VYGOTSKY'S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
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Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development emphasizes the influence of social interactions and cultural context on children's thinking. Key elements include the importance of language as a tool for learning, the concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD), and the role of more knowledgeable others (MKO) in facilitating cognitive growth. The theory suggests that effective teaching methods, such as scaffolding and the play way method, enhance children's cognitive development.
VYGOTSKY'S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
- 1. Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development (Socio-Cultural Approach) K.Thangavel, Assistant Professor, Thiagarajar College of Preceptors, Madurai-9. 2/17/2021 K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of Preceptors
- 2. Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development (Socio-Cultural Approach) 2/17/2021 K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of Preceptors
- 3. • He was born in orsha, a part of Russian empire (Belarus) on 17th november • Graduated from Moscow University in 1917. • He did extensive research in cognitive development. • He believed that children’s thinking is affected by their social knowledge. 2/17/2021 K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of Preceptors
- 4. Important features of Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development • Culture of the community in which the child lives, makes a profound impact on its thinking. • Knowledge of the culture of the community is passed on to the child by his parents, teachers, kith and kin. • As a result of assimilation of this knowledge, cognitive development takes place in the child. 2/17/2021 K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of Preceptors
- 5. • Language is the most important tool for gaining the social knowledge. • The child can be taught this socio-cultural knowledge by other people via language. • This is the method of helping the child in its cognitive development. • Intelligence as “the capacity to learn from instruction” emphasis that there is a requirement for a more knowledgeable other than person or teacher. • MKO ( More Knowledgeable Other) 2/17/2021 K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of Preceptors
- 6. MKO • Parents • Teachers • Instructors • Coaches • Experts or professionals • Friends, peer group and computers can serve as MKO 2/17/2021 K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of Preceptors
- 7. Vygotsky’s Form-Board Test • Eg. A young child and his father are playing with wooden toys of different shapes. • Father describes each shapes • Encourages the child • Child grasps the concept • Father allows him to complete the task alone • This is an example of social interaction influencing cognitive development of a child 2/17/2021 K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of Preceptors
- 8. Assumptions of Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognitive Development There are seven major assumptions • 1. Through both informal and formal conversations, adults convey to children • Eg. Father is telling about transportation • 2. Thought and language become increasingly independent 2/17/2021 K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of Preceptors
- 9. • 3. Complete mental processes begin as social activities. • 4. i) Level of actual development child perform individually • ii) Level of potential development • 5. ZPD – Zone of proximal development 2/17/2021 K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of Preceptors
- 10. • 6.Providing scaffolding to make the child performing in ZPD zone. • 7. Play allows children to stretch themselves cognitively 2/17/2021 K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of Preceptors
- 11. Implications • Teachers help – cognitive development of children • Socio-cultural knowledge helps in growth of intelligence • Challanging tasks promote maximum cognitive development • Scaffolding makes teaching – learning process more effective. 2/17/2021 K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of Preceptors
- 12. • Teaching through mother tongue • Social interactions are more beneficial than • Self-learning • Play way method is highly effective for young children 2/17/2021 K.Thangavel, Thiagarajar College of Preceptors