waste management (1).pptx for protection
- 2. INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND Waste could be defined as any substance that constitute unwanted materials that needs to be disposed of or discarded as being broken, worn out, contaminated or otherwise spoilt. Biomedical waste is any waste generated during the diagnosis, treatment, immunization of human beings, or presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface.
- 3. Biomedical waste Biomedical waste is broadly classified as: hazardous and non-hazardous. WHO estimates bio-hazardous waste to constitute about 20% of all the biomedical waste while 80% is considered to be non-hazardous
- 4. Types of Biomedical wastes 1- General (non-risk) waste: This is also referred to as general or non-infectious waste.. This waste is generally harmless and needs no special handling. Examples in this category include: packaging or unwanted paper that have not been contaminated with infectious or hazardous materia 2- Non -hazardous biomedical wastes These are wastes that have been used for medical care but not contaminated with blood or body fluids of the patient. Examples in this category include: gloves, gauze dressings and swabs.
- 5. Types of Biomedical wastes 3- Hazardous biomedical waste This infectious waste is suspected to contain pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi)that can cause disease on workers Examples in this category include: cultures and stocks of infectious agents from laboratory work waste from surgery and autopsies on patients with infectious diseases (e.g. tissues, and materials or equipment that have been in contact with blood or other body fluids) 4- Pathological waste Pathological waste includes body parts, animal carcasses and body fluids.
- 6. Types of Biomedical wastes 5- Cytotoxic waste Cytotoxic is the term used to describe materials that are destructive to cells. Examples in this category include: any unwanted cytotoxic drug preparations, disposable laboratory consumables and sharps that may have been contaminated with cytotoxic material 6- Chemical waste Chemical waste consists of discarded solid, liquid, and gaseous chemicals. Examples in this category include: solvents, organic and inorganic chemicals, Wastes containing heavy metal
- 7. Highly hazardous biomedical waste Highly hazardous healthcare wastes that should be given special attention, includes i. Sharps Needles, syringes, razor and scalpel blades, capillary tubes, Pasteur pipettes, contaminated broken glass etc. ii. Highly infectious physiological fluids, pathological and anatomical waste, stools from cholera patients, and sputum and blood of patients with highly infectious diseases such as TB and HIV/AIDS. iii. Cultures and stocks Inoculated or contaminated media, aspirates, liquid cultures, blood and body fluids etc. iv. Radioactive waste includes: solid, liquid, and gaseous materials contaminated
- 8. Receptacle Waste Receptacle Characteristic s Color Type No special requirement Black Plastic bag or container Leak-proof Blue Container or plastic bag Leak proof Yellow Container or plastic Leak-proof suitable for autoclave Red or yellow marked HIGHLY INFECTIOUS Container or plastic bag Puncture-proof Leak-proof Yellow, marked SHARPS Suitable box or cardboard box Description Category Similar to domestic or municipal waste General Non – hazardous Non-sharp infectious and chemical residues Hazardous Highly infectious non-sharp waste Highly hazardous Sharps
- 10. Waste Management Waste Management is the process associated with segregation ,Collection, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal. The laboratory management shall: a) Take all necessary steps to ensure that the waste from medical laboratories is collected, transported, handled, stored, treated and disposed of without any adverse effect on health and the environment. b) Ensure timely collection of waste from the health care facilities. c) Provide training on waste management to all her workers
- 12. 1- Segregation Waste is separated at the point of generation into different categories such as sharps, pathological waste, chemical waste, pharmaceutical waste, and non-hazardous waste. This is done to ensure appropriate disposal methods for each type.
- 13. 2-Collection - Waste should be collected daily - Specific routes should be planned - Bags should be labeled - Bags or containers should be replaced immediately - Supply of fresh collection bags or containers should be readily available - SOPs for the handling of accidents and spillages must be readily available - Spill kits should be available Medical waste requires careful collection in specially designated containers that are color-coded and labeled to differentiate between the types of waste.
- 14. 3-Storage Storage Biomedical waste must be kept in dry safety boxes or closable containers and stored in a safe place or secure location. Safety boxes should be stores for not more than one week The following are recommended storage areas and its equipment: a)The floor should be hard-standing with good drainage and be easy to clean. b) Should be protected from the sun. c )The area should be clearly demarcated & warning trespassers d) The storage area should afford easy access for staff in charge of handling the waste. e) It should be possible to lock the store to prevent access by unauthorized persons. f)The storage area should not be located close to patient areas, or to fresh food stores or food preparation areas
- 15. 4-Transportation - Keep boxes upright and avoid direct contact of safety boxes with other waste or medical supplies in the same vehicle. - Keep safety boxes dry. - Be sure you are aware of the transport schedule. - Use designated trolley or wheel barrel - After transport, clean vehicle surfaces The transportation of medical waste from the site of generation to the disposal or treatment facility needs to be carried out by trained personnel. Specially designed vehicles are used to minimize the risk of exposure and spillage.
- 16. 5- Treatment There are different methods of treatment of biohazard materials which include: a) Autoclaving b) Chemical Disinfection c) Incineration The method chosen often depends on the type of waste and local regulations.
- 17. 6-disposal Sanitary landfill: - Properly constructed and operated land fill sites for municipal solid waste including healthcare wastes. - Treated healthcare waste can be safely disposed off in sanitary landfill site Safe burial practices: - Every time waste is added to the pit, cover it with a layer of soil. - When the level of waste reaches to within 30-50 cm of the surface, fill the pit with soil. - The filled pit should be marked with a peg or some other mechanism.
- 18. Waste Management Developing a Laboratory Waste Management Plan a) Designate a responsible person b) Conduct Waste Management survey and invite suggestions. c) Recommend improvements and prepare a set of arrangements for their implementation. d) Draft the Laboratory Waste Management plan. e) Approval and implementation. f Review the Laboratory Waste Management plan.