Utilisation of wild genetic resources for hpr
- 1. By Bhavyasree RK PhD Genetics and Plant Breeding
- 2. Crop wild relatives (CWR) are wild plant species closely related to crops, including wild ancestors They have an indirect use as gene donors for crop improvement due to their relatively close genetic relationship to crops They are an important socio‐economic resource that offer novel genetic diversity required to maintain future food security.
- 3. Two cultivated (2 n = 24, AA) ◦ Oryza sativa ◦ O. glaberrima 22 wild species (2 n = 24, 48) - AA, BB, CC, BBCC, CCDD, EE, FF, GG, KKLL, and HHJJ genome types
- 4. Sanchez et al, 2013
- 5. African gallmidge, nematodes, nematodes Stemborer Oryza minuta BPH, GLH Resistance to striped stemborer Oryza brachyantha yellow stemborer, leaf folder, whorl maggot Oryza officinalis Thrips,BPH,GLH,WBPH Oryza ridleyi BPH,BB,zigzag leafhopper stem borer,whorl maggot
- 6. Wheat Cultivated species Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) 2n=6x=42 Durum wheat (T. turgidum) 2n=4x=28 Wild species Six diploids 2n=14 Seven tetraploids 2n=4x=28 Three hexaploids 2n=6x=42
- 7. F1 sterile Chromosomal doubling F1 sterile Chromosomal doubling Evolution of hexaploid wheat
- 8. Ploidy Species Common name Genome DIPLOID (2n=14) Triticum boeticum (T. aegilopoides) Wild einkorn AA T. monococcum einkorn AA TETRAPLOID (2n=28) T. dococcoides Wild emmer AABB T. dicoccum emmer AABB T. durum Macaroni wheat AABB T. persicum Persian wheat AABB T. turgidum River wheat AABB T.polonicum Polish wheat AABB T.timopheevi - AABB HEXAPLOID 2n=42 T.aestivum Common/bread wheat AABBDD T.compactum Club wheat AABBDD T.sphaerococcum Dwarf wheat AABBDD T.spelta Spelta wheat AABBDD T. macha Macha wheat AABBDD
- 9. TRAIT LOCUS SOURCE Hessasin fly H21 S. cereale H23,H24 T. tauschii H27 Ag. ventricosa Cereal cyst nematode Cre3 T. tauschii
- 10. S. nitidum - Found in kodai hills. Processes for shoot fly resistance and dormancy. Heterosorghum, Parasorghum and Stiposorghum showed high levels of resistance to the spotted stem borer.
- 11. Wild species S.spontaneum S.robustum S.spontaneum, 2n=40-128 Wild species, found in Indonesia and New Guinea. Imparted tolerance to stress, diseases and pest, hardiness and ratooning ability to present day cultivars.