Virtual Reality and Augmented reality: A Study on their Applications

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 798
Virtual Reality and Augmented reality: A Study on their Applications
Saynee Paul, Koushik Pal, Suniket Pradhan, Snehasish Bera
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India
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Abstract - Since, in the 1860s scientists hasstartedworking
on the field of Virtual Reality and in 1992s scientists has
started working on Augmented Reality as well. After usingthe
V.R and A.R technology the entertainmentworldincreasetheir
level. Not only has the entertainment worldthesetechnologies
have a huge contribution in had various fielded such as
education, tourism, and museum. One very important
implementation of V.R technology is in surgeries like plastic
surgery, orthopedic surgery, as well as A.R technology gives a
perfect idea to the user about a new building or land. V.R
technology is basically an animated formation of a real look,
with the help of hardware and software the artificial
environment are created in Virtual Reality. Whereas,
Augmented Reality is a mixture of real and digital worlds. It’s
helps the user to enhance their experience in the real world.
Augmented Reality is such a biggest invention for the world.
Key Words: Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Plastic
Surgery, Educational Field, Artificial Environment.
1. INTRODUCTION
With the Advancement of Technology, We Humans are able
to work efficiently and faster. From communication to
entertainment. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality
(AR) are two technologies that are changing the way we use
screens, creating new and exciting interactive experiences.
Virtual reality uses a headset to place you in a computer-
generated world that you can explore. While Augmented
reality takes digital images andlayersthemonthereal world
around you through the use of either a clear visor or
smartphone. According to the recent survey in 2020, there
are around 50.2 million VR users and 83.7 million AR users
in the U.S. There were an estimated 171 million VR users
worldwide in 2018. As of 2020, the VR gaming industry is
estimated to be worth $1.1 billion. 25- to 34-year-olds
account for 23% of VR/AR device users.
As of 2019, Sony holds the largest percentage of the VR
market at 36.7%. Now we can discuss about the types of A.R
and V.R
1.1. AUGMENTED REALITY
The AUGMENTED REALITY is a combination of elements of
virtual world with the users thought towards the actual or
real world.In early of 1990s A.R was invented for the very
first time, that time it was only provided mixture of
immersive with real experience to the users. In 1992 the
devilment of virtual fixtures system at Armstrong
Laboratory in U.S Air Force, then time by time it were
introduced in gaming and entertainment world and by the
time the application of A.R have extend over many subjects
like education, medicine , communication.
1.2. VIRTUAL REALITY
The VIRTUAL REALITY’s reference was coming from the
concept of science fiction, but the first attempt was not
successful maybe because of it is idea to formulated an
annotation of an alternative presence. In 1860s the
important contain of virtual reality was invented. Antonin
Artaud was realized that illusion is equivalent to the reality.
with the help of the technology in 20th century there were a
huge invention of V.R field like in 1962, Morton Heilig made
a Sensorama which is basically displayed a film while all
senses (sound, touch, sight and smell) . In the year
1968,Ivan Sutherland and Bod Sproull his student they both
had created the first head-mounted. There was lots of
invention on the V.R field.In between[1970-1990] DavidEm
was became the first inventorofproducing navigabledata.In
1985 there was a company named VPL Research was
manufactured many V.R devices like Data-Glove,Eye-Phone,
Audio-Sphere .In the year 1991, Sega reviled the headset for
the Mega Drive for home purposes like LCD screens, Stereo
headphones. E .T.C.
2. VIRTUAL REALITY vs AUGMENTED REALITY
In terms of VIRTUAL REALITY the user thought of real-
things are fully depends on virtual data. Whereas in terms of
AUGMENTED REALITY the user is also get more data which
is generated by computer and it will help to increase their
thoughts of reality. For an example, in architecture field
,using the V.R technology a person can go-through and
assume the indoor view of the building. And otherside using
A.R technology a person can show the structure of the
building and able to understand the allover systems as well
on a basics of real view.
V.R technology can be classify. The classifications are given
below:
1. Non-immersive Virtual Reality.
2. Fully Immersive Virtual Reality.
3. Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality.
4. Augmented Reality.
5. Collaborative VR.

As well as A.R also can be classify. The classifications are ;
1. AR based on markers.
2. AR without markers.
3. Location-based AR.
4. Projection –based AR.
5. Overlay AR.
6. Controlled –based AR
Using V.R technology in a working field is so advantageous
like;
Virtual reality can create such a realistic world which can
easily connect to the users.
The help of Virtual Reality a person can be able to
experiment with an unnatural or artificial environment.
In educational field Virtual Reality have a huge role, like
education get easier and comfortable as well as learning
process increases day by day.
Using the Virtual Reality the medical fields also increase as
with the help of this technology doctors can determine the
uses as well as side-effects
Some drawbacks or disadvantages of V.R technology are;
Although V.R can provide an amazing experience butit’snot
affordable for everyone as it is not available in the market in
low price.
The methodology which is use in V.R is complicated.
Anyone can be addicted with a thing if they get involve with
this for such a long time, this is also happening in the case of
V.R. so the obsession of playing game for long time can
effected.
A.R technologies also have so many advantages like:
Augmented Reality can help to increases experience. Except
using A.R technology it can’t be even possible to go to the
depth of any project like a building or a landmark, and the
user can easily able to determine the position and also the
different angles of this building.
A.R is very easy to handle for the users for an example, if you
want to buy a spectacles via online which is perfect
according to your face then you can install the app and
capture a full face picture then easily from the app you will
get the spectacles which is suitable for your face
Some drawbacks in A. R. are:
 Augmented Reality is not affordable.
 Augmented Reality is not providing strong security
and privacy.
 The apps which are based on Augmented Reality
can be the addition towards the user. Thisaddiction
id named as ‘smartphone fever’
3. Literature Survey:
In the article 1: V.R in plastic surgery ;V.R was introduced in
medical field such as surgical field in the year1990s.withthe
help of using V.R it will become easy to visualize
complicated medical issues during surgery time. Basically
with the help of advance A.R technologiesnewopportunities
are introduced in reconstruction of plastic and aesthetic
surgery. In this article some lack ofspecificproductsrelated
to plastic surgery they are also research on orthopedic and
neurosurgery.Suchtermslike“virtual reality”“maxillofacial”
“surgery” “training” and ”haptic” are the combination which
we used in the methods of plastic surgery. Although with
the help of advance technology till V.R cannot completely
able 5senses of humans’, but yes scientist are trying to
overcome this issue near future. This paper was published
on 2007 at Korea Institute of Science and Technology
institutional program by Youngjun Kim, Hannah Kim, Yong
Oock Kim.
Fig.1: Block diagram of V.R in plastic surgery
In this fig 1. The block diagram explain how virtual reality is
controlled and created. CAD software is used here to create
VRML files.
The Simmechanics module permits that to represent of the
modeling. Virtual Reality tool box is usedtoimporteddatain
MATLAB/Simulink model. Kinematics of the simulation and
the Vestibular Model are controlled by The Simulink File.
In the article 2: State of art using V.R, The last 3 years virtual
reality gave us a huge amount of displays and devices. Some
new ideas of taking care of the problems in hardwareaswell
as software are always being introduced.thedevelopment of
hardware and software is mainly conduct by those who are
interested in this particular domain, who makes use of the
newly available technologies. some examples like either

cable-based or mobile other devices like haptic devices,
controllers, as well as optical scanners for gesture-based
interaction are gaining importance in the fieldofcommodity
of VR field . most of the new technologies like motion to
photon latency and lowpersistencedisplaysarediscussedas
the common issues which is solved in this field. The
solutions of the above issues will affect in the market in
future. A taxonomy categorizing the current developments
with the chosen implementation approaches will be given.
This paper was published on 2016 IEEE Aerospace
Conference on 05-12 of March 2016 at Big Sky of MT in USA.
In the article 3: Mobile Augmented Reality, Tobias Hollerer,
Steve Feiner published a paper in the year 2004 at
computing and services. Augmented reality (AR) introduces
a powerful user interface (UI) to context-aware computing
environments. The virtual informations areintegratedusing
AR Systems into a person's physical environment so that he
or she will perceive that information as existing in their
surroundings. Mobile augmented reality systems (MARS)
provide this service without constraining the individual’s
whereabouts to a specially equipped area.Ideally,theywork
virtually anywhere, adding a palpablelayerofinformation to
any environment whenever desired. By doing so, they hold
the potential to revolutionize the way in which information
is presented to people. Computer-presented material is
directly integrated with the real world surrounding the
freely roaming person, who can interact with it to display
related information, to pose and resolve queries, and to
collaborate with other people. The world becomes the user
interface.
In the article 4: Enhance the tourism experience with the
help of Augmented Reality, Chris D Kounavis ,Anna E
Kasimati, Efpraxia D Zamani published a paper on 4th
October 2021 at International Journal of Engineering
Business Management Where they explained that
Augmented Reality (AR) describes the technology's
evolution from pilot applications into commercial mobile
applications. We address the technical aspects of mobile AR
application development, emphasizing thetechnologiesthat
render the delivery of augmented reality content possible
and experientially superior. We examine the state of the art,
providing an analysis concerning the development and the
objectives of each application. Acknowledging the various
technological limitationshinderingAR'ssubstantial end-user
adoption, the paper proposes a model for developing AR
mobile applications for the field oftourism,aimingtorelease
AR's full potential within the field.
3. CONCLUSION
V.R and A.R technologies gives a huge contribution on
communication to entertainment, not only this field with
help of these two technology like medical such as surgeries,
education, tourism, mobile technology and many more.
Future of V.R technology is more accurate and effective as
whereas There have some drawbacks specially in A.R field,
like configuration, concept and mostly lack of research so in
future to overcome all those drawbacks engineers have to
focus on this. May be in future all drawbackswill bemodified
in V.R and A.R technology. After review these past and
present implementation during A.R and V.R field we can say
that there will be a large scope in future.
REFERENCES
[1] Youngjun Kim, Hannah Kim, Yong Oock Kim’spaperwas
published on 2007 at Korea Institute of Science and
Technology.
[2] The conference regarding this paper was held on 05-
12th, march, 2016 at IEEE AerospaceConference.Stateof
the art of virtual reality technology (V.R) in the past
three years, the so-called second wave of Virtual Reality
(VR) has brought us a vast amount of new displays and
input devices,
[3] Mobile Augmented Reality, Tobias Hollerer, Steve
Feiner, in 2004.
[4] Enhance the tourism experience with the help of
Augmented Reality, Chris D Kounavis ,Anna E Kasimati,
Efpraxia D Zamani published a paper on 4th October
2021 at International Journal of Engineering Business
Management.

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