![Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and
operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC,
a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S.
Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under
contract DE-NA0003525.
SAND No. ____________
References
[1] T. A. Nguyen, D. A. Copp, R. H. Byrne, B. R. Chalamala, “Market Evaluation of Energy Storage Systems
Incorporating Technology-specific Nonlinear Models,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 34, no. 5,
pp. 3706 – 3715, April 2019.
[2] Byrne, R. H., Nguyen, T. A., Copp, D. A., Chalamala, B. R., & Gyuk, I, “Energy Management and
Optimization Methods for Grid Energy Storage Systems,” in IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 13231-13260, 2018.
[3] T. A. Nguyen, D. A. Copp, R. H. Byrne, “Stacking Revenue of Energy Storage System from Resilience, T&D
Deferral and Arbitrage,” accepted for the 2019 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Aug 2019,
Atlanta, GA.
[4] D. A. Copp, T. A. Nguyen, and R. H. Byrne, “Adaptive Model Predictive Control for Real-time Dispatch of
Energy Storage systems,” accepted for the 2019 IEEE American Control Conference, Jul 2019, Philadelphia, PA.
[5] A. Ingalalli, A. Luna, V. Durvasulu, T. Hansen, R. Tonkoski, D. A. Copp, T. A. Nguyen, “Energy Storage
Systems in Emerging Electricity Markets: Frequency Regulation and Resiliency,” accepted the 2019 IEEE Power
and Energy Society General Meeting, Aug 2019, Atlanta, GA.
[6] T. A. Nguyen and R. H. Byrne, “Optimal Time-of-Use Management with Power Factor Correction Using
Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage Systems,” in the proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Power and Energy Society
General Meeting, Aug 2018, Portland, OR. (Selected for Best Paper Session in Power System Planning, Operation,
and Electricity Markets.)
[7] T. A. Nguyen, R. Rigo-Mariani, M. Ortega-Vazquez, D.S. Kirschen, “Voltage Regulation in Distribution Grid
Using PV Smart Inverters,” in the proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,
Aug 2018, Portland, OR.
[8] R. H. Byrne and T. A. Nguyen, “Opportunities for Energy Storage in CAISO,” in the proceedings of the 2018
IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Aug 2018, Portland, OR.
[9] D. A. Copp, T. A. Nguyen and R. H. Byrne, “Optimal Sizing of Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage with
Stochastic Load and PV Generation for Islanded Operation,” in the proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Power and
Energy Society General Meeting, Aug 2018, Portland, OR.
[10] T. A. Nguyen, R. H. Byrne, B. R. Chalamala and I. Gyuk, “Maximizing The Revenue of Energy Storage
Systems in Market Areas Considering Nonlinear Storage Efficiencies,” in the proceedings of the 2018 IEEE
Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM 2018), June 2018,
Amalfi, Italy.
[11] R. H. Byrne, T. A. Nguyen, D. A. Copp and I. Gyuk, “Opportunities for Energy Storage in CAISO: Day-
Ahead and Real-Time Market Arbitrage,” in the proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Symposium on Power
Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM 2018), June 2018, Amalfi, Italy.
[12] Christoph Lackner, T. A. Nguyen, Raymond H. Byrne and Frank Wiegandt, “Energy Storage Participation in
the German Secondary Regulation Market,” in the proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Transmission and Distribution
Conference and Exposition, Apr 2018, Denver, CO.
[13] T. A. Nguyen, R. H. Byrne, R. Conception, and I. Gyuk, “Maximizing Revenue from Electrical Energy
Storage in MISO Energy & Frequency Regulation Markets,” in Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Power Energy
Society General Meeting, Chicago, IL, July 2017, pp. 1–5.
[14] T. A. Nguyen and R. H. Byrne, " Maximizing the Cost-savings for Time-of-use and Net-metering Customers
Using Behind-the-meter Energy Storage Systems," in Proceedings of the 2017 North American Power
Symposium, Morgan Town, WV, 2017, pp. 1-7.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tunguyenpr19poster1-191203235706/85/Utilization-of-Existing-Generation-Fleet-Using-Large-Scale-Energy-Storage-Systems-2-320.jpg)
Utilization of Existing Generation Fleet Using Large Scale Energy Storage Systems
- 1. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. SAND No. ____________ Utilization of Existing Generation Fleet Using Large Scale Energy Storage Systems Tu A. Nguyen and Raymond H. Byrne Email: tunguy@sandia.gov, rhbyrne@sandia.gov Abstract In this work we developed an optimization framework to evaluate the benefit of large-scale energy storage system (ESS) for utilizing an existing generation fleet that often operates at suboptimal working conditions due to peaky nature of the load. The objective is to find the optimal schedule for thermal units and the ESS that minimizes the daily system operating cost. Case studies are conducted to evaluate the operating cost savings by using ESSs for a utility company in Alaska. Methodology An MILP problem is formulated to find the optimal schedule for thermal units and the energy storage system (ESS) that minimizes the daily operating cost of a generation fleet. The constraints of this problem include: • Energy storage constraints: state of charge constraints. • Power balance constraint: load must be met. • Reserve constraint: minimum spinning reserve must be met. The assumptions include: • ESS operation does not impact hydro scheduling. • Maximum capacities of transmission lines have not been reached (i.e., congestions do not occur.) Formulation Conclusions In this study, the benefits of large-scale energy storage system (ESS) for utilizing an existing generation fleet have been studied. Specifically, the contributions include: 1. An optimization framework for scheduling ESS and thermal units to minimize operation cost; 2. Results from case studies for a utility in Alaska. Funding provided by US DOE Energy Storage Program managed by Dr. Imre Gyuk of the DOE Office of Electricity. Case Studies – Annual Savings Case Studies –Thermal Units Schedule Objective function: Storage constraints: Case Studies Case studies are conducted to evaluate the operating cost savings by using ESSs for a utility company in Alaska: • 1 combined cycle, 4 gas units • Minimum spinning reserve: 10MW if not islanded, 40MW if islanded. • Natural gas price: 7.92/Mcf. • Variable O&M cost and start-up cost for each unit are given in the following table. Power balance constraint: Acknowledgements Reserve constraint: Unit 1 Combined Cycle Unit 2 Natural Gas Unit 3,4,5 Natural Gas Variable O&M $130/hour $258/hour $300/hour Start-up Cost $1535/start $2350/start $1075/start Fuel Cost ($) O&M Cost ($) Start-up Cost ($) Annual Total ($) Annual Saving ($) Case 1 – No ESS 31,015,209 1,238,940 154,150 32,408,299 Case 2 – 40MW/10MWh 30,700,007 1,218,237 59,810 31,978,055 430,244 Case 3 – 40MW/20MWh 30,681,801 1,227,761 24,845 31,934,407 473,891 Case 4 – 40MW/40MWh 30,723,217 1,178,834 15,445 31,917,496 490,802 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 1 101 201 301 401 501 601 701 801 901 1001 1101 1201 1301 1401 1501 1601 1701 1801 1901 2001 2101 2201 2301 2401 2501 2601 2701 2801 2901 3001 3101 3201 3301 3401 3501 3601 3701 3801 3901 4001 4101 4201 4301 4401 4501 4601 4701 4801 4901 5001 5101 5201 5301 5401 5501 5601 5701 5801 5901 6001 6101 6201 6301 6401 6501 6601 6701 6801 6901 7001 7101 7201 7301 7401 7501 7601 7701 7801 7901 8001 8101 8201 8301 8401 8501 8601 8701 Unit 2 - Schedule Unit 2 - Schedule - No ESS Unit 2 - Schedule - 40MW/10MWh ESS 1021118
- 2. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. SAND No. ____________ References [1] T. A. Nguyen, D. A. Copp, R. H. Byrne, B. R. Chalamala, “Market Evaluation of Energy Storage Systems Incorporating Technology-specific Nonlinear Models,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 3706 – 3715, April 2019. [2] Byrne, R. H., Nguyen, T. A., Copp, D. A., Chalamala, B. R., & Gyuk, I, “Energy Management and Optimization Methods for Grid Energy Storage Systems,” in IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 13231-13260, 2018. [3] T. A. Nguyen, D. A. Copp, R. H. Byrne, “Stacking Revenue of Energy Storage System from Resilience, T&D Deferral and Arbitrage,” accepted for the 2019 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Aug 2019, Atlanta, GA. [4] D. A. Copp, T. A. Nguyen, and R. H. Byrne, “Adaptive Model Predictive Control for Real-time Dispatch of Energy Storage systems,” accepted for the 2019 IEEE American Control Conference, Jul 2019, Philadelphia, PA. [5] A. Ingalalli, A. Luna, V. Durvasulu, T. Hansen, R. Tonkoski, D. A. Copp, T. A. Nguyen, “Energy Storage Systems in Emerging Electricity Markets: Frequency Regulation and Resiliency,” accepted the 2019 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Aug 2019, Atlanta, GA. [6] T. A. Nguyen and R. H. Byrne, “Optimal Time-of-Use Management with Power Factor Correction Using Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage Systems,” in the proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Aug 2018, Portland, OR. (Selected for Best Paper Session in Power System Planning, Operation, and Electricity Markets.) [7] T. A. Nguyen, R. Rigo-Mariani, M. Ortega-Vazquez, D.S. Kirschen, “Voltage Regulation in Distribution Grid Using PV Smart Inverters,” in the proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Aug 2018, Portland, OR. [8] R. H. Byrne and T. A. Nguyen, “Opportunities for Energy Storage in CAISO,” in the proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Aug 2018, Portland, OR. [9] D. A. Copp, T. A. Nguyen and R. H. Byrne, “Optimal Sizing of Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage with Stochastic Load and PV Generation for Islanded Operation,” in the proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Aug 2018, Portland, OR. [10] T. A. Nguyen, R. H. Byrne, B. R. Chalamala and I. Gyuk, “Maximizing The Revenue of Energy Storage Systems in Market Areas Considering Nonlinear Storage Efficiencies,” in the proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM 2018), June 2018, Amalfi, Italy. [11] R. H. Byrne, T. A. Nguyen, D. A. Copp and I. Gyuk, “Opportunities for Energy Storage in CAISO: Day- Ahead and Real-Time Market Arbitrage,” in the proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM 2018), June 2018, Amalfi, Italy. [12] Christoph Lackner, T. A. Nguyen, Raymond H. Byrne and Frank Wiegandt, “Energy Storage Participation in the German Secondary Regulation Market,” in the proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, Apr 2018, Denver, CO. [13] T. A. Nguyen, R. H. Byrne, R. Conception, and I. Gyuk, “Maximizing Revenue from Electrical Energy Storage in MISO Energy & Frequency Regulation Markets,” in Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Power Energy Society General Meeting, Chicago, IL, July 2017, pp. 1–5. [14] T. A. Nguyen and R. H. Byrne, " Maximizing the Cost-savings for Time-of-use and Net-metering Customers Using Behind-the-meter Energy Storage Systems," in Proceedings of the 2017 North American Power Symposium, Morgan Town, WV, 2017, pp. 1-7.