Vol2 iss1 feb2014 int jr of app envirl science n technology

Volume 2, Issue 1, 2014 February 2014 ISSN 2321– 8223
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This Journal is an academic and peer-reviewed publication (Print ISSN 2321– 8223 )

Volume 2, 2014 Issue 1, 2014
Chief Editor
Prof. M V Subba Rao
Retd Prof of Environmental Science, Andhra University,
Email: ratna_madireddi@yahoo.com
ISSN : 2321-8223
Associate Editors
Mrs. Chandra Kanti Sinha
Retd. Lecturer in Botany (Principal Grade),
Government Collage Faizabad U.P.
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Prof. V. Sobha
Retd. Prof. of Environmental Science, Kera-
la University.Email:drsobhav@yahoo.com
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Dept of Meteorology, N D University of
Agri.and Tech., Faizabad, U P.
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Technical Editor
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Deptt. of Zoology and Biotechnology
Govt. M.H. College Of H.Sc. And Sc. For
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Retd. Prof. of Zoology, Madras University.
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Govt. M.H. College Of H.Sc. And
Sc. For Women, Jabalpur (M.P.)
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Associate Professor,
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Feb 2014
Editorial Board
Editor-in-Chief
Prof. Manik Sinha
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Volume No. 2 Issue No. 1, 2014
C o n t e n t s
S. No. Title Page No.
Feb, 2014
1. Diversity Of Land Snails In Some Residential 1
Areas Of Jabalpur (M.P.)
Reeta Solanki and Haninder Maini
2. Dermatoglyphics in Down’s Syndrome 4
Maini H. and Solanki R.
3. El Nino Impact Of Gujarat Rainfall, India 8
Ǡnil kumar and Ѷyas pandey
4. Climate Change And Temperature Trends In Coastal 21
Zone Of Odisha During The Period 1990-2009
Debahuti Acharya,Pradipta.K.Nanda,
Siba.P.Panda , Ranjita.P.Panda and
G.K Panda
Bird Diversity in Campus and its Surrounding Area,
Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh), India
Haninder Maini and. S.B. Shrivastava
5. 27

1 ••
Int. J. Appl.Env. Sci. & Tech. Vol. 2 (1) 2014, pp. ISSN: 2321-8223
Govt. M.H. College Of H.Sc. And Sc. For Women, Jabalpur (M.P.)
Email : hanindermaini@gmail.com, solanki1111@rediffmail.com
Govt. M.H. College Of H.Sc. And Sc. For Women, Jabalpur (M.P.)
(Date of Receipt : 21-01-2014; Date of Acceptance for Publication : 06-02-2014)
Land snails account for around 30,000
of the estimated 1,50,000 member of the
Phylum Mollusca (Abott,1989).They form
an integral constituent of the soil/leaf lit-
ter ecosystem playing an important role
in nutrient recycling(Mavinkurve et.al.,
2004).
Land snail’s are terrestrial gastropod
mollusca that have shells.
Gastropods are divided into 3 orders -
1. Ctenobranchiata
2. Pulmonata &
3. Aspidobranchiata
The ctenobranchiata & Aspidobranchia-
ta are called “Operculate gastropods” as
their foot has an opercular plate which
is not found in pulmonates. Generally,
the whole phylum mellusca is essential-
ly an aquatic group of animals. Never-
theless, some of the Molluscs like “Land
resent study was conducted from January 2013 to December, 13 in two distant resi-
dential areas of Jabalpur i.e. in Ashoknagar, Adhartal, & Gorakhpur (Near Police Sta-
tion) on amphibious snails. The present paper deals with diversity of amphibious
snails also known as “Land Operculates” found in Gardens, drainages, water tanks,
garages & even the road sides. Findings reveal maximum diversity & growth during
summer & monsoon season & minimum density in winter.
INTRODUCTION
Key Words: Amphibious Snails, Land Operculates, Diversity.
1-3
Pages:3 References: 08

2 ••
Int. J. Appl.Env. Sci. & Tech. Vol. 1 (1) 2013, pp.Int. J. Appl.Env. Sci. & Tech. Vol. 2 (1) 2014, pp. ISSN: 2321-8223
operculates” have made brave attempts
to be free from their aquatic medium.
Even so, like all amphibious creatures
they have to remain forever in the close
vicinity of water. So they abound in the
habitats, where not only the moisture
is very high, but also their skin is fre-
quently bathed by water drops, as avail-
able in such humid & wet environments.
Therefore much of these forms are gen-
erally found in gardens, parks and near
drainages (Tonapi, 1980).
A perusal of literature shows a paucity
of information on several aspects of
these molluscs of India (Rao, 1989) & in
Jammu and Kashmir, Kaul et.al., (1980)
& Duda & Verma (1995), Verma & Duda
(1996) & Duda et.al., 1999 & on west-
ern Ghats Mavinkuruve et.al., (2004),
Madhaystha et.al., (2004), Arvind et.al.,
(2005).
Seasonal variations in terrestrial gastro-
pod population during 12 months of the
year were subjected in the present study.
The species Macrochlamys-indica belongs to
family Ariophaphantidae found both in Ad-
hartal and Gorakhpur, Jabalpur. Achatina
(lissachatina) fulica-fulica belongs to family
- Achatinidae. order – Stylommatophora
found only in Gorakhpur Jabalpur.
Highest diversity was recorded in August
- September, 2013 in the Garden & lowest
density was observed in December - Jan-
uary 13. Some snails have seen to hiber-
nate during winter and some have seen
to aestivate. Majority of snails were found
dead in winter may be because they were
not able to hibernate.
Land snails are generally herbivorous
but some species are omnivorous. Feed-
ing habits of these land snails were also
observed of unable to hibernate& it was
found that they feed on variety of food i.e.
small leaves, stems, soft bank, fruits and
vegetables of plants and small dead in-
sects.
Most pulmonate land snails perform court-
ship behaviour before mating. Courtship
is generally observed in the late evenings
especially from 7.15 to 10.30 PM.
It is also very interesting to note that these
land snails weren’t seen before 2003 in
these area.They suddenly appear in the
bulk from the one corner of Garden in
summer and rainy season and later on
they vanished during winter season.
There are many unexplored aspects of
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
MATERIAL & METHODS
Movements and diversity of snails were
observed 3 times daily from January’13
to December’13 in Ashok Nagar, Adhar-
tal and Gorakhpur (area near police sta-
tion).

It was observed that all these creatures
come out of burrows, drainages, tem-
ples (situated in the Gardens of Houses)
old wells, near water tanks, Gardens,
garages, roadsides (near drainages) &
even in kitchen sinks, water pipes etc.

The systematic identification of these
snails has been done after Edmondson
(1959) & Rao (1989) & Tonapi (1980). &
With the help of ZSI, Jabalpur.
1-3

3 ••
Indian Molluscan systematics, taxonomy,
bionomics and their role in biocoenose.
Only stray researches carried out in iso-
lated places will not produce an integrat-
ed picture on molluscan relationship with
their biotic communities.
Recent evidence shows that the inverte-
brates can be more reliable indicators of
“hot spots” of high diversity & overall end-
emism (Moriz et.al., 2001). Land snails are
very good indicators of land use chang-
es. (Arvind et.al., 2005) & are among the
most severely threatened animals.
It is needless to emphasize the impor-
tance of ecological studies on amphibi-
ous & fresh water molluscan for their
role in agriculture (Achatina), horticulture
(opeas, Glessula) & others, which are vec-
tors like Bulimas, Biomphalaria, Lymnea
or Planorbis which spread well known
pathogens causing schistosomiasis or
bilharziasis and many other diseases un-
detected so far.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
I thank Dr. S. Sambath, Scientist Zoologi-
cal Survey of India, Jabalpur, for identifica-
tion of species. I would also like to thanks
Sukarn Singh Maini for his help with draft-
ing this research paper.
1. Abbott, T.R.,(1980),Compendium of
Land shell/American Malacologists,
Florida.
2. Aravind, N.A., Rajashekhar, K.P., and
Madhyastha, N.A. (2005). Speed dis-
tribution of the land snails of the West-
ern Ghats, India. Records of the West Sup-
plement 68 : 31-38.
3. Gude, G.K. (1921) - Fauna of British
India, Mollusca (Alphabetically) Vol. III
Land Operculates, London.
4. Madhyastha, N.A., Mavinkuruve, R.G.
and Shanbhag, S.P. (2004). ENVIS
Bulletin : Wildlife Conservation of rain
forest in India. 4 : 143-151.
5. Mavinkuruve, R.G., S.P. Shanbhag and
Madhyastha, N.A. (2004). Checklist
gastropods of Karnataka, India. Zoos’
Print Journal 19 : 1684-1686.
6. Moritz, C., Richardson, K.S., Ferrier, S.,
Monteith, G.B., Stanisic, J., Willina T.
(2001). Bio geographical concord-
ance and efficiency of taxon indicators
for establish priority in a tropical rain
forest biota. Proceedings of the Royal
Society of London.
7. Tonapi, G.T. (1971). “Studies on fresh
water & amphibious molluscan of
Poona with notes on their distribution
Part II Ibid.68 (1) : 115-126.
8. Tonapi G.T.(1980).Fresh water animals
of India Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.
1-3
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4 ••
Department of Zoology, Govt. M.H. College of Home Science and Science for Women, Jabalpur
Department of Zoology, Govt. M.H. College of Home Science and Science for Women, Jabalpur
Down’s Syndrome is the most common
genetic disorder caused by chromo-
somal abnormality. It affects one of out
every 800 to 1000 babies. It is a chro-
mosomal condition which is associated
with the characteristic facial appear-
ance, weak muscle tone and intellec-
tual disability. Doctors diagnose Down’s
Syndrome through a number of tests
like screening and ultrasound.
Correlation between dermatoglyphic
and certain chromosomal abnormali-
ties suggested by Cummins (1939),
Turpin and Casper (1945), Penrose
(1949, 1963), Uchida (1963), Walker
(1957). Some of the 26 significant hand
markers for Down’s Syndrome known
in medical science as a physical minor
anomaly such as Semian Crease, Syd-
ney Line, 10 Ulnar Loops, small hands,
short fingernails, in-curved very short
thumb, Palmer Axial Triradius, an of
angle 45 degree or above. But, in gen-
Variation in dermatoglyphics in a population can be a tool to analyze genetic makeup
and any deviation is a strong indicative of inherited abnormality or altered genotype.
Dermatoglyphic data were obtained from 18 confirmed patients of Down’s Syndrome.
The data was correlated and compared with 23 normal persons. In Down’s Syndrome
cases the standard deviation of ATD angle was much higher than the standard devia-
tion in normal persons.
Total finger ridge counts and ATD angle differed significantly from normal persons.
Abnormal dermatoglyphic features such as Semian Crease, Sydney Line, Ulnar Loops,
very short fingers and finger nails have occurred in most of the patients.
INTRODUCTION
Key Words: ATD angle, Semian Line, Sydney Line, Ulnar loops.
4-7
References: 08Pages:4

5 ••
eral all these individual hand markers
can usually be described as harmless
body characteristics. Even when “con-
stellations” of two or more of these hand
markers are observed in one perspec-
tive of the hand, these hand markers
should not be recognized as ‘suspi-
cious’, unless both hands display such
constellations in two or more perspec-
tives of the hand.
Penrose (1963) presented the first “phan-
tom picture” describing typical hand
characteristics for Down’s Syndrome;
more detailed “phantom pictures” were
presented later by other scientists.
ATD angle in 15 Down’s Syndrome pa-
tients of Jabalpur and 45 normal persons
was compared, and the standard devia-
tion was calculated (Table 2). A triradius
positioned near the center of the palm
is termed t’’, a triradius positioned at the
base of the palm is termed t, and a trira-
dius positioned halfway between these
two positions is called t’. For the angles
used in this paper, please refer to Table 1
below.
MATERIAL & METHODS
Indian ink-pad method (Fig 1 and Fig 2)
is used to take palm prints of normal per-
sons and patients of Down’s Syndrome.
ATD angle was drawn by two lines from
triradii situated at the base of index and
little fingers to the axial triradius. For the
purpose of rounding off the angles to the
nearest ten degrees, angles greater than
60 degrees were designated as t’’, be-
tween 50 and 60 degrees as t’, and below
50 degrees as t.
4-7

6 ••
Range of atd angle was towards higher
side (t’’ >= 60 degrees) for the patients
of Down Syndrome whereas in normal
persons it was towards lower side (t <=
50 degrees). Percentage of t’’ range was
55.56% in the patients of Down Syndrome
& it was 8.7% for normal persons. Fre-
quency of t was 58.7% in normal persons
and 19.44% in cases of Down Syndrome
(Fig 3).
Dermatoglyphics for Down Syndrome is
not used much for clinical diagnosis but
these studies can resolve doubts in diag-
nosis. The significance of dermal configu-
ration, in identification of trisomy 21 was
reported by Penrose (1966) & Cummins
(1939). Cummins (1939) showed that a
centrally located triradius occurs in pa-
tients of Down Syndrome with eight times
the frequency than in normal persons.
Besides atd angle, other significant hand
marks for Down Syndrome patients like
Simian Crease, Sydney Line, very short
pinky fingers and very short fingernails
were also observed.
Dermatoglyphics & the analysis carried
out have proved that they are invaluable
in their clinical value in selecting patients
of Down’s Syndrome for cytogenetic anal-
ysis; Rajangam S. et. al., (1995). Axial trira-
dii is the most important land mark in the
palm to diagnose the Down Syndrome
cases (Vashist et. al., 2009).
4-7

7 ••
CONCLUSION & SUGGESTIONS
By these studies, number of people relat-
ed with patients of Down Syndrome can
be benefitted through the development
of a faster way to diagnose Down Syn-
drome.
Awareness Program should be organ-
ized for the people related with patients
of Down Syndrome by giving clues for
diagnosis of this disorder in the form of
dermatoglyphics.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to thank the students, fac-
ulty and administration of JTMRI school
for spastics and handicapped children, for
giving us their full cooperation and support
with the collection of data for this paper.
I thank Dr. S. Sambath, Scientist Zoologi-
cal Survey of India, Jabalpur, for identi-
fication of species. I would also like to
thank Sukarn Singh Maini for his help
with drafting this research paper.
REFERENCES
1. Rajangam S., Janakiram S. & Thomas
N. (1995): “Dermatoglyphics in Down’s
Syndrome”. J. Indian Med Assoc. 1995
Jan 93(1):10-30
2. Vashist M. at al. (2009): Atd angle A
diagnostic tool in Down syndrome
patients, National Jr. of Life Sciences 6(1)
2009:93-97
3. Penrose L.S. (1996): The causes of
Down Syndrome, Adv, Teratol 1: 9-24
4. Penrose L.S. (1954): The distal triradi-
us on the hands of parents & siblings
of mongol imbeciles. Ann. Hum. Genet.
19: 10-38
5. Cummins H. (1939): Dermatoglyphic
stigma in Mongolian Idiocy. Anat. Rec.
73:04-07
6. Uchida I.A. & Salton H.C. (1963): Eval-
uation of dermatoglyphics in medical
genetics. Pediat. Clin. N. Amer. 10:405
7. Cotterman, C. W. (1951): A Scotch tape
India Ink method for recording derma-
toglyphics. American Journal of Human
Genetics. 3:376.
8. Walker (1957): The use of dermal con-
figurations in the diagnosis of mongol-
ism. J. Pediat. 50:19-26.
4-7
••••✴❦❧➢➢❧❦✴••••

8 ••
Department of Agricultural Meteorology,
B. A. College of Agriculture (BACA)
Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110, Gujarat, India
Email: anilmeteo@gmail.com
Department of Agricultural Meteorology,
B. A. College of Agriculture (BACA)
Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110, Gujarat, India
Email: anilmeteo@gmail.com
The El Nino Southern Oscillation phe-
nomenon (ENSO) is often through as
an irregular inter annual oscillator that
swings between warm and cold sea sur-
face temperature (SST) and low pres-
sure over the central and eastern tropi-
cal Pacific (Philander 1990). About 80%
of the annual rainfall over a large part
of Gujarat occurs during the summer
monsoon period (June to September),
Ìn this scientific work attempt has been made to quantifying impact of rainfall, differ-
ent four parts of Gujarat in to relation El Nino and La Nina events occurred used to
analyzed 54 years data (1958-2010), the four stations Anand (53 years) of middle Gu-
jarat, Navsari (32 years) of South Gujarat, Junagardh (27 years) of Saurashtra and S.
K. Nagar (27 year) of north Gujarat were selected for the study. Out of 54 years of data
18 were El Nino or hot years, 12 were La Nina or cold years and rest 24 were neutral
or normal years. The analysis revealed that El Nino and La Nina events surface tem-
perature variation mean TMAX is 34°C, range is 33.2 to 350
C, mean TMIN 19.8°C range
19.4°C to 21.1°C during El Nino and 33°C range 31.1° to 34°C, mean TMIN 19.7°C range
19°C to 20.6°C during La Nina event and mean rainfall during El Nino rear was 871.25
mm with the range of 68-2114 mm, during La Nina mean rainfall is 748.5 mm with
range 185-1663mm, neutral year mean rainfall is 977 mm with range 228-2266 mm
and mean deviation during El Nina year were 81.8 mm with range of men deviation 8
to 125 mm and deviation percentage is 9.25 with range 5 to 16% during El Nino and La
Nina year mean deviation 0.5 mm with range -77 to 148 mm, the deviation percentage
is 3.25% with range -9 to 28% and coefficient of variance percent range 18 to 53 dur-
ing El Nino, 9 to 52 during La Nina and 2 to 33 percent during neutral year in Gujarat.
However, there has been large variability from location to location amount of rainfall,
deviation over the normal and percent of deviation of rainfall amount mm per year dur-
ing El Nino and La Nina.
INTRODUCTION
Key Words: El Nino, La Nina, Neutral Year, Surface Temperature, Deviation of Rain Fall,
Annual Mean Rainfall, Percent in Deviation, CV% of Rainfall During ENSO.
8-20

9 ••
ENSO majority of episodes induce be-
low/above normal rainfall over Gujarat
or India. Near the end of each calendar
year, ocean surface temperatures warm
along the coast and pressure rises. The
series of the India summer monsoon
rainfall (ISMR) has been devised by Par-
thasarathy et. al., 1995 and atmospheric
phenomenon of southern oscillation
measure of difference in atmospheric
pressure between the Indian Ocean re-
gion and the Pacific region (Venkatara-
man, 2003). The warmer than average
waters were shown to be closely relat-
ed to a global atmospheric pressure os-
cillation known as the Southern Oscilla-
tion. Kumar et. al., 2012 reported effect
of the El Niño Southern Oscillation on
the distribution of annual rainfall over
the four regions of Gujarat state are in-
vestigated using 54 year surface obser-
vatory data. Every two to seven time the
term El Nino began to be used in ref-
erence to these major warm episodes
(NOAA 2007). Dai et. al., 1997 found
that ENSO is the single largest cause
of global extreme precipitation events
over land surface. Goddard and Dilley
(2005) found that monthly precipitation
extremes are not well related to ENSO
over tropical land areas as a whole. Cur-
tis et. al., 2007 argue that Goddard and
Dilley’s (2005) parametric model of the
probability distribution function (PDF) of
monthly rainfall is inadequate for evalu-
ating extremes and present an alterna-
tive methodology that yields a stronger
relationship between precipitation ex-
tremes and El Nino. Lyon and Barnston
(2005) using similar index or SOI to
which one used previously by Goddard
and Dilley (2005). ENSO is the primary
driver of interannual climate and has a
large economic and social impact over
MATERIAL & METHODS
This study were carry out four agriculture
university of Gujarat state, India by the ob-
served shown in the Table 1, 2 & 3 were
class B type surface observatory and
twice a day observation taken by observer
throughout the year. The station Navsari
(Lat. 200
N57’S; Log. 720
E54’W; AMSL: 11.9
the globe (Glantz et. al., 1991). Unusually
strong warm events raise the question
of whether the global warming appar-
ently related to human activities (IPCC,
2001) contributes, or will contribute to
the tendency for more frequent El Nino
and La Nina events (Trenberth and Hoar
1996). Every two to seven time the term
El Nino began to be used in reference
to these major warm episodes (NOAA
2007). The increase in gross produc-
tion of food and cash crops in post in-
dependent India has been character-
ized by neglect of effects of climate on
several aspects of crop production re-
sulting in wasteful use input resources
(Venkataraman, 2003). The decrease in
the rates of crop production even in irri-
gated area in the last decade of the 20th
century indicates the setting in of agri-
cultural non-sustainability with environ-
mental conservation (Venkataraman,
2003). India summer monsoon rainfall
shows the large annual variability, it has
been shown in a recent analysis of the
variation of the Gross Domestic Prod-
uct (GDP) and monsoon rainfall (Gadgil
et. al., 2007). The classification of the El
Nino and La Nina year over India on the
basis of SOI index which is mention over
India map (Fig. 1) where negative value
influence the deficit rainfall or monsoon
rain received in the country.
8-20

10 ••
M), Anand (Lat. 220
N35’S; Log. 720
E55’W;
AMSL: 45.1 M), Sardarkrushinagar (Lat.
240
N19’S; Log. 720
E19’W; AMSL: 154.4
M) and Junagardh (Lat. 210
N42’S; Log.
7020
E49’W; AMSL: 90 M) shown in the
Table 3. In this work attempt has been
made to analyze the surface tempera-
ture in four stations of Gujarat in relation
to ENSO events using 54 years data i.e.
Anand of middle Gujarat, Navsari of South
Gujarat, Junagardh of Saurashtra and S.
K. Nagar of north Gujarat were selected
for the study. Out of 54 years of data 18
were El Nino or hot years, 12 were La
Nina or cold years and rest 24 were neu-
tral or normal years, Statistical analysis
was done to work out annual viz., mean,
standard deviation (SD), coefficient of
variation (CV%) computed of four sta-
tion with different event El Nino, La Nina
and neutral year data were obtained
from http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/timo/projpages
and http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current.
The India influence the ENSO which de-
clared on the basis of southern oscilla-
tion index (SOI) which shown in the India
map with SOI impact value with latitude
or longitude and give the detail plot of
ENSO since 1879 to 2003 with courtesy
of NOAA (Fig. 1 and 2).
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11 ••
Int. J. Appl.Env. Sci. & Tech. Vol. 2 (1) 2014, pp. ISSN: 2321-82238-20
Gujrat

12 ••
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The average value of weather param-
eters of four stations (Navsari, Anand, S.
K. nagar and Junagardh) during the event
El Nino years, the results reveal that the
bright sunshine hours range were found
7.8 to 9.5 hrs with the mean value is 8.5
of four station during the El Nino year.
The rainfall during the event El Nino years
were range 404 to 1286 mm with the mean
rainfall 768.7 mm per year was received.
The maximum temperature (TMAX) range
were found 32.9 to 350
C with the mean
maximum temperature was 33.80
C and
minimum temperature range were 19.4 to
21.10
C with the mean minimum tempera-
ture was 200
C during the El Nino year of
four station of Gujarat (Table 4). The aver-
age value of weather parameters of four
stations during the event La Nina years,
the results reveal that the bright sunshine
hours range were found 8.1 to 9 hrs with
the mean value is 8.4 of four station dur-
ing the El Nino year. The rainfall during
the event El Nino years were range 287
to 1518 mm with the mean rainfall 878.7
mm per year was received. The maxi-
mum temperature (TMAX) range were
found 31.1 to 340
C with the mean maxi-
mum temperature (TMIN) was 330
C and
minimum temperature range were 19 to
20.60
C with the mean minimum tempera-
ture was 18.70
C during the El Nino year of
four station of Gujarat (Table 4).
Weather parameters during El Nino and La
Nina year
Impact of rainfall during ENSO
The heavy rainfall region of south Guja-
rat at Navsari the mean rainfall during El
Nino years was 1368 mm with range of
956-2114 mm. During the years if La Nina
events the mean rainfall was 1225 mm
with the range of 1139-1329 mm and dur-
ing Neutral years the mean rainfall was
1498 mm with range of 722-2266 mm. In
middle Gujarat at Anand the mean rain-
fall during El Nino years was 752 mm with
range of 404-1286 mm. During the years
of La Nina events the mean rainfall was
879 mm with the range of 432-1633 mm
and during Neutral years the mean rain-
fall was 901 mm with the range of 371-
1633 mm. In region of Saurashtra at Ju-
nagardh the mean rainfall during El Nino
years was 702 mm with range of 142-1320
mm. During the years of La Nina events
the mean rainfall was 460 mm with the
range of 548-1029 mm and Neutral years
the mean rainfall was 950 mm with the
range of 431-1293 mm. In north Gujarat
at S. K. Nagar the mean rainfall during El
Nino years was 663 mm with range of 68-
1527 mm, during La Nina events the mean
rainfall 430 mm with range of 185-716 mm
and during Neutral years the mean rain-
fall 559 mm with range of 228-1493 mm
(Table 5).
Rainfall deviation over normal
In the middle Gujarat at Anand the de-
viation of rainfall in terms of (mm/year)
over the normal during the El Nino Year
or warm episode, the results were found
that the range of deviation -406 to 479 mm
with mean deviation was 62 mm. During
the La Nina year the mean deviation of
rainfall was -77 mm with the range of -451
to 405 mm and neutral year the mean de-
viation of rainfall was -141 mm with the
range of -400 to 313 mm. The heavy rain-
fall region of south Gujarat at Navsari the
mean deviation of rainfall in terms of mm
per year over the normal during the El Nino
was 112 mm with the range of deviation
8-20

13 ••
-622 to 862 mm. During the La Nina year
the mean deviation of rainfall was -52 mm
with the range of -1400 to 781 mm and
neutral year the mean deviation of rain-
fall was -175 mm with the range of -261
to -71 mm. In the region of Saurashtra at
Junagardh the mean deviation of rainfall
in terms of mm per year over the normal
during the El Nino was 125 mm with the
range of deviation -363 to 499 mm. During
the La Nina year the mean deviation of
rainfall was -17 mm with the range of -652
to 739 mm and neutral year the mean de-
range of -533 to 0 mm. In north Gujarat at
S. K. nagar the mean deviation of rainfall
in terms of mm per year over the normal
during the El Nino was 28 mm with the
range of deviation -304 to 962 mm. Dur-
ing the La Nina year the mean deviation
of rainfall was 148 mm with the range of
-463 to 996 mm and neutral year the mean
deviation of rainfall was -102 mm with the
range of -346 to 184 mm which shown in
the (Table 6, 7 & 8).
Percentage of rainfall deviation over normal
The percentage of rainfall deviation dur-
ing the ENSO event in the middle Gujarat
at Anand the percent deviation of rainfall
in terms of (percent per year) over the
normal during the El Nino Year or warm
episode, the results were found that the
range of percent deviation -51 to 181 per-
cent with mean percent deviation was
5 percent. During the La Nina year the
mean percent deviation of rainfall was -9
percent with the range of percent devia-
tion -54 to 50 percent and neutral year the
tion -65 to 8. The heavy rainfall region of
south Gujarat at Navsari the mean per-
cent deviation of rainfall in terms of over
the normal during the El Nino was 8 per-
cent with the range of percent deviation
-100 to 56 percent. During the La Nina
year the mean percent deviation of rainfall
was -4 percent with the range of percent
deviation -100 to 56 percent and neutral
year the mean percent deviation of rain-
fall was -12 percent with the range of -12
to -5 percent. In the region of Saurashtra
at Junagardh the mean percent deviation
of rainfall in terms of percentage over the
normal during the El Nino was 16 percent
with the range of percent deviation -2 to
63 percent. During the La Nina year the
tion -100 to 66 percent and neutral year
the mean percent deviation of rainfall was
-17 percent with the range of percent -67
to 30 percent. In north Gujarat at S. K. na-
gar the mean percent deviation of rainfall
in terms of percent over the normal during
the El Nino was 5 percent with the range
of percent deviation -51 to 181 mm. Dur-
ing the La Nina year the mean percent
deviation of rainfall was 28 percent with
the range of percent deviation -87 to 187
percent and neutral year the mean per-
cent deviation of rainfall was -19 percent
with the range of percent deviation -65 to
35 percent which shown in the (Table 6,
7 & 8).
Percentage of coefficient of variances (CV %)
of rainfall during the ENSO
The Percentage of coefficient of variances
(CV%) of rainfall during the ENSO event in
the middle Gujarat at Anand the CV % of
rainfall over the normal during the El Nino
Year or warm episode, the results were
found that the range of CV% -21 to 84 with
mean CV% was 40 percent. During the La
Nina year the mean CV% of rainfall was
8-20

14 ••
52 percent with the range of CV% 24 to 92
and neutral year the mean CV% of rainfall
was 25 with the range of CV% 10 to 54.
The heavy rainfall region of south Gujarat
at Navsari the mean CV% of rainfall over
the normal during the El Nino was 18 with
the range of CV% 8 to 22. During the La
Nina year the mean CV% of rainfall was 9
with the range of CV% 8 to 9 and neutral
year the mean CV% of rainfall was 26 with
the range of CV% 19 to 41. In the region of
Saurashtra at Junagardh the mean CV%
of rainfall in terms of percentage over the
normal during the El Nino was 29 with the
range of CV% -3 to 53. During the La Nina
the range of CV% 32 to 71 and neutral
the range of CV% 13 to 24. In north Guja-
rat at S. K. nagar the mean CV% of rainfall
in terms of percent over the normal dur-
ing the El Nino was 53 with the range of
CV% -31 to 105. During the La Nina year
the mean CV% of rainfall was 40 with the
range of CV% 21 to 56 and neutral year
range of CV% 1 to 32 which shown in the
(Table 9, 10 & 11).
CONCLUSIONS
The BSS range were found 8.1 to 9 hrs
with the mean value is 8.4, The TMAX
range were found 31.1 to 34 0
C with the
mean TMIN was 33 0
C and TMIN range
were 19 to 20.6 0
C with the mean TMIN
was 18.7 0
C during El Nino. Navsari the
mean rainfall during El Nino was 1368
mm with range of 956-2114 mm. During
the years of La Nina events the mean rain-
fall was 1225 mm with range of 1139-1329
mm and Neutral years the mean rainfall
was 1498 mm with range 722-2266 mm.
Anand the mean rainfall during El Nino
was 752 mm with range 404-1286 mm.
During La Nina events the mean rainfall
was 879 mm with the range 432-1633 mm
and Neutral years mean rainfall was 901
mm with the range 371-1633 mm. Juna-
gardh, mean rainfall during El Nino was
702 mm with range 142-1320 mm. During
La Nina year the mean rainfall was 460
mm with the range of 548-1029 mm and
Neutral years the mean rainfall was 950
mm with the range of 431-1293 mm. S. K.
Nagar the mean rainfall during El Nino
years was 663 mm with range of 68-1527
mm, during La Nina events the mean
rainfall 430 mm with range of 185-716 mm
and during Neutral years the mean rainfall
559 mm with range 228-1493 mm. Anand
range of deviation -406 to 479 mm with
mean deviation was 62 mm. During the
La Nina mean deviation of rainfall was -77
mm with the range -451 to 405 mm and
neutral year mean deviation was -141 mm
with the range of -400 to 313 mm. At Navs-
ari, mean deviation of rainfall during the El
Nino was 112 mm with the range -622 to
862 mm, during the La Nina year mean
deviation was -52 mm with the range of
-1400 to 781 mm and neutral year mean
deviation of rainfall was -175 mm with the
range of -261 to -71 mm, Junagardh the
mean deviation of rainfall during El Nino
was 125 mm with the range -363 to 499
mm, during the La Nina year mean devia-
tion of rainfall was -17 mm with the range
of -652 to 739 mm and neutral year mean
deviation of rainfall was -136 mm with
range -533 to 0 mm and S. K. Nagar the
mean deviation of rainfall during El Nino
was 28 mm with the range -304 to 962
mm, the La Nina year mean deviation of
rainfall was 148 mm with the range -463
to 996 mm and neutral year mean de-
range of -346 to 184. The percentage of
8-20

15 ••
rainfall deviation during El Nino year at
Anand range of percent deviation -51 to
181 percent with mean percent deviation
was 5 percent, during the La Nina year
mean percent deviation was -9 with the
range -54 to 50 percent and neutral year
the mean percent deviation was -17 with
the range of percent deviation -65 to 8, at
Navsari mean percent deviation of rainfall
during the El Nino was 8 with the range of
percent deviation -100 to 56, during the La
Nina year the mean percent deviation of
rainfall was -4 percent with range of per-
cent deviation -100 to 56 and neutral year
with the range -12 to -5. Junagardh the
mean percent deviation of rainfall during
the El Nino was 16 with the range -2 to 63,
during the La Nina was -2 with the range
of percent deviation -100 to 66 and neu-
tral year was -17 with the range of -67 to
30 percent. In S. K. Nagar, mean percent
deviation of rainfall during the El Nino
was 5 percent with the range -51 to 181
mm, during the La Nina years mean per-
cent deviation of rainfall was 28 with the
range of -87 to 187 and neutral year mean
percent deviation was -19 with the range
of percent deviation -65 to 35. The CV %
at Anand, were found that the range of -21
to 84 with mean was 40 percent. During
the La Nina year the mean was 52 with
the range 24 to 92 and neutral year the
mean was 25 with the range 10 to 54. At
Navsari the mean CV% of rainfall over the
normal during the El Nino was 18 with the
range of CV% 8 to 22. During the La Nina
the range of CV% 8 to 9 and neutral year
range of CV% 19 to 41. At Junagardh the
mean CV% of rainfall during the El Nino
was 29 with the range of CV% -3 to 53.
During the La Nina year the mean CV%
was 52 with the range 32 to 71 and neu-
tral year the mean was 20 with the range
of 13 to 24 and S. K. nagar the mean CV%
during the El Nino was 53 with the range
of -31 to 105. During the La Nina year the
mean CV% was 40 with the range 21 to 56
and neutral year the mean CV% was 10
with the range 1 to 32.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors is deeply thank full to sup-
ported by Government of Gujarat in the
plan scheme under “Centre for weather
forecasting and climate change,
BH-10947, operated in the Department of
Agricultural Meteorology, B. A. College of
Agriculture, AAU, Anand for provide infra-
structure, Climatologically data (four sta-
tion) and other ensure facility which ever
need during course of study period.
8-20

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Int. J. Appl.Env. Sci. & Tech. Vol. 1 (1) 2013, pp.Int. J. Appl.Env. Sci. & Tech. Vol. 2 (1) 2014, pp. ISSN: 2321-82238-20

17 ••

18 ••

19 ••
REFERENCES
1. Curtis, S., Ahmed S., Robert, F. Adler,
G., Huffman, J., Guojun, G., and Yang,
H. (2007). Precipitation Extremes Es-
timated by GPCP and TRMM: ENSO
Relationships. J. Hydromet., 8: 678–689.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM601.1
2. Dai, A., Fung, I. Y. and Del Ge-
nio, A. D. (1997). Surface observed
global land precipitation varia-
tions during 1900-1988. J. Climate,
10:2943-2962, doi:10.1175/1520-
0442(1997)010<2943:SOGLPV>2.0.
CO;2.
3. Gadgil, S., Rajeevan, M. and Francis,
P. A. (2007). Monsoon variability: Links
to major oscillations over the equato-
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93(2):182-194
4. Glantz, M. H., Katz, R. W. and Nicholls,
N. (1991). Teleconnections Linking
Worldwide Climate Anomalies. Cam-
bridge University Press, 535pp.
5. Goddard, L. and Dilley, M. (2005). El
Nino: Catastrophe or opportunity. J.
Climate, 18: 651-665.
6. IPCC, (2001). Climate Change: The
Scientific Basis, contribution of work-
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port of the International Panel on Cli-
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Press 881 pp.
7. Kumar, A., Pandey, V., Shekh, A. M., Lu-
nagaria, M. M. and Patel, H. R. (2012).
The impact of El Nino and La Nina
(ENSO) on Monsoon Rainfall in Guja-
rat. J. Agrometeor., 14(1SI): 151-156.
8. Lyon, B., and A.G. Barnston, (2005).
ENSO and the Spatial Extent of In-
terannual. Precipitation Extremes in
Tropical Land Areas. J. Climate, 18,
5095-5109
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20 ••
9. NOAA, (2007). NOAA National Weath-
er (Public Fact Sheet) what are El Nino,
La Nina, and ENSO Service. http://www.
cpc.ncep.noaa.gov
10. Parthasarathy, B., Munor, A. A. and Ku-
mar, K. R. (1995) All India monthly and
seasonal rainfall series 1871-1993.
Theor. Appl. Climatol. 49: 217-224
11. Philander, S. G. (1990). El Nino, La
Nina and the Southern Oscillations,
Academic Press, 293pp.
12. Trenberth, K. E. and Hoar, T. J. (1996).
The 1990-1995 El Nino Southern Oscil-
lation event. Longest on record. Geo-
phys. Rev. Lett., 23: 57-60.
13. Venkataraman, S. (2003). An Insight
into climate change and future crop
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climatic factors on sustainability of
crop production with environmental
conservation of developing countries.
Internat. J. Ecol. Environ. Sci., 29: 151-156.
8-20
••••✴❦❧➢➢❧❦✴••••

21 ••
1&5
Geography Department, Utkal University,Bhubaneswar,Odisha
2 & 3
Hindalco industries Limited, R&D,Environment Cell, Hirakud, Odisha, Sambalpur
4
P.G. Departement of environmental Sciences; Sambalpur University; Jyotivihar;Burla
Email :
1&5
Geography Department, Utkal University,Bhubaneswar,Odisha
2 & 3
Hindalco industries Limited, R&D,Environment Cell, Hirakud, Odisha, Sambalpur
4
P.G. Departement of environmental Sciences; Sambalpur University; Jyotivihar;Burla
Email :
Earth’s linearly averaged surface tem-
perature has increased by 0.74°C during
the period 1901-2005 as reported by the
latest estimates by the IPCC (2007). The
rates of climate change are significantly
different among regions (IPCC 2007).
According to Hingane, Rupa Kumar and
Ramana Murty (1985) during the last
century, surface temperature over In-
dia has shown a significant increasing
trend which is attributed to rise in maxi-
mum temperature. Rupa Kumar and
Hingane (1988) investigated long-term
variations of seasonal and annual sur-
face air temperature at six Indian indus-
trial and non-industrial cities each and
have concluded that the non-industrial
stations did not show significant trends
and there was either a cooling tenden-
cy or cessation of warming after the
late 1950s at most of the Industrial cit-
ies. Thapliyal and Kulshreshtha (1991)
study on temperature trends over In-
dian cities indicates a slight warming
trend between 1901 and 1990. Hingane
(1996) study estimates rising trends of
0.84 and 1.39 1o
C per 100 years in the
mean surface temperature calculated
for Mumbai and Kolkata, respectively.
Òne of the hottest issue of the decade is climate change.Temperature is one of the in-
dicative factors of climate change. In this paper meteorological measurements of the
five stations of coastal Odessa namely Paradeep, Puri, Balesore, Chandbali, Gopalpur
is analyzed. The maximum, minimum and mean temperature for the period 1990-2009
is taken into consideration. To study variability of climate change the odisha coastal
zone is divided into north, central and south coastal zones and the entire year is di-
vided into winter,premonsoon,monsoon and post monsoon to know the variability in
temp season wise.
INTRODUCTION
Key Words: Climate Change, Temperature, Maximum Temperature, Minimum
Temperature, Meteorological.
21-26

22 ••
Rupa Kumar et. al., (2002) highlighted
that the warming trends were visible
during all the four seasons in all-India
mean surface air temperatures during
1901-2000 from a network of 31 well-
distributed representative stations over
India. The results showed higher rate
of temperature increase during winter
(0.04°C/decade) and post-monsoon
(0.05°C/decade) seasons compared
to that of annual (0.03°C/decade). The
variability of minimum and maximum
temperature in Poland reveals that the
strongest increase in minimum and
maximum temperatures occurs in mid
and late winter which has been studied
by Wibig and Glowicki, (2002). Though
beginning of winter and summer indi-
cates decreasing tendencies. Rao, Mur-
ty & Joshi (2005) analysed the extreme
weather events such as high and low
temperatures, heavy rainfall in connec-
tion with the climate change over India
and concluded that during summer 60-
70% of the coastal stations are show-
ing an increasing trend in critical ex-
treme maximum day temperature and
increase in night temperatures. Dhodre
et. al., (2009) research aimed at quanti-
fying the change in surface air tempera-
ture at India’s four most populated cities
- Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai.
While Mondal et. al., study (2012) dealt
mainly concerned with the changing
trend of rainfall of a river basin of Orissa
near the coastal region.
Therefore, this study is proposed to
investigate the annual and seasonal
temperature trends at five stations in
coastal Odisha namely Paradeep,Puri,
Chandbali,Gopalpur and Balasore. Our
interest also arises to find out whether
there is any change in temperature in
MATERIAL & METHODS
the coastal zone of Odisha. The study
area coastal odisha is in the north-
eastern part of the Indian peninsula is
located between 170
49’N and 220
34’N
latitudes and 810
27’E and 870
29’E longi-
tude is potentially vulnerable to climate
change.
For this study, monthly mean series of
maximum and minimum temperature
were obtained from the Indian Mete-
orological Department, Bhubaneswar,
India. From the monthly mean maxi-
mum and mean minimum temperature
we calculated the monthly mean tem-
perature separately for each month. Ac-
cordingly the yearly totals were calcu-
lated for each year. From the monthly
mean maximum, minimum and mean
temperature & coefficient of variation
have been computed for each month
and each season namely winter, sum-
mer, monsoon and post monsoon. For
the analysis of winter temperature De-
cember, January and February months
are considered as these three months
record lower temperatures. March,
April and May are the months with
highest mean maximum temperatures
and, therefore, represent the summer
season/pre-monsoon. June to august
months constitute monsoon season and
September, October, November form
the post monsoon season. To study the
variability of climate change in coastal
odisha ,the coastal zone of Odisha is
divided into north, central and south
zone.the north zone consists of chand-
bali and Balasore,the central zone com-
prises of Puri and Paradeep and central
zone consists of Gopalpur. Changes in
maximum and minimum temperature
were examined over these regions.
21-26

23 ••
The figure a represents that there is slight
rise in maximum temperature in the North
zone compared to south and central zone
of coastal Odisha. The figure a indicates
a slight rise in minimum temperature in
north zone than south zone followed by
central zone of the Odisha coastal zone.
Station-Wise Temperature
Zone wise mean max. and mean minimum
21-26

24 ••
Season wise
The graph indicates a slight rise of
about 0.540
C in the minimum tempera-
ture over the coastal zone during pre-
monsoon and a rise of 0.0290
C in mon-
soon fallowed by winter with lowest
minimum temperature of 0.0790
C.The
second point to note is that there is no
fluctuation in minimum temperature
during post-monsoon i.e. the minimum
temperature is 00
C.
21-26

25 ••
CONCLUSION
The present study analyzed the tempera-
ture data for twenty years 1990-2009 at five
stations of coastal Odisha for the determi-
nation of the trend of temperature. From
the above results it is clear that there is a
rise in maximum temperature in the en-
tire coastal zone of Odisha. there is also
a slight rise in minimum temperatura rise
northern and central part of coastal Odi-
sha except southern Odisha where nega-
tive coefficient indicates slight decrease
in the minimum temperature. The sea-
son wise trend analysis indicates a slight
rise in the winter maximum temperature
in Odisha coast .The summer minimum
temperature is increasing every year by
21-26

26 ••
0.054 0
C .However the winter minimum
temperature is decreasing each year but
at a very low rate of 0.079 0
C. However the
limitations of this works are that the pe-
riod of 20 years may be regarded as short
duration for the determination of trend.
REFERENCES:
1. S.K Dash and J .C. R. Hunt , (2007).
variability of climate change in India,
current science , Vol. 93. No. 6,25 SEP-
TEMBER 2007
2. Tanushree Deb Roy,Kishore K. Das ,
(2013). Temperature Trends at Four
Stations of Assam during the period
1981-2010, International Journal of Scien-
tific and Research Publications, Volume 3,
Issue 6, June 2013 1 ISSN 2250-3153
3. Keshav Lall Maharjan and Niraj
Prakash Joshi,climate change ,agri-
culture and rural livelihoods In devel-
oping countries with reference to
Nepal.
21-26
••••✴❦❧➢➢❧❦✴••••

27 ••
Department of Zoology, Govt. M.H. College of Home Science and Science for women, Jabalpur
Email : harindermaini@gmail.com
Department of Zoology, Govt. M.H. College of Home Science and Science for women, Jabalpur
Email : harindermaini@gmail.com
The rate at which humans are altering
the environment has the impacts on
biodiversity, many species are already
committed to extinction.
Earlier studies on the avifauna of cen-
tral India are contributed by Ali (1939,
1940) based on collection made in
Dhar, Indore, Gwalior and Bhopal,
Hewetson(1939) on Betul, Roonwal
(1942), on Hoshangabad, Ali and Rip-
ley(1968-1974) Majumdar (1984) There
is contribution of Bechler et. al., 1987,
Daniels 1989, Joshua and Johns-
ing(1988) Mattu (2006), Thakur (2010) in
this field. But little is known about the
birds of thickly populated area of Col-
lege Campus of Govt. M.H. Collage of
Science and Home Science for women
and its surroundings area.
ßirds with about 9856 living species play important roles in ecosystem.Twelve percent
of bird species were deemed endangered or threatened with extinction by IUCN; 2008
Redlist. The central point of India is located in Jabalpur district and our college cam-
pus is situated in central area of the city. City is surrounded by three national parks and
many water bodies. In addition good vegetation in and around agricultural fields and
human settlements is a characteristic feature of the study area. The present study rep-
resent the picture of bird community structure of a small area situated in central part
of city. We analysed avian species belonging to ten orders and twenty one families.
INTRODUCTION
Key Words: Abundance, Avifauna Analysis, Community Structure.
27-35
MATERIAL AND METHOD
The stratified random sampling tech-
nique was followed for studying the birds
of each area which involved the division
of sites into different strata. These inves-
tigation were conducted during different
seasons of the years 2013-2014.We also
considered and observed the activities
& behaviour of the birds. Monitoring the
transect area was done in the morning &
evening hours as they were most active
diving sunrise and before sunset. They
References: 11Pages:9

28 ••
were observed with aid of field binocular
and photograph were shot with DSC-HX-
10V digital still 16X optical zoom, Lens G.
Camera.
Birds were identified with help of various
grids such as ZSI Jabalpur, followed by
Ali and Ripley (1987) and Salim Ali, 2012,
The book of Indian birds, Thirteen edition.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Present study on bird community of Col-
lege campus and its surrounding area
revealed the presence of 47 species of
birds belonging to genera spread over 21
families and 10 orders as observed by us.
Further it is interested to note that birds
of order- Coraciformes dominated the di-
versity with nineteen species as identified
by us. Family wise analysis showed that
family Ardeidae with six species domi-
nated the avifauna of this area followed
by Acceipitridae (4 each) Collumbidae,
phasianidae Cuculidae, passeridae (3 each)
Phalacrocoracidae, phasianidae, Alcedi-
nidae, Bucerotidae, Muscicapidae, Mus-
cicapinae, Nectariniidae (2 each) and
podicipedidae Meropidae, campephagidae
Irenidae, Paridae, sturnidae. Dicruridae,
corvidale(1 each) in the study area.
Further analysis of relative abundance
shows that of 47 species 9 were very
common, 27 common, 11 were occa-
sional & uncommon. Of local migrants 4
species were common for 6 months for
breeding purpose in the campus area
during rainy season. Maximum species
of order coraciformes are winter visitors.
But some species like pigeon, Dove, Koel,
Myna, parakeet, Kingfisher, Indian chat
are visible though out the year. The pre-
sent work is conformity with the earlier
work of Chandra k. et. al., (2008) In last few
years year some of the common birds like
crow, House sparrow, Vulture, Myna de-
creased and abundance of local migrato-
ry birds like Heron, Cormorant, Egret are
increased in the study area. Disappear-
ance of vulture, crow, House sparrow
from city area & their movement towards
outer area is due to the new technologies
& life style introduced in the city.
27-35

29 ••

30 ••

31 ••

32 ••

33 ••

34 ••

35 ••
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank Dr. Sambath of ZSI, Jabalpur for
his help and guidance in identification of
the Species. I am grateful to the Univer-
sity Grant Commission C.R.O., Bhopal for
funding the project on “animal diversity
in college Campus”. I am also thankful to
Sukarn Singh Maini for his untiring contri-
bution.
REFERENCES
1. Ali, S. and Repley, D (1983). A picto-
rial Guide to The Birds of The Indian
Subcontinent. Oxford University press
Delhi.
2. Ali,S The book of Indian bards. Thir-
teenth edition, Revised by H .C .Daniel
(2012), Bombay Natural History Soci-
ety Oxford University press.
3. Chandra K. Mahabal A., (2008) Faunal
diversity of Jabalpur district. Madhya
Pradesh. Zoological survey of India Aves
299-375.
4. Daniels. R. J. R. (1989), A Conservation
strategy for the birds of U. Kannada
district. Ph.D. Thesis, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore.
5. He wet son, C .E. (1939). The bird year
in Betel. J. Bombay Nat. His. Soc., 41:286
– 310.
6. Joshua, J. and Johnsing A, J.T. (1988)
Observation on birds on mundane-
thurai plateau Tamilnadu. Journal of the
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.85:565-577.
7. Majumdar, N. (1984). On a collection
of birds from Bustar District. M.P. Rec.
Zool. Surv. Of India Occ..Pap No.,59.”1-54.
8. Mattu, V.K. and Thakur, M.L. (2006)
Bird diversity and status in summer
hill, Shimla (H.P) Indian Forester 132
(10): 1271-1281.
9. Roonwal, M.L., (1942) .On a collection
of birds. From Hoshangabad district.
Rec..Ind.Mus., 44: 107-137.
10. Thakur, M.L., Mattu V.K, Hira L.V.; Hem-
raj .and Thakur V. (2010) Avifauna of
Akri Hill Solan (H.M.) India. Indian birds
5(6):162-166.
11. Thakur, M.L, Mattu V.K, Sharma V.N,
Bhardwaj. R and Thakur V. (2010) Bird
diversity in Sarkaghat Valley, Mandi
(H.M.), India. Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci. Vol.1
(4) 2010: 940-950.
••••✴❦❧➢➢❧❦✴••••
27-35

36 ••

37 ••
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isotope ratios of some mangroves in North Queensland. In: H.J. Teas (Ed.), Physiology and Management of Mangroves. W. Junk.
The Hague. pp. 15-23.
From website:-National Oceans and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 1995. Regional Perspectives: Indian
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Volume No. 2, Issue No. 1, 2014
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1. Diversity Of Land Snails In Some Residential 01
Areas Of Jabalpur (M.P.)
Reeta Solanki and Haninder Maini
2. Dermatoglyphics in Down’s Syndrome 04
H. Maini and R. Solanki
3. El Nino Impact Of Gujarat Rainfall, India 08
Ǡnil kumar and Ѷyas pandey
4. Climate Change And Temperature Trends In Coastal 21
Zone Of Odisha During The Period 1990-2009
Debahuti Acharya,Pradipta.K.Nanda,
Siba.P.Panda, Ranjita.P.Panda and
G.K Panda
Bird Diversity in Campus and its Surrounding Area,
Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh), India
Haninder Maini and S.B. Shrivastava
5. 27

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