W state[1] spring12
- 1. Social Justice Market and Welfare State Child Right and Poverty in Development Spring 12
- 2. Social Justice and Rights Social Justice : distribution of good, money and services •State & Market & Social Networks • Market = Exchange of goods and services •Market is one important mechanism for distribution of social goods but only one. •Fairness is not the guiding principle Objective to ensure life & freedom
- 3. Social Justice and Market Reasons for Justice •Development as Freedom: Social development & individual freedom •Link between social responsibility and effective power: If some one has the power to make changes that influence social justice MUST do it. •Mutual benefit of cooperation
- 4. Welfare State •A welfare state is a concept of government where the state plays the primary role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being and rights of its citizens. • It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility
- 5. Welfare State •“There is a kind of basic human equality associated with the concept of full membership of a community” T. H. Marshall • Full citizenship = enjoying Human Rights
- 6. Rival views of the Welfare State Positive Negative Strong Weak
- 7. Rival views of the Welfare State Positive Negative Strong Better life for everybody. Titmus; Marshall Weak
- 8. Rival views of the Welfare State Positive Negative Strong Better life for everybody. Titmus; Profit crunch. Kalecki Marshall Fiscal crisis. O’Connor Weak
- 9. Rival views of the Welfare State Positive Negative Strong Better life for everybody. Profit crunch. Kalecki Fiscal crisis. O’Connor Weakening of “work ethic”. Moynihan Bureaucracy. Weak
- 10. Rival views of the Welfare State Positive Negative Strong Better life for everybody. Profit crunch. Kalecki Fiscal crisis. O’Connor Weakening of “work ethic”. Moynihan Bureaucracy. Weak Status quo. Class, status and power differences. Exploitation.
- 11. Rival views of the Welfare State Positive Negative Strong Better life for everybody. Profit crunch. Kalecki Fiscal crisis. O’Connor Weakening of “work ethic”. Moynihan Bureaucracy. Weak Evolutionary step towards Status quo. classless society. Bernstein Class, status and power Debate differences. Exploitation.
- 12. Rival views of the Welfare State Positive Negative Strong Better life for everybody. Profit crunch. Kalecki Fiscal crisis. O’Connor Weakening of “work ethic”. Moynihan Bureaucracy. Weak Evolutionary step towards Status quo. classless society. Bernstein Class, status and power Debatte differences. Exploitation. Slow economic growth. Low efficiency. Washington Consensus
- 13. Rival views of the Welfare State Positive Negative Strong Better life for everybody. Profit crunch. Kalecki Fiscal crisis. O’Connor Weakening of “work ethic”. Moynihan Bureaucracy. Weak Evolutionary step towards Status quo. classless society. Bernstein Class, status and power Debatte differences. Exploitation. Necessary to mitigate effects of Slow economic growth. markets, but markets need Low efficiency. Washington strengthening (3rd way). Consensus Giddens
- 14. At what are markets efficient? Definition: A market is a rationing mechanism It is one important mechanism of distribution but only one p S D q Excluded
- 15. Macroeconomic stability/trade reforms + Economic growth + Targeted safety net programmes = ? Human development
- 16. Macroeconomic & Social Policy • Macroeconomic framework is usually set up first – Fiscal deficit and inflation targets, with no regard for issues like unemployment, constrains on social spending, etc. • Afterwards: Social Policy – Sector policies and Safety Nets to mitigate effects of macroeconomic policies Why is social policy a residual category?
- 17. Washington Consensus • Fiscal discipline. • Redirect spending priorities from things like indiscriminate subsidies to basic health and education. • Lower marginal tax rates and broaden the tax base. • Interest rate liberalization. • A competitive exchange rate. • Trade liberalization. • Liberalization of FDI inflows. • Privatization. • Deregulation, i.e. abolishing barriers to entry and exit. • Secure property rights.
- 18. Current Development Paradigm Some controversial and relevant development issues: • Privatization • Decentralization • Civil society • Participation They are often used as rhetoric
- 19. Current Development Paradigm Some controversial and relevant development issues: • Role of the State • Corporations International and National, Social responsibility. • NGOs role.
- 20. Current Development Paradigm Some key issues in some LA countries’ model : • Strong role of the State. • Promote and ensure human rights: political and social rights. • Privilege national over international + regional strategy and cooperation. • Long term economic growth necessary but not sufficient condition for economic welfare. ‘Descent job’ creation • Redistribution, reduction of inequality.