vRAN and OPEN RAN Training by TelcoLearn
- 2. Learning Outcomes 1. Understanding RAN Evolution • Traditional to Virtual RAN (vRAN): RAN has evolved from traditional, hardware-centric systems to more flexible, software-based architectures (vRAN), allowing for improved scalability, efficiency, and lower costs. vRAN implementation involves decoupling software and hardware, but faces challenges such as complexity and dependency on high-performance servers. 2. O-RAN Framework and Alliance • History & Vision: O-RAN promotes an open, interoperable RAN ecosystem, aiming to reduce vendor lock-in and foster innovation. The O-RAN Alliance works on open standards to create a flexible, programmable RAN, incorporating AI/ML for intelligent network management. www.Telcolearn.com
- 3. 3. Key 3GPP RAN Architecture Components • C-RAN and gNB: 3GPP's C-RAN splits baseband processing from radio units, with components like the gNB-CU (Centralized Unit) and gNB-DU (Distributed Unit), and key interfaces like E1 and F1 connecting network elements for efficient management. 4. O-RAN Architecture and Interfaces • Building Blocks: O-RAN’s architecture integrates RICs, O-Cloud, and xApps for enhanced control and automation. Key interfaces like A1, E2, and O1 are used for communication and management, allowing seamless integration with 3GPP standards and real-time network optimization. www.Telcolearn.com
- 4. 5. RAN Intelligence and Service Management • RIC and SMO: The SMO manages network services, while the RIC (Real-Time and Non- Real-Time) handles tasks like mobility, QoS, and interference management. Interfaces like E2 and O1 enable communication between RAN elements, with use cases like Traffic Steering and QoS optimization improving overall network performance. www.Telcolearn.com
- 5. 1. Evolution of RAN • History & Evolution: RAN (Radio Access Network) has evolved from traditional, monolithic systems to more flexible, efficient architectures. • Traditional RAN to Distributed RAN to Centralized RAN: Initially, RAN functions were centralized, but with Distributed RAN (DRAN) and Centralized RAN (CRAN), these functions were split for better performance and efficiency. • Evolution to Virtual RAN (vRAN): Virtual RAN uses software to separate hardware and software, improving scalability, flexibility, and cost-efficiency. • vRAN Implementation & Limitations: vRAN reduces the need for proprietary hardware but has limitations such as complex network management and dependency on high- performance servers. 2. What is O-RAN? • History & Objectives: O-RAN (Open RAN) aims to promote open, interoperable RAN components and reduce vendor lock-in. • O-RAN Alliance: The O-RAN Alliance is a global initiative driving open standards for RAN with contributions from various telecom industry leaders. • Over all Vision: To create an open, flexible, and programmable RAN architecture, leveraging cloud technologies, AI/ML, and vendor diversity. www.Telcolearn.com
- 6. 3. 3GPP RAN Architecture • C-RAN (3GPP): Centralized RAN in 3GPP refers to separating the baseband unit from the radio unit, improving resource pooling and efficiency. • gNB-CU and gNB-DU: These are the control unit and distributed unit in the 5G architecture, with CU handling higher layers and DU managing lower layers. • E1 and F1 Interfaces: These interfaces connect various parts of the RAN (e.g., CU to DU, or between different network elements). 4. Main O-RAN Architecture • Building Blocks: The O-RAN architecture includes components like the RAN Intelligent Controllers (RIC), O-Cloud, and xApps. • O-RAN Alliance: The O-RAN Alliance is a global initiative driving open standards for RAN with contributions from various telecom industry leaders. • Simple Use Case: Traffic steering based on real-time data to optimize network performance. www.Telcolearn.com • Relation to 3GPP: O-RAN complements 3GPP’s standards and allows flexible, open integration of network functions.
- 7. 5. Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) • Purpose: SMO orchestrates and manages RAN functions, ensuring optimal network performance and resource allocation. • Non-Real Time RIC: Focuses on policy management, network design, and configuration without real-time constraints. • Interfaces: A1 (for communication with the RIC) and O1 (for management and monitoring). 6. Near-Real Time RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) & E2 Interface • Purpose & Responsibilities: The Near-Real Time RIC handles tasks like mobility management and QoS in near-real time. • xApps & AI/ML Models: It includes applications (xApps) and AI/ML models for optimized decision-making and network performance. www.Telcolearn.com • E2 Interface: The E2 interface connects the Near-Real Time RIC to the RAN elements, enabling efficient communication and control.
- 8. Thank You for Your Attention Email – info@TelcoLearn.com Mobile - +91-8810549800 www.TelcoLearn.com www.Telcolearn.com