VED1-PPT-FOR-REPORT in values education subject
- 1. PRESENTED BY: Solutan, Jairo Sta. Ana, Meljane Yago, Alveann Timbal, Clarice 2.2 KOHLBERG’S STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT VED 1: Good Manners and Right Conduct
- 2. Lawrence Kohlberg Was a American psychologist and a graduate student from the University of Chicago, Best known for his theory of stages of moral development. His work about the stages of moral development constitute an adaptation of a psychological theory originally conceived by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget.
- 3. Lawrence Kohlberg His theory holds that moral reasoning, a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for ethical behavior,has six developmental stages, each more adequate at responding to moral dilemmas than its predecessor. The six stages of moral development occur in phases of pre-conventional, conventional and post- conventional morality. For his studies, Kohlberg relied on stories such as the Heinz dilemma
- 4. Heinz Dilemma A woman was near death from cancer. One drug might save her, a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The druggist was charging $2,000.00, ten times what the drug cost him to make. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get together about half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said "no." The husband got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug for his wife. Should the husband have done that? .... Why do you think so?
- 5. Lawrence Kohlberg interested in how individuals would justify their actions if placed in similar moral dilemmas. He analyzed the form of moral reasoning displayed, rather than its conclusion and classified it into one of six stages
- 7. LEVEL 1: PRE-CONVENTIONAL MORALITY • It last until around the age of 9. • are primarily shaped by the expectations of adults and the consequences of breaking rules
- 8. At this stage, the individual: • Obeys rules in order to avoid punishment. • Determines of right and wrong by what is punish and what is not punish. STAGE 1: OBEDIENCE AND PUNISHMENT
- 9. • Children at this stage are not motivated by friendship or respect but by the personal advantages involved. STAGE 2: INDIVIDUALISM AND EXCHANGE
- 10. LEVEL 2: CONVENTIONAL LEVEL GROUP CENTERED • (age 10-13) • People focus on following social norms and customs. • begin to internalize the moral standards of valued adult role models. • Reasoning is based on the norms of the group to which the person belongs.
- 11. STAGE 3: GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS • The child/individual is good to be seen as being a good person by others. Therefore, answers relate to the approval of others • Also known as “good boy-good girl” orientation. • focused on living up to social expectations and roles. • emphasis on conformity, being “nice”. • consider how choices influence relationships.
- 12. • emphasizes the maintenance of happy interpersonal relationships and pleasing others. • a need to avoid rejection, disaffection, or disapproval from others.
- 13. STAGE 4: LAW AND ORDER MORALITY • The child/individual becomes aware of the wider rules of society, so judgments concern obeying the rules to uphold the law and avoid guilt. • consider society as a whole when making judgements. • the focus is on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty and respecting authority.
- 14. • Adulthood; Rare • People develop an understanding of abstract principles of morality. LEVEL 3: POSTCONVENTIONAL MORALITY
- 15. STAGE 5: SOCIAL CONTRACT AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS • People begin to account for the differing values, opinions, and beliefs of other people. • Rules of law are important for maintaining a society, but members of the society should agree upon these standards.
- 16. STAGE 6 - UNIVERSAL ETHICAL PRINCIPLES • Based upon universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning. • At this stage, people follow these internalized principles of justice, even if they conflict with laws and rules.