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- 1. Emission Reduction: The Different Approaches Zach1328
- 2. Turbochargers Turbochargers reduce emissions by re-circulating compressed exhaust gasses through the cylinders which burns away harmful carbon.
- 3. Pros: • More power from smaller engines • Reduced Emissions up to 35% • Better fuel efficiency (up to 40% more efficient) Cons: • Expensive to Manufacture (extra $1600) • Can reduce engine lifespan (typically 50,000 miles less than natural aspiration)
- 4. The following image shows how a turbocharging system works with the flow of air and exhaust gasses:
- 5. Direct Injection “Better fuel economy and reduced emissions of greenhouse gasses such as CO2 have been achieved with direct injection.” – Khalek Imad, Ph.D
- 6. How Direct Injection works: A typical engine runs at an air/fuel ratio of 14.7:1; this mixture is too rich, meaning it uses more fuel relative to air than necessary. Direct Injectors spray fuel directly into the cylinders (rather than the intake manifold), allowing the engine to accurately measure the required amount of fuel. This pushes the air/fuel mixture to as high as 40:1 greatly reducing fuel burned, therefore increasing fuel economy and decreasing emissions.
- 7. The future of Engines? Studies have found turbochargers and direct injection coupled together could increase fuel efficiency by as much as 50% and reduce emissions by nearly the same amount. This represents an even greater reduction in emissions than modern electric engines!
- 8. It is estimated by 2018 that 50% of vehicles on the market will include a turbocharger and direct injection. Here are a few companies that are already making efforts to utilize this combined technology: • BMW • Ford • Lincoln • Audi • Porsche
- 9. E85 Fuel • Renewable alcohol-based fuel – 85% ethanol, 15% gasoline – Ethanol is produced primarily using corn • Reduces emissions by up to 15% • Decreases fuel efficiency by nearly 25% • Increases horsepower
- 10. Decreased fuel economy? The decrease in fuel economy by nearly 25% is the main limiting factor of E85. However, despite the decrease in fuel efficiency the engine cooling benefits actually reduce harmful emissions. In some parts of the US, Ethanol fuel is up to 30% cheaper than regular gasoline, so the decrease in fuel efficiency may be offset by lower fuel costs.
- 11. Other Approaches • Electric cars • More efficient drive-trains • Diesel Engines • Reduce vehicle weight • Increase vehicle aerodynamics (reduce wind resistance)