Voice and accents B.Com 1 A
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This document provides information about various consonant sounds in English. It begins by explaining places and manners of articulation for consonants. It then discusses individual consonant sounds in detail, including placement in the mouth, examples of words that contain the sound, tongue twisters, and passages using minimal pairs to illustrate the sounds. Consonants covered include /t/, /d/, /v/, /w/, /θ/, /ð/, /p/, /k/, and /s/. Diagrams and tables are included to demonstrate the differences between similar sounds like /v/ and /w/ or the two English "th" sounds. The overall document is a reference for correctly producing English consonant sounds.
Voice and accents B.Com 1 A
- 1. CONSONANTS
- 2. CONSONANTS contd. Producing a consonant sound correctly depends on : • Place of articulation • Manner of producing sound • Voicing of the sound Sound production:
- 3. CONTSONANTS contd. 24 Consonant Sounds
- 4. CONSONANTS contd. The ‘T/D’ as we pronounce has the tongue curled with the underside touching the upper palate which gives it a heavy sound pretty much like the corresponding vernacular sounds. For the neutral English sound, the tongue needs to remain flat with the upper side of the tongue touching the hard palate. The T/D Sounds
- 5. T D Tame Ten Day Dollar Tree Twelve Does Decide Tap Today Delta Today Twin Tip Did Diskette Team Tomorrow Donna Damaged Telephone Tray Data Identify CONSONANTS contd.
- 6. CONSONANTS contd. /t/ Common Spellings T Tea D Walked bt* Debt pt* Receipt Tt Mitt Th Thomas Contrasting Pairs tank/thank try/dry tree/three team/theme debt/dead true/threw tick/thick Toot/tooth right/ride
- 7. CONSONANTS contd. WORDS Ted Tiger To Tomorrow Tarnish Towards Italy Atom Tomato Data Meeting Sweater Ought to Got to Went to Sent to Put to Get to Bottom Lotto Pattern Glottal Ointment Motto Hot Bought Site Right What Soft
- 8. CONSONANTS contd. TONGUE TWISTERS Try to take two turns this time. Tina tried to tame Ted’s tiger on Tuesday. A Tudor who tooted a flute…….tried to tutor two tooters to toot. Said the two to their tutor, "Is it harder to toot……. or to tutor two tooters to toot?“ Twelve twins twirled twelve twigs.
- 9. CONSONANTS contd. PASSAGE A bottle of bottled water held twenty little turtles. Each turtle had to battle with another turtle, to get a little bit of noodles. The problem was that there were many turtle battles for the less than oodles of noodles. The littlest Turtles always lost, because every time they battled with another turtle, their little turtle minds boggled, and they were left with just a little of the oodles of noodles.
- 10. CONSONANTS contd. Oo ou aw aa Aye ee aaow aai Oot out awt aat Ayet eet aaowt aait Oopt oupt awpt aapt ayept eept aaowpt aaipt Ookt oukt awkt aakt ayekt eekt aaowkt aaikt Oost oust awst aast ayest eest aaowst aaist Ooft ouft awft aaft ayeft eeft aaowft aaift Ootht outht awtht aatht ayetht eetht aaowtht aaitht Drill Toot tout tawt taat tayet teet taaowt taait Toopt toupt tawpt taapt tayept teept taaowpt taaipt Tookt toukt tawkt taakt tayekt teekt taaowkt taaikt Toost toust tawst taast tayest teest taaowst taaist Tooft touft tawft taaft tayeft teeft taaowft taaift
- 11. The V/W Sounds Most of us have either the ‘V’ or the ‘W’ sound or we tend to interchange the sounds. Eg: The veather is good. This is wery good. If you haven’t noticed the difference yet, you need to pay closer attention to your lip movement for these two sounds: For a word beginning with ‘V’ the lower lip should touch the outside of the upper teeth. For a word beginning with ‘W’ we need to round our lips and let the air escape. CONSONANTS contd.
- 12. CONSONANTS contd. /d/ On dark nights I sometimes dream of little dwarfs, who like to ride through the woods and along country roads on tiny donkeys. On cold stabbing nights they try to invert riddles to the sound of wind. They tend to find clear skies disappointing and much prefer dark stormy nights. One dark dismal night in winter, I observed a dozen of these little men hunting for dandelions in the woods. It was raining hard, but in the distance I could see a little figure riding away from me. I followed close behind until the dwarf reached a door, through which he disappeared. I knocked hard on the door, hoping to catch a glimpse of where he lived. All of a sudden, I heard a dreadful drumming sound behind me. I turned around to investigate and discovered a dazzling sight. A drunken dwarf dressed in a diamond-encrusted cloak was riding past me on a dappled donkey. I tried to address him but with downcast eyes, he trundled down the road into the distance. As the day dawned I woke from my dream.
- 13. THERE IS A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN – V & W Vine Wine Vase Ways/Weighs Vile While Vary Wary Vow Wow Vent Went He took the Veal He took the Wheel Veer to the Left We’re to the left Where’s the Vine? Where’s the wine? He lives in the Vest He lives in the West CONSONANTS contd.
- 14. /v/ Placement: The lower lip and edge of upper front teeth meet to produce a partially continuous airflow by slightly obstructing the flow of air. /V/ is a very important sound. The sounds /v/ and /w/ are contrastive in English and the distinction is essential to the meaning of our message as well as to neutralize the Indian accent. By mastering this sound, mispronunciation between west – vest, Wet –Vet, Very well – wery vell will be controlled. CONSONANTS contd.
- 15. Contrasting Pairs view/few Wait/fate reviews/refuse vat/bat wave/waif relieve/relief very/berry shovel/shuffle leave/leaf /v/ CONSONANTS contd.
- 16. Passage While revising the visitor’s version of a very well paved avenue, the VIP revealed none of his motives. The VIP was not convinced with the visitors views, and avowed that he would have it vetoed by the vice – president, and vowed to invent an indestructible, paving compound. Soon, the VIP found himself on the verge of civil war with a visitor with whom he had previously conversed easily. Never again did the visitor converse with the vain VIP and they remained divided forever. /v/ CONSONANTS contd.
- 17. /w/ Placement: Here, The lips are rounded and the back of the tongue comes in contact with the palate. The sound is continuous without any friction. As compared to the sound “v”, where the upper teeth are placed on the lower lip, in “w” the lips are rounded, just as the way we whistle. Hence, push the lips forward and blow out air to produce a voiced sound. CONSONANTS contd.
- 18. Tongue Twister •While we were walking, we were watching window washers •When Washington's washerwoman went west, Wash Washington washed his windows with warm washing water. •Walter Whipple warily warned the weary warrior. •Wash and wear is wonderful. /w/ CONSONANTS contd.
- 19. /w/ Passage Where were we in world war one? One wild Wednesday Wilson Water, and I were strolling in the wild forest of Wisconsin, with a wonderful woman called Wanda Wilkerson. “When is the day going to come, whispered Wilson.” Hopefully soon, I’ve been waiting since winter. Wanda walked back waving wildly. CONSONANTS contd.
- 20. CONTENTS The “th” Sounds There are two ‘TH’ sounds: Hard ‘TH’—than, those, there, them, that, although Soft ‘TH’—think, thing, thanks, thermometer, Thursday Usually when we speak these sounds, the tongue is behind the upper teeth. However we need to… Place the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower teeth and Make the sound by releasing the air while pulling the tongue in. CONSONANTS contd.
- 21. Soft TH Hard TH Thursday Thirteen Teeth Than Although Sheath Think Bathroom Path Those Mother Loathe Third Nothing Method There Father Teethe Throw Breathless Booth Them Northern Soothe Thirsty Mythology Wrath Thy Whether Seethe CONSONANTS contd.
- 22. / / The Unvoiced ‘Th’ Placement: For the /ɵ/ place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth. Don't put it between your lips. Make the sound by forcing air through the opening between your teeth and tongue. Don't vibrate your vocal cords. The unvoiced /ɵ/ occurs in content words. CONSONANTS contd.
- 23. Thursday Method Teeth Think Bathroom Path Third Nothing North Throw Breathless Booth Thelma Mythology Wrath Words / / Minimal Pairs Three/Free Think/Pink Thor/Soar Both/Boat Fought/Thought Pass/Path Frilled/Thrilled Tore/Thor Coat/Throat Thin/Sin Broth/Bought Moth/Moss CONSONANTS contd.
- 24. Tongue Twisters 1. Thor is the god of Thunder. 2. Thelma and Theo have bad breath. 3. Three free thrilling frills fought on Ruth's roof. 4. Thieves are thankless thugs who deserve our wrath. 5. Nothing is worth thousands of deaths. 6. Mr. Smith's teeth are thin and lethal. 7. Thursdays are thirsty days for lethargic Ruth and Thelma. 8. It seems themes are sought by thousands of mythical misses. 9. Thick ticks on three trees brought broth to ten thin tin men. 10. Sick thickets thwarted seven thin sinners from passing through. / / CONSONANTS contd.
- 25. Passage Thankful Ruth Ruth doesn't like to remember things from the past. Thirteen years ago, Ruth came close to death. She was very thin and lost thirty pounds. Three of her teeth also fell out. Ruth is thankful for her nurse, Beth, who helped her through thick and thin. Now, Ruth can enjoy long, thoughtful baths. / / CONSONANTS contd.
- 26. Thomas Thompson Thyme Theresa Thames Esther Thailand Exceptions to the rule: 1. Sometimes the ‘ɵ’ is a ‘t’ sound. This is mostly when the sound comes in a Proper Noun. Another example: ‘apartheid’. 2.Sometimes the ‘ɵ’ is a ‘silent’ sound. Asthma – æsmə 3.In content words that denote relationship the / ɵ / takes on a /ð/ sound. Father Mother Brother / / CONSONANTS contd.
- 27. /ð/ The Voiced ‘Th’ / ð / Placement: For the / ð / place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth. Don't put it between your lips. Make the sound by forcing air through the opening between your teeth and your tongue. Vibrate your vocal cords to make/ ð /. CONSONANTS contd.
- 28. /ð/ The Voiced ‘Th’ / ð / Placement: For the / ð / place the tip of your tongue between your upper and lower teeth. Don't put it between your lips. Make the sound by forcing air through the opening between your teeth and your tongue. Vibrate your vocal cords to make/ ð /. CONSONANTS contd.
- 29. The P/K Sounds and Q/C sounds The P/K sounds These sounds in neutral English are soft relaxed sounds CONSONANTS contd.
- 30. The P/K Sounds Pin Peel Pine Pray Paid Pail Pixels Pour Perfect Important Printer Jumper Point Picture Cat Cost Crime Kettle Computer Clean Convenient Cache Quick Queen Quiet Question Contact Configuration CONSONANTS contd.
- 31. /p/ Placement: For this sound the out flow of breath is interrupted at the lips, and lips are pursed together then released. This produces the consonant sound ‘p”. This sound is voiceless and aspirated. This sound in neutral English is a soft relaxed sound. CONSONANTS contd.
- 32. /p/ Potion Power Product Plymouth Practice Power People Proper Pepper Pepperoni Happy Supper Tap Gap Popper Ship Sip Pop Pin Peel Paid Pail Perfect Important Pine Pray Pixels Pour Printer Jumper Point Picture Prosper Pint Prosper Swap Words CONSONANTS contd.
- 33. /p/Drill Oo Ou Aw Aa Aye ee aaow Aai Oop Oup Awp Aap Ayep eep aaowp Aaip Oops Oups awps Aaps Ayeps eeps aaowps Aaips Oosp Ousp awsp Aasp Ayesp eesp aaowsp Aaisp Oopk Oupk awpk Aapk Ayepk eepk aaowpk Aaipk Poop Poup pawp Paap Payep peep paaowp paaip Poops Poups pawps Paaps Payeps peeps paaowps paaips Poopk Poupk pawpk Paapk Payepk peepk paaowpk paaipk CONSONANTS contd.
- 34. /p/ Tongue twisters Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers? If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked? Patsy planter plucked plump, purple, plastic plums. Pick a partner and practice passing, for if you pass proficiently, perhaps you will play professionally. Proper popper, Proper popper, Proper popper. CONSONANTS contd.
- 35. /p/ Passage Peter Piper and Piped Piper were thick pals. Peter and Piped Piper both hoped to pick a peck of pickled peppercorn with Popeye, in Paris. On their way to Paris, they met two pretty, and petite girls, Patsy and Pamela. They too hoped to pick a peck of pickled peppercorn with Popeye, in Paris. Peter Piper, Piped Piper, Patsy Perkins, and Pamela Powers became good pals. On their trip to Paris they had to cross the Prairie Chapel. The Chapel was very old, and looked like a pestilential prison. Peter Piper, Piped Piper, Patsy Perkins, and Pamela Powers decided to become life partners and promptly paid the priest and had a prairie wedding in the chapel. They returned home and lived happily ever after. CONSONANTS contd.
- 36. /k/ Placement : Raise the back of the tongue to touch the soft part at the back of the roof of the mouth. The air is stopped there, and then released quickly. /k/ is voiceless. CONSONANTS contd.
- 37. /k/ Contrasting Pairs call/gall back/bag clean/glean curl/girl bicker/bigger crow/grow cold/gold tucking/tugging frock/frog Words Kind Cambridge Cardiff Colerain Canterbury Queen Cactus Doctor Bacon Actor Exeter Newcastle Make Bake Kick Limerick Cork York CONSONANTS contd.
- 38. /k/ Tongue Twister. • How many cookies could a good cook cook, If a good cook could cook cookies? • If you stick a stock of alcohol in your locker, it's slick to stick a lock upon your stock, or some stickler who is slicker will stick you of your liquor if you fail to lock your liquor with a lock! • I would if I could, and if I couldn't, how could I? You couldn't, unless you could, could you? CONSONANTS contd.
- 39. /k/ Passage Luke and Jack were close pals. Luke would lock the liquor in the locker room, which quite irked Jack. So to get back at Luke, Jack closed his ducks in a dark room. When Luke got to know about this, he went to Zachary, to complain. Zachary was cool, and a calm person, but Zachary concluded by saying that Jack is right. When Zachary cascaded the sequence of his conversation with Luke to Jack, Zachary and Jack decided to teach Luke a lesson. They locked Luke with his ducks in the dark, closed room, and drank his liquor, sitting on his sofa, the whole night. CONSONANTS contd.
- 40. /s/ Placement: The tip of the tongue is raised to the upper gum ridge constricting the air stream, producing a sharp "hissing" sound. This is a voiceless S sound. CONSONANTS contd.
- 41. Words /s/ So September Sorry Single Sound Soft Saucy Satisfied Sixteen Electricity Incessant Cisco Glass Mass Class Makes Bakes Flakes CONSONANTS contd.
- 42. /s/ Tongue Twisters • I saw Susie sitting in a shoeshine shop. Where she sits she shines, and where she shines she sits. • Strict strong stringy Stephen Stretch. • Slickly snared six sickly silky snakes. • Six sick hicks nick six slick bricks with picks and sticks. • Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks. • Sarah saw a shot-silk sash shop full of shot-silk sashes as the sunshine shone on the side of the shot-silk sash shop. CONSONANTS contd.
- 43. /s/ Drill oo Ou Aw Aa aye Ee Aaow aai oos ous Aws Aas ayes ees aaows aais ookts outs Awkts aakts ayekts eekts aeowkts aaikts oost oust Awst Aast ayest eest aaowst aaist oosts ousts Awsts aasts ayests eests aaowsts aaists soos sous Saws Saas sayes sees saaows saais soops soups Sawps saaps sayeps seeps saaowps saaips sooks souks Sawks saaks sayeks seeks saaowks saaik soosts sousts Sawsts saasts sayests seests saaowsts saaists Soofs soufs Sawfs saafs sayefs seefs saaowfs saaifs CONSONANTS contd.
- 44. /s/ Passage. A surly Sergeant, Sam, from Leicester, saw a sailor sit silently on a small seat next to the see- saw. He sat there for several minutes, while tots swarmed around. Sam asked the sailor to cease. But sailor sneered in his face. Sam was so incensed that he considered it a sufficient incentive to Sock the sailor. The sailor stood there for a second, and then strolled away. CONSONANTS contd.
- 45. /r/ CONSONANTS contd. Placement: /r/ sound is produced by curling the front of the tongue but do not touch the back of the upper teeth. Then push air between the palate and the tip of the tongue. /r/ is voiced.
- 46. CONSONANTS contd. Words /r/ (INITIAL) (MEDIAL) red Zero real Merry write Several roof Forward
- 47. CONSONANTS contd. /r/ Contrasting Pairs rest/west door/dough bright/light rinse/wince bear/beer fry/fly rent/went run/won crowd/cloud Sentences 1. Knowing right from wrong is important 2. Gregory and his brother really like rock-and-roll music. 3. The three friends ran in the race on Thursday, November thirteenth.
- 48. CONSONANTS contd. /r/ Passage Hurly Burly store at Leicester, had thousands of mirrors. One mirror was at the side of the room, which made the room look bigger. One girl who worked there, was terrorised that birds might get hurt by hurtling into their own reflection. She moved the drawers to the side of the room in order to cover the length of the mirror. After doing this, she realized that it saved the birds from getting hurt. The owner of the Store, in Leicester, proportionately rewarded her effort.
- 49. ch=/tʃ/ CONSONANTS contd. Placement: This sound is a combination of the /t/ and the /sh/ sounds. The front of the tongue is raised firmly to the gum ridge for the /t/ sound. Lips protrude while the air stream is restricted there, the /sh / is added before releasing the / ch / sound. “Ch” gives a voiceless sound.
- 50. CONSONANTS contd. ch=/tʃ/ Contrasting Pairs cheap/jeep hunch/hunt choke/joke churn/turn arch/art batches/badges chin/tin etch/edge cheat/sheet Tongue twister • Chester Cheetah chews a chunk of cheap cheddar cheese. • I'll chew and chew until my chin drops. • A child can choke on a chunk of cheese. • Chuck paid for the church picture by check. • Choose the chicken sandwich for lunch.
- 51. CONSONANTS contd. ch=/tʃ/ Passage Out in the pasture the nature watcher watches the catcher. While the catcher watches the pitcher who pitches the balls. Whether the temperature's up or whether the temperature's down, the nature watcher, the catcher and the pitcher are always around. The pitcher pitches, the catcher catches and the watcher watches. So whether the temperature rises or whether the temperature falls the nature watcher just watches the catcher who's watching the pitcher who's watching the balls.
- 52. CONSONANTS contd. /f/ WORDS Fall Ralph Fail Sapphire Food Laugh Fish Laughs Flower Tough After Cough Phone Trophy
- 53. CONSONANTS contd. Sentences /f/ Freddy found fresh flowers for his friend Frances lifted her finger to show off her sapphire Ralph's life is tough but he laughs Phil's life is soft but he frets
- 54. One fresh fall day Paul went to the fair To find some fun and food But while hopping a fence He ripped his pants Which put him in a foul mood But he found a fine friend And prayed she would mend the rip before it could fray And although he was pieced With a patch on the seat He went to the feast anyway Sentences /f/ CONSONANTS contd.
- 55. CONSONANTS contd. Placement: This sound is like the buzz of a bee. The tongue is suspended mid air within the teeth closed. The sound is created with a vibration “zzzzzzz” is a voiced sound. /z/
- 56. /z/ CONSONANTS contd. Words Zero Freeze Anxiety Cousin Lazy Xerox Easy Cheese She's my friends cousin He reads newspapers and magazines on Thursdays Sentences
- 57. CONSONANTS contd. /ʤ/ Placement: This sound is a combination of the /d/ and the /z/ sounds. Similar to a ‘j’ followed by a bee’s buzz.
- 58. CONSONANTS contd. Words James budge January badger package bulge Jowl Edge /ʤ/ Sentences Janet and June joined hands to cage the badger January in Japan and June in Brazil can be joyful.
- 59. CONSONANTS contd. /ʒ/ Placement: This sound is a combination of the ‘j’ and the /z/ sounds. Similar to a bee’s buzz but with the lips pursed.
- 60. CONSONANTS contd. /ʒ/ Words casual Asia confusion Illusion beige treasure lesion azure Sentences The collision caused an explosion in Persia. The beige fountain camouflaged the treasure. The mirage was of a treasure. He was casual about the visual to term it an illusion.
Editor's Notes
- #3: Consider your throat to be a hosepipe. Will the flow of water be smooth if you twist the hosepipe? It’s the same when you do not have a straight body posture, as the out flow of breath is not smooth. When this happens our voice goes at the back of the throat making us sound very squeaky.
- #15: /v/ is a buzz sound, the upper teeth are placed on the lower lips, and a certain amount of vibration or tickle must be felt on the lower lip while breathing out.
- #23: To check correct production of sound
- #27: Apaar-tay-d
- #28: The tongue is placed at the edge of the upper front teeth and airflow is slightly obstructed to produce a sound similar to the sound of the word ‘the’
- #40: Now that /p/, /t/, /k/ sounds have been covered, activity on replacing lyrics of songs with just the /p/, /t/, /k/ sounds can be done. Divide the class into teams between 5 to 8 members in each team depending on class strength. Each team uses a different song for the activity. Could be given as a home assignment too.
- #46: Foot Note: It should be noted that in British English (RP), there is often a difference between the written form of words containing /r/, and the spoken form of these words. If a /r/ occurs before a vowel, it is sounded. If a /r/ occurs before a consonant or a pause, it is not sounded – in fact it is omitted. Compare the British English production of the words “chair” and “bear” when they are said on their own, to the sentence “the bear is on the chair in the kitchen”. “bea” “chai” “The bear-is on the chair-in the kitchen”
- #61: Asia, explosion, Persia is pronounced incorrectly by us Indians normally. More words, sentences and paragraphs available on www.home-speech-home.cpm/zh-words.html