Ways to improve ore extraction
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This document discusses several ways to improve the extraction of ores like aluminum, lithium, and other minerals. It describes processes like indirect carbothermic reduction and calcination that can extract aluminum using less energy and carbon emissions than traditional methods. It also outlines a fusion method for extracting lithium chloride from silicate minerals, which can then be electrolyzed to produce pure lithium metal. New analytical methods like electrodynamic fragmentation are highlighted as well, which allow for the selective separation of minerals like spodumene, feldspar, and quartz to increase final product variety while decreasing unnecessary energy use.
Ways to improve ore extraction
- 1. WAYS TO IMPROVE ORE EXTRACTION
- 2. Aluminium Indirect carbothermic reduction can be carried out using carbon and Al2O3, which forms an intermediate Al4C3 and this can further yield aluminium metal at a temperature of 1900–2000 °C. it requires less energy and yields less CO2 than the Hall-Héroult process.
- 3. Calcination
- 4. The fire burns on the grate at (G), and the flames, passing over the bridge at (E), are deflected down ward by the low sloping roof of the furnace, and pass directly over the surface of the charge in the bed of the furnace at (B), finally escaping through the throat (F) into the chimney. Can change alumina to aluminium. Using less energy than molten electrolyte process.
- 5. Cont..
- 6. Cont.. The aluminum trichlorid precipitate is pu rified by dissolution and re-precipitation. The final product is calcined to form alumina the alumina so produced has a higher purity than alumina produced from bauxite by the Bayer process.
- 7. Lithium Fusion method powdered silicate mineral is fused with CaCO3 and the fused mass is extracted with HCl and filtered. The filtrate contains chlorides Li, Al, Ca, Na and K whereas silicon is removed as insoluble residue. The filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is extracted with pyridine in which only LiCl dissolves. Pyridine is distilled off while LiCl is left behind.
- 8. LiCl then undergoes the electrolysis prosess to obtain pure lithium metals. LiCI++ ↑ Li+ + CI- At cathode: Li+ + e- → Li At anode : 2CI- - 2e- → CI2
- 9. Lithium extraction can be improve by adding new method. analytical Methods The pegmatite rocks as well as the mineral products were analyzed by chemical (ICP-OES and XRF), optical and mineralogical analysis (XRD).
- 10. Electrodynamic Fragmentation The introduction of a electrodynamic fragmentation process allows the selective liberation of pegmatite minerals via high voltage pulses. During electrodynamic fragmentation shock waves travel through a solid submerged in water. The high selectivity of the fragmentation is achieved through high tensile stress in the areas of grain boundaries, inclusions or composite interfaces, causing the material to predominantly break at these boundaries.
- 11. A: Polished section of a typical pegmatite piece. B: spodumene crystals separated after electrodynamic fragmentation. C: feldspar crystals separated after electrodynamic fragmentation; D: quartz crystals separated after electrodynamic fragmentation. A B C D
- 12. Increase the variety of final product. Decreasing the usage of energy to grind material that are not needed.