Water Resources for Envoirmental Science.ppt
- 1. Water Resources -Vijay Samant -152358 -B.Tech.(Information Technology and Mathematical Innovation)
- 2. • It is significant since life cannot survive without it. • Agricultural, commercial, household, leisure, and environmental activities all use water in some way. • Almost all of the human uses necessitate the use of freshwater. • Irrigation in agriculture is expected to account for 70% of global water consumption. Importance of Water
- 3. Water Resources Water is essential to life on Earth. Humans can live for more than month without food, but we can live for only a few days without water. Two kinds of water found on Earth: • Fresh water, the water that people can drink, contains little salt. • Salt water, the water in oceans, contains a higher concentration of dissolved salts. Most human uses for water, such as drinking and agriculture, require fresh water.
- 5. The Water Cycle Water is a renewable resource because it is circulated in the water cycle. In the water cycle, water molecules travel between the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere. Water evaporates at the Earth’s surface. Water vapor rises into the air. As the vapor rises, it condenses to form clouds. Eventually the water in clouds falls back to the Earth. The oceans are important because almost all of the Earth’s water is in the ocean.
- 6. Global Water Distribution Only a small percentage of the water on Earth is liquid fresh water that humans can use. The fresh water we use comes mainly from lakes and rivers and from a relatively narrow zone beneath the Earth’s surface.
- 7. Global Water Distribution Although 71 percent of the Earth’s surface is covered with water, nearly 97 percent of Earth’s water is salt water in oceans and seas. Of the fresh water on Earth, about 77 percent is frozen in glaciers and polar icecaps.
- 9. Surface Water Surface water is all the bodies of fresh water, salt water, ice, and snow, that are found above the ground. The distribution of surface water has played a vital role in the development of human societies. Throughout history, people have built cities and farms near reliable sources of water. Today, most large cities depend on surface water for drinking water, water to grow crops, food such as fish, power for industry, and transportation.
- 10. River Systems Streams form as water from falling rain and melting snow drains from mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains. As streams flow downhill, they combine with other streams and form rivers. A river system is a flowing network of rivers and streams draining a river basin. The Amazon River system is the largest river system in the world as it drains an area of land that is nearly the size of Europe.
- 11. Watersheds A watershed is the area of land that is drained by a water system. The amount of water that enters a watershed varies throughout the year. Rapidly melting snow as well as spring and summer rains can dramatically increase the amount of water in a watershed. At other times of the year, the river system that drains a watershed may be reduced to a trickle.
- 12. Watersheds
- 13. Groundwater Most of the fresh water that is available for human use cannot be seen, as it exists underground. When it rains, some of the water that falls onto the land flows into lakes and streams. But much of the water percolates through the soil and down into the rocks beneath. Groundwater is the water that is beneath the Earth’s surface.
- 14. Frozen Water Slightly more than two percent of Earth's water is frozen into ice. Almost all of this ice is in glaciers, which are huge masses of ice. Today, glaciers are found in many mountainous areas and in the polar regions of Earth. The Himalayas, which are often called "The Roof of the World", contain some of the most extensive and rough high altitude areas on Earth as well as the greatest area of glaciers and permafrost outside of the poles
- 15. Rain Water
- 16. Agriculture Industrial Household How do we use Water?
- 17. Household Personal Use Recreational activities •Washing dishes •Watering the plants •Give water to the animals •Watering the grass •Washing the car •Brushing teeth •Drinking water •Take a shower •Going to the bathroom •Go to the pool. •Go to the beach. •Skiing in the mountains. •Fish in the lakes. •Play with a ball in the river. •Surf in the ocean. How do we use Water?
- 18. Water pollution refers to the contamination of water bodies (e.g., rivers, lakes, oceans) by harmful substances or pollutants. Water Pollution A beautiful picture depicting Water Pollution
- 19. Causes of Water Pollution: Industrial discharge Agricultural runoff (pesticides, fertilizers) Improper disposal of waste (plastics, chemicals, and plastics) Sewage and wastewater Water Pollution
- 20. Impact of Water Pollution: Threat to aquatic life Degradation of ecosystems Economic consequences (loss of fisheries, tourism) Health risks for humans (waterborne diseases) Water Pollution The thing we care about
- 21. WATER CRISIS FOR BIG CITIES AROUND THE WORLD
- 22. MIAMI, NORTH AMERICA FILLED IN A NATURAL WETLAND, DISRUPTED THE AQUIFER AND IT NOW HAS SALT WATER IN IT.
- 23. MEXICO CITY, NORTH AMERICA IS SINKING AS THEIR DAMS DRY UP.
- 24. SAO PAULO, BRAZIL WAS AFFECTED BY A SEVERE DROUGHT AND WATER POLLUTION
- 25. LONDON, GREAT BRITIAN CLIMATE CHANGE A GROWING POPULATION, LESS RAINFALL, WATER WASTAGE
- 26. ISTANBUL, TURKEY WATER CRISIS, SEVERE DROUGHT AND GROWING POPULATION
- 27. CAIRO, EGYPT WATER POLLUTION OF THE NILE THEIR MAIN WATER SOURCE
- 28. MOSCOW, RUSSIA THEIR WATER SUPPLY IS VERY POLLUTED
- 29. BEIJING, CHINIA THE MOST POPULATED CITY IN THE WORLD WITH SEVERE WATER POLLUTION
- 30. TOKYO, JAPAN A SMALL COUNTRY WITH A LARGE POPULATION
- 31. CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA HOW DID WE AVOID DAY ZERO?
- 32. BANGALORE, INDIA OLD PIPES AND PLUMBING FITTINGS, WATER WASTAGE AND POLLUTTION
- 34. Saving water is crucial for conserving this precious resource and ensuring its availability for future generations. Here are 100 simple ways to save water: 1. Fix leaky faucets promptly. 2. Install water-efficient fixtures like low-flow showerheads and faucets. 3. Take shorter showers. 4. Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. 100 Simple Ways to Save Water
- 35. Here are some more 5. Use a bucket instead of a hose when washing your car. 6. Water your lawn or garden in the early morning or evening to minimize evaporation. 7. Mulch around plants to retain moisture in the soil. 8. Group plants with similar water needs together in your garden. 9. Collect rainwater in a barrel for outdoor use. 10. Use a broom instead of a hose to clean driveways and sidewalks. 100 Simple Ways to Save Water
- 36. 11. Install a drip irrigation system for your garden.12. Use a pool cover to reduce water evaporation.13. Fix leaks in your irrigation system.14. Plant drought-resistant or native plants in your garden.15. Use a shut-off nozzle on your hose to control water flow.16. Use a dishwasher instead of hand washing dishes, but only run it when it’s full.17. Don’t thaw frozen foods with running water; plan ahead and thaw them in the refrigerator.18. Reuse water from cooking vegetables to water plants.19. Install a dual-flush toilet or a toilet dam to reduce water usage per flush.20. Collect and reuse greywater from showers and laundry for irrigation.21. Use a rain sensor on your irrigation system to prevent watering during rain.22. Don’t overwater your lawn or garden; adjust irrigation schedules based on weather conditions.23. Use a compost bin instead of a garbage disposal to reduce water usage.24. Install a water-efficient washing machine.25. Use a pool skimmer instead of backwashing your pool filter frequently.26. Use a broom to clean outdoor surfaces instead of hosing them down.27. Fix leaks in your swimming pool.28. Install a water-efficient showerhead.29. Don’t use the toilet as a trash can.30. Use a rain gauge to measure rainfall and adjust your irrigation accordingly.31. Insulate water pipes to prevent leaks and reduce the time it takes for hot water to reach faucets.32. Use a commercial car wash that recycles water.33. Teach children about water conservation from an early age.34. Use a timer for outdoor irrigation to prevent overwatering.35. Don’t let water run while washing dishes by hand; fill one sink with wash water and the other with rinse water.36. Use a bucket to catch water while waiting for the shower to warm up, then use it to water plants.37. Install a water-efficient faucet aerator.38. Use a rain barrel to collect water from your gutter downspouts.39. Use a hose with an automatic shut-off valve for washing your car.40. Use a high-efficiency dishwasher.41. Use a rain gauge to measure rainfall and only water your lawn or garden when necessary.42. Use a broom or leaf blower to clean outdoor spaces instead of hosing them down.43. Fix leaks in outdoor faucets.44. Use a sponge or cloth to wash dishes instead of letting the water run.45. Use a rain sensor to automatically shut off your irrigation system during rain.46. Use a composting toilet to reduce water usage.47. Turn off decorative water features during droughts.48. Install a greywater recycling system.49. Use a pool cover to reduce evaporation.50. Install a water-efficient dishwasher.51. Use a low-flow toilet.52. Replace old toilets with water-efficient models.53. Use a rain barrel to collect water for indoor plants.54. Use a rain gauge to measure rainfall and adjust your irrigation schedule accordingly.55. Use a rain sensor on your irrigation system to prevent watering during rain.56. Use a drip irrigation system for your garden.57. Fix leaks in outdoor hoses.58. Use a pool cover to reduce water evaporation.59. Install a water-efficient washing machine.60. Use a broom to clean outdoor surfaces instead of hosing them down.61. Fix leaks in your swimming pool.62. Use a bucket to catch water while waiting for the shower to warm up, then use it to water plants.63. Install a water-efficient faucet aerator.64. Use a rain barrel to collect water from your gutter downspouts.65. Use a hose with an automatic shut-off valve for washing your car.66. Use a high-efficiency dishwasher.67. Use a rain gauge to measure rainfall and only water your lawn or garden when necessary.68. Use a broom or leaf blower to clean outdoor spaces instead of hosing them down.69. Fix leaks in outdoor faucets.70. Use a sponge or cloth to wash dishes instead of letting the water run.71. Use a rain sensor to automatically shut off your irrigation system during rain.72. Use a composting toilet to reduce water usage.73. Turn off decorative water features during droughts.74. Install a greywater recycling system.75. Use a pool cover to reduce evaporation.76. Install a water-efficient dishwasher.77. Use a low-flow toilet.78. Replace old toilets with water-efficient models.79. Use a rain barrel to collect water for indoor plants.80. Use a rain gauge to measure rainfall and adjust your irrigation schedule accordingly.81. Use a rain sensor on your irrigation system to prevent watering during rain.82. Use a drip irrigation system for your garden.83. Fix leaks in outdoor hoses.84. Use a pool cover to reduce water evaporation.85. Install a water- efficient washing machine.86. Use a broom to clean outdoor surfaces instead of hosing them down.87. Fix leaks in your swimming pool.88. Use a bucket to catch water while waiting for the shower to warm up, then use it to water plants.89. Install a water-efficient faucet aerator.90. Use a rain barrel to collect water from your gutter downspouts.91. Use a hose with an automatic shut-off valve for washing your car.92. Use a high- efficiency dishwasher.93. Use a rain gauge to measure rainfall and only water your lawn or garden when necessary.94. Use a broom or leaf blower to clean outdoor spaces instead of hosing them down.95. Fix leaks in outdoor faucets.96. Use a sponge or cloth to wash dishes instead of letting the water run.97. Use a rain sensor to automatically shut off your irrigation system during rain.98. Use a composting toilet to reduce water usage.99. Turn off decorative water features during droughts.100. Install a greywater recycling system. And here are the next 90 ones
- 37. These are just a few simple ways to save water in your daily life. Every drop counts! Simple Ways Save Water
- 38. Here are some harder ways to save water: 1. Rather than relying on these simple steps, do some hard work, and make it a habit to save and reuse water wherever possible, and encourage others to do the same. 2. Repeat Step 1 Harder Way to Save Water