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Web Server SEO:
Making your TTFB faster!
Ash New
Senior SEO Manager @ Virgin Media O2
Deck: shorturl.at/cluQU
@AshNewSEO
WEB SERVER SEO
Fast
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Fast
Reliable
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Fast
Reliable Crawlable
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Fast
Reliable Crawlable
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Fast
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Why am I here?
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
+
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Functional
Teams
Cross-Functional
Teams
Marketers Developers
Product Managers
Delivery Team
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
What an SEO needs to
know / not everything
an SEO could know
How do we make it fast?
The metric to measure the time between a request for a
resource and when the first byte of a response arrives.
TTFB
Time To First Byte
GOOD
NEEDS
IMPROVEMENT
POOR
800 ms 1800 ms
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
LCP
TTFB Resource Load Delay Resource Load Time
Element Render
Delay
HTML Document
LCP Resource
Document Stylesheet Image Script
Time
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
TTFB precedes every other meaningful user
experience metric
Redirects Cache DNS TCP Request Response Processing Load
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
TTFB
Back-end Front-end
Browser starts
processing first
byte
MINIMISE
REDIRECTS
Redirects Cache DNS TCP Request Response Processing Load
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
TTFB
Back-end Front-end
Browser starts
processing first
byte
Each redirect can add up to 80ms to TTFB
Source: Matthew Edgar 2019 Case Study https://www.matthewedgar.net/do-redirects-add-to-
website-speed/ #brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Good Redirects
No Redirects
Request
for Page A
Loads
Page B
Server
response
for page B
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Good Redirects
One Server-side Redirect
Server
redirects
to page B
Request
for Page A
Loads
Page B
Server
response
for page B
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Bad Redirects
Redirect Chains
Server
redirects
to
page B
Request
for Page A
Loads
Page C
Server
response
for
page C
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Server
redirects
to
page B
Bad Redirects
Client-side Redirects
Request
for Page A
Loads
Page B
Server
response
for
page B
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Server
response
for
page A
Loads
Page A
then
redirects
to page B
UTILISE CACHING
Redirects Cache DNS TCP Request Response Processing Load
Cache
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
TTFB
Back-end Front-end
Browser starts
processing first
byte
Caching stores copies
of resources in a
temporary storage
location, called a
cache, for faster access
Caching
Cache
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Cache Levels
Browser Level
Caching
CDN/Proxy
(Intermediate Level) Caching
Server Level
Caching
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Cache Levels
Requests: page.html
Response: page.html
Requests: img.jpg
Browser cache serves
previously stored img.jpg
CDN serves page.html
Response: img.jpg
Requests: app.js
Origin server
serves original
app.js file
Browser Cache CDN Origin Server
Response: app.js
Distance from user
app.js not found on CDN
CDN stores app.js for faster
retrieval
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Key caching concepts to understand
TTLs (Time-
to-live)
“Purging” /
Cache-busting
Cache-hit
ratio
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Use a CDN!
Improves
performance
Improves
reliability
Improves
security
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
SPEED UP DNS
Redirects Cache DNS TCP Request Response Processing Load
DNS
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
TTFB
Back-end Front-end
Browser starts
processing first
byte
DNS = Domain
Name System
What is DNS?
“www.o2.co.uk”
www.o2.co.uk = 13.107.237.67
13.107.237.67
1
2
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Use a premium
DNS provider
Optimising DNS
Custom DNS
configuration
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
UPGRADE
TRANSPORT
PROTOCOLS
Redirects Cache DNS TCP Request Response Processing Load
TCP Request Response
TCP
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
TTFB
Back-end Front-end
Browser starts
processing first
byte
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Establishes the
connection
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Establishes the
connection
Ensures data is
transferred
correctly
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Ensures data is secure.
Required for HTTPS
Transport Layer Security (TLS) / SSL
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Transfers text with links
to other documents
(HyperText)
Upgrade to TLS 1.3
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
TCP + TLS 1.2 TCP + TLS 1.3
200ms
300ms
Time
Upgrade to HTTP/2
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Time
HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2
What about QUIC + HTTP/3?
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
TCP + TLS 1.3 UDP + QUIC
200ms
100ms
Time
Browser/Client Support
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Global
Support
HTTP/2 Since 2015 97%
TLS/1.3 Since 2020 95%
QUIC +
HTTP/3
2020
Requires
enabling
2020 2021 75%
caniuse.com https://http2.pro/check
REDUCE THE
LOAD
Redirects Cache DNS TCP Request Response Processing Load
Request Response
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
TTFB
Back-end Front-end
Browser starts
processing first
byte
Minify Code
Use Compression Optimise Images
Reduce the load
Refactor & Stream
Code
Optimise Fonts
Optimise Third-Party
Scripts
Most Impactful Least Impactful
Harder
Easier
Use Compression
VS
Brotli (BR) GZIP
Compresses
More
Compresses
Faster
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Code refactoring Code streaming
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
UPGRADE YOUR
INFRASTRUCTURE
Redirects Cache DNS TCP Request Response Processing Load
Back-end Front-end
Browser starts
processing first
byte
Request Response
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
TTFB
Users connection
speed & quality
Severs connection
speed & quality
Server software &
hardware
Users browser &
hardware
Limiting Factors
Distance from user
USER / CRAWLER ORIGIN SERVER
DATA TRANSFER
Data packet size
Request handling
Severs connection
speed & quality
Server software &
hardware
Users connection
speed & quality
Users browser &
hardware
Limiting Factors
Distance from user
USER / CRAWLER ORIGIN SERVER
DATA TRANSFER
Data packet size
Request handling
Severs connection
speed & quality
Server software &
hardware
Users connection
speed & quality
Users browser &
hardware
Limiting Factors
Distance from user
USER / CRAWLER ORIGIN SERVER
DATA TRANSFER
Data packet size
Request handling
Maximise Specs
Dedicated vs
Shared Hosting
Maximised
Memory
Better CPUs
(with more cores)
https://ismyhostfastyet.com/
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Most Common Web Server Software
Source: W3Techs
https://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/web_server
Reverse Proxy /
Load Balancing
Load
Balancer
o2.co.uk/shop
priority.o2.co.uk
o2.co.uk/shop
How do we make it fast?
Minimise redirects
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
How do we make it fast?
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Utilise caching
+ Use a CDN!
How do we make it fast?
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Use a premium DNS
service
How do we make it fast?
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Upgrade your
transfer protocols
How do we make it fast?
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Reduce the load
How do we make it fast?
#brightonSEO | @AshNewSEO
Upgrade infrastructure /
Use a premium
hosting service
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,
including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik
Thank You

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Web Server SEO: Making your TTFB faster!

Editor's Notes

  • #4: Key points Web server SEO is the process of helping us meet those goals by ensuring our servers are: Fast & Reliable In this talk we will break down the key elements of web server set ups 2 topics into understandable con the key elements of web server set ups thay
  • #5: Key points Web server SEO is the process of helping us meet those goals by ensuring our servers are: Fast & Reliable In this talk we will break down the key elements of web server set ups 2 topics into understandable con the key elements of web server set ups thay
  • #6: Key points Web server SEO is the process of helping us meet those goals by ensuring our servers are: Fast & Reliable In this talk we will break down the key elements of web server set ups 2 topics into understandable con the key elements of web server set ups thay
  • #7: Key points Web server SEO is the process of helping us meet those goals by ensuring our servers are: Fast & Reliable In this talk we will break down the key elements of web server set ups 2 topics into understandable con the key elements of web server set ups thay
  • #8: Key points Web server SEO is the process of helping us meet those goals by ensuring our servers are: Fast & Reliable In this talk we will break down the key elements of web server set ups 2 topics into understandable con the key elements of web server set ups thay
  • #9: Key points
  • #14: Time to First Byte (TTFB) is a foundational metric for measuring connection setup time and web server responsiveness
  • #20: Redirects are naturally hard to avoid in our industry, but if they are necessary then they should be limited to 1
  • #21: Redirects are naturally hard to avoid in our industry, but if they are necessary then they should be limited to 1
  • #22: Redirects are naturally hard to avoid in our industry, but if they are necessary then they should be limited to 1
  • #23: Redirects are naturally hard to avoid in our industry, but if they are necessary then they should be limited to 1
  • #25: Service workers
  • #26: Improves performance by reducing the need to retrieve data over networks or from storage mediums
  • #27: There are several levels at which caching can occur: Browser caching: This type of caching occurs in the client's web browser and stores copies of resources locally on the client's computer. When a client makes a request for a resource that is already stored in the browser cache, the browser can serve the cached copy instead of sending a new request to the server. Intermediate caching: This type of caching occurs at the network level, typically in a proxy server or content delivery network (CDN). Intermediate caching stores copies of resources that are shared among multiple clients, so that subsequent requests for the same resource can be served more quickly. Varnish is an example of an intermediate cache. Server caching: This type of caching occurs on the origin server, and stores copies of resources that are specific to a particular client or session. Server-side caching can reduce the load on the server by serving repeated requests more quickly, but it does not reduce the network traffic between the client and the server.
  • #29: A cache hit ratio is a measurement of how many content requests a cache is able to fill successfully - aim for a high cache hit ratio. TTL stands for Time to live, it is the amount of time you can set for data to remain valid before it is discarded. Beware of stale content.
  • #35: Key points For the majority of you simply making sure we use a premium DNS provider will be enough to make a difference to your TTFB. However there are ways you can optimise your DNS configurations but it’s best to work with someone who knows what they are doing to execute this.
  • #42: TLS was released in 2018 but has been more widely used by browsers since 2020
  • #43: HTTP/2 uses multiplexing which allows it to have multiple TCP connections open at once. This results in the ability for the server to receive and send multiple requests at once. Saving valuable page load time.
  • #44: QUIC (pronounced "quick") is a general-purpose[2] transport layer[3] network protocol initially designed by Jim Roskind at Google. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a simpler, connectionless Internet protocol wherein error-checking and recovery services are not required. With UDP, there is no overhead for opening a connection, maintaining a connection, or terminating a connection; data is continuously sent to the recipient, whether or not they receive it. QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections): QUIC is a transport layer protocol developed by Google to improve the performance of web applications by reducing latency and providing better congestion control compared to traditional TCP. QUIC is built on top of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) instead of TCP, which helps eliminate some of the delays associated with TCP's connection establishment and congestion control mechanisms.
  • #49: https://www.catchpoint.com/blog/brotli-compression https://kinsta.com/blog/brotli-compression/
  • #53: Key points: User Limiting factors start with the speed and bandwidth of the users connection to a server. They will most likely be connecting via a broadband or mobile network. Let’s hope they are with Virgin Media to benefit from the UK’s fastest network. Another minor limiting factor can be the users browser choice, thats why its so important to consider the experience of users who may still be using browsers with poor rendering engines such as internet explorer. A users hardware these days is not much of consideration but we can’t discount that some people may still use a very old phone or computer. We can’t influence those parts but we can ensure that our code and server set up is as optimised as possible to best serve users with slow networks and old software & hardware. Server The areas we can influence however are the basis for this talk and
  • #54: Key points: User Limiting factors start with the speed and bandwidth of the users connection to a server. They will most likely be connecting via a broadband or mobile network. Let’s hope they are with Virgin Media to benefit from the UK’s fastest network. Another minor limiting factor can be the users browser choice, thats why its so important to consider the experience of users who may still be using browsers with poor rendering engines such as internet explorer. A users hardware these days is not much of consideration but we can’t discount that some people may still use a very old phone or computer. We can’t influence those parts but we can ensure that our code and server set up is as optimised as possible to best serve users with slow networks and old software & hardware. Server The areas we can influence however are the basis for this talk and
  • #55: Key points: User Limiting factors start with the speed and bandwidth of the users connection to a server. They will most likely be connecting via a broadband or mobile network. Let’s hope they are with Virgin Media to benefit from the UK’s fastest network. Another minor limiting factor can be the users browser choice, thats why its so important to consider the experience of users who may still be using browsers with poor rendering engines such as internet explorer. A users hardware these days is not much of consideration but we can’t discount that some people may still use a very old phone or computer. We can’t influence those parts but we can ensure that our code and server set up is as optimised as possible to best serve users with slow networks and old software & hardware. Server The areas we can influence however are the basis for this talk and