
as by choosing a topic and developing good arguments.
oArrangement refers to how you organize your ideas in a speech.
oStyle involves the language you use to bring a speech’s content to life.
oMemory refers to using the ability to recall information to give an
effective speech.
oDelivery is the moment when a speech goes public – when it is
presented to an audience. (your voice, gestures, body movement)
6. Storytelling
Most people love to hear stories.
Stories not only entertain, but they also help both storytellers and
listeners understand the world.
In this regard, stories form part of the foundation of public speaking.
Narrative – (page 9)
oNarrative refers to a story used in a speech or other form of
communication.
7. Forms of Communication
Mass media – (page 15)
Information technology – (page 15)
Personal communications technology – (page 15)
Face-to-face – (page 15)
10. oSpeaker refers to the person who assumes the primary responsibility
for conveying a message in a public communication context.
oMessage refers to the words and nonverbal cues a speaker uses to
convey ideas, feelings, and thoughts.
oChannel refers to a mode or medium of communication.
oAudience refers to the intended recipients of a speaker’s message.
11. Noise refers to anything that interferes with the understanding of a
message.
Feedback refers to audience members’ responses to a speech.
Context refers to the situation within which a speech is given.
Environment refers to the external surroundings that influence a
public speaking event.