Vaccinationspclass 090903125222 Phpapp02
- 1. PREVENTIVE PEDIATRICS DR. DENNIS V. S. DELLOSA Chairman Clinical Pediatrics
- 2. DTaP VACCINE
- 3. What kind of vaccine is DTaP? The diphtheria and tetanus components are inactivated toxins called a toxoids. For the pertussis component of DTaP and Tdap vaccines, purified components of the bacterium are grown and then inactivated.
- 4. How is this vaccine given? The DTaP vaccine is given as an Intramuscular injection.
- 5. For children, how many doses of DTaP vaccine are required? Children up 2 months – 6 years: A series of 4 doses given at 2, 4, 6, and 15-18 months of age. A 5 th shot, or booster dose, is recommended at 4-6 years of age, unless the fourth dose was given late (after the fourth birthday). A booster dose of Td (adult tetanus and diphtheria) is recommended every ten years. The new Tdap vaccine can be substituted for one booster dose of adult Td.
- 6. Should adults who weren't immunized as children receive this vaccine as adults? Children 7 years and older without documentation of DTaP vaccination should receive a primary series of three doses of Tetanus-diphtheria toxoid (Td). The first 2 doses should be separated by 4 - 8 weeks, and the 3rd dose given 6 - 12 months after the second dose. Tdap vaccine can be substituted for one of these three doses, preferably the first dose for persons 11 years and older.
- 7. How safe is this vaccine? The most common reactions are Soreness, redness, and swelling at the injection site. Mild fever Loss of appetite Tiredness Vomiting
- 8. Who should NOT receive diphtheria vaccine? People who have had a serious allergic reaction to one dose of DTaP, DT, Td, or Tdap vaccine. Persons with a moderate or severe illness should postpone receiving the vaccine until their condition has improved.
- 9. What adverse side effects have been reported with this vaccine? Moderate to serious reactions include: Crying for three hours or more High fever Collapse or shock-like state Convulsions within three days Believed to be due to the pertussis component of the vaccine
- 10. HEPATITIS B VACCINE
- 11. What kind of vaccine is Hepatitis B vaccine? Hepatitis B vaccines are recombinant DNA vaccines. They are produced by inserting the gene for HBV into common baker's yeast where it is grown, harvested, and purified.
- 12. How is this vaccine given? Intramuscular Injection
- 13. Who should get this vaccine? Recommended for all infants and children 0 -18 years of age beginning at birth in the hospital. Can be given to any person who desires protection from Hepatitis B.
- 14. What groups of adults are at increased risk of HBV infection? Healthcare workers and public safety workers with reasonably anticipated risk for exposure to blood or blood-contaminated body fluids Men who have sex with men Sexually active people who are not in long-term, mutually monogamous relationships People seeking evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted disease Current or recent injection drug users
- 15. Inmates of long-term correctional facilities People with end-stage kidney disease, including predialysis, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and home dialysis patients Staff and residents of institutions or group homes for the developmentally challenged Household members and sex partners of people with chronic HBV infection
- 16. Why is this vaccine recommended for all babies? First , babies and young children have a very high risk for developing chronic HBV infection if they become infected at a young age. Second , early childhood infection occurs. Third , long-term protection following infant vaccination is expected to last for decades. Moreover, hepatitis B vaccine is the first vaccine to prevent cancer--HBV-related liver cancer.
- 17. What is the recommended schedule for HBV? HBV should be given an birth. The minimum recommended dosing intervals are 4 weeks between the 1 st and 2 nd doses and 8 weeks between the 2 nd and 3 rd doses. The minimum interval between the 1 st and 3 rd doses is 16 weeks.
- 18. Who should NOT receive hepatitis B vaccine? Serious allergic reaction to one dose of hepatitis B vaccine Hypersensitivity to common backer’s yeast
- 19. POLIO VACCINE
- 20. What kind of vaccine is IPV? Inactivated virus vaccine
- 21. How is the vaccine administered? IPV is given as an IM injection.
- 22. Who should get this vaccine? All infants should get this vaccine. A primary series of IPV consists of 3 properly spaced doses, usually given at 2, 4, and 6 - 18 months. A booster dose is given at 4 - 6 years (before or at school entry).
- 23. What side effects have been reported with this vaccine? Possible side effects include minor local reactions at the site of injection (e.g., pain, redness).
- 24. Who should not receive the polio vaccine? Those with life-threatening allergic reaction to neomycin, streptomycin, or polymyxin B. Anyone who had a severe allergic reaction to a dose of polio vaccine should not get another one. Anyone who is moderately or severely ill at the scheduled time.