Video display devices
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Video monitors use cathode ray tubes to display output. In a cathode ray tube, an electron gun fires a beam of electrons that is focused and deflected to hit phosphor on the screen, causing it to glow. The beam rapidly redraws the image to keep the screen illuminated, in a process called refresh. Key components of the electron gun include a heated cathode that emits electrons, an accelerating anode that speeds up the electrons, and control and focusing systems that shape the beam. When electrons hit phosphor, their energy causes the phosphor to glow briefly.
Video display devices
- 1. Video Display Devices Primary output Device – Video Monitor Video monitors are based on standard Cathode ray tube (CRT) design. Refresh Cathode Ray Tubes:- Working A beam of electrons (cathode rays), emitted by an electron gun, passed through focusing & deflecting system that direct the beam towards specified positions on the phosphor coated screen.
- 2. The phosphor emits a small spot of light at each position contacted by the electron screen. For maintaining the screen picture glowing redraw the picture repeatedly by quickly directing the electron beam back over the same points. This type of display is called a refresh CRT.
- 3. Basic Design of a CRT and Operation of an electon gun with an accelerating anode.
- 4. Primary Components of electron gun in CRT are:- 1.) Heated metal cathode: Heating Filament causes –vely charged electrons to “boiled off” and accelerate towards phosphor coated screen by a high +ve voltage. 2.) Accelerating anode: The accelerating voltage can be generated with a +vely charged metal coating on the inside of CRT envelop near the phosphor screen, or we can say Accelerating anode can be used.
- 5. 3.) Control grid: It is a metal cylinder fits over cathode and used to control the intensity of electron beam by setting the voltage level. 4.) Focusing System: need to force the electron beam to converge into a small spot. Otherwise, electron would repel each other and beam will spread out. 5.) Deflection Coils: Deflection can be controlled either with electric field or magnetic field.
- 6. How the spot of light produced? The Kinetic energy of electron is absorbed by phosphor. Part of beam energy is converted by friction into heat energy and remainder causes phosphor atom to move up to higher quantum energy levels. After short time, “ excited” phosphour atom come back to stable ground state, giving up their extra energy as small quantum of light energy.
- 7. Basic properties of phosphors: Phosphors Persistence: The time it takes the emitted light from the screen to decay to one-tenth of its original intensity. Low persitance require high refresh rate for eg animations. High persistance is used for complex, static pictures, monitors in the range from 10 to 60 microseconds.
- 8. Resolution: The max no. of pts that can be displayed without overlap on a CRT is referred to as resolution. OR No. of pts per centimeter that can be plotted horizontally and vertically. Intensity Distribution: of a spot on the screen is greatest at the center of the spot, and decrease with a gaussian distribution out to the edges of the spot.
- 9. Aspect Ratio: It is the ratio of vertical pts to horizontal pts necessary to produce equal length lines in both directions on the screen. Aspect ratio ¾ means that a vertical line plotted with 3 pts has the same length as a horizontal line plotted with 4 pts.
- 10. Aspect Ratio: It is the ratio of vertical pts to horizontal pts necessary to produce equal length lines in both directions on the screen. Aspect ratio ¾ means that a vertical line plotted with 3 pts has the same length as a horizontal line plotted with 4 pts.