Website development PDF which helps others make it easy

1. What is WordPress?
WordPress is a widely-used content management
system (CMS) that allows you to create websites
easily. Best wordpress services in Bangalore. It’s
popular due to its flexibility, user-friendliness, and a
massive community providing plugins, themes, and
support.
2. Setting Up a WordPress Development Environment
Before starting any development, it's recommended
to work on a local environment. You can use tools like:
• Local by Flywheel: A simple local WordPress
environment.
• XAMPP: Includes Apache, MySQL, and PHP for
local development.
• MAMP: For Mac users.
Steps to Install WordPress Locally:
1.Download and install XAMPP, MAMP, or Local by
Flywheel.
2.Download WordPress from wordpress.org.

3.Extract WordPress files and place them in the
appropriate server directory.
4.Create a local database and run the WordPress
setup.
3. WordPress Themes
A theme controls your website’s design and layout.
WordPress themes consist of various files like
templates, stylesheets, and images.
Creating a Simple Custom Theme:
• Navigate to wp-content/themes.
• Create a new directory for your theme.
• Add a style.css file with basic theme information:
css
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/*
Theme Name: My Custom Theme
Description: A basic WordPress theme.
Version: 1.0
*/
• Create an index.php file, which is the main
template file.

Activating the Theme:
• Go to the WordPress Dashboard.
• Navigate to Appearance > Themes and activate
your theme.
4. Template Tags
Template tags allow you to retrieve and display
dynamic content in your theme files. Best wordpress
services in Bangalore Some common tags include:
• <?php bloginfo('name'); ?> – Displays the site’s
name.
• <?php get_header(); ?> – Includes the header
template.
• <?php get_footer(); ?> – Includes the footer
template.
You can use these template tags to build the basic
structure of your theme.
5. Template Hierarchy
WordPress uses a specific hierarchy to determine
which template file to load. Some of the main
templates include:
• index.php: Fallback template file for all types of
content.

• single.php: Displays individual blog posts.
• page.php: Displays static pages.
• archive.php: Used for category, tag, or date-based
listings.
• 404.php: Template for displaying "Page Not
Found" errors.
6. WordPress Plugins
Plugins extend the functionality of WordPress without
altering core files. They can be used for adding
features like forms, social media integration, SEO, etc.
Creating a Simple Plugin:
• Go to wp-content/plugins and create a folder for
your plugin.
• Inside the folder, create a PHP file with a
comment block:
php
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<?php
/*
Plugin Name: My First Plugin
Description: A simple example plugin.
Version: 1.0

*/
• Add functionality inside this file using hooks,
filters, or custom logic.
7. Hooks: Actions and Filters
Hooks are functions that allow developers to change
or extend WordPress’s behavior. There are two main
types of hooks:
• Action Hooks: Trigger at specific points, allowing
you to add or modify functionality.
Example:
php
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add_action('wp_footer', 'custom_footer_message');
function custom_footer_message() {
echo 'This is a custom message in the footer.';
}
• Filter Hooks: Allow you to modify data before it's
sent to the browser.
Example:
php
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add_filter('the_content', 'modify_post_content');
function modify_post_content($content) {
return $content . '<p>This content was
modified.</p>';
}
8. Enqueueing Styles and Scripts
When adding custom styles and scripts to your theme
or plugin, use the wp_enqueue_style() and
wp_enqueue_script() functions to ensure they load
properly and avoid conflicts:
php
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function enqueue_custom_styles() {
wp_enqueue_style('custom-style',
get_template_directory_uri() . '/css/custom-
style.css');
wp_enqueue_script('custom-script',
get_template_directory_uri() . '/js/custom-script.js',
array('jquery'), null, true);
}
add_action('wp_enqueue_scripts',
'enqueue_custom_styles');

9. Custom Post Types
WordPress allows you to create custom post types
(CPT) to handle different kinds of content beyond
regular posts and pages. Common uses include
portfolios, testimonials, and products.
Creating a Custom Post Type:
php
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function create_portfolio_post_type() {
register_post_type('portfolio',
array(
'labels' => array(
'name' => __('Portfolio'),
'singular_name' => __('Portfolio Item')
),
'public' => true,
'has_archive' => true,
'rewrite' => array('slug' => 'portfolio'),
)
);
}

add_action('init', 'create_portfolio_post_type');
10. WordPress Widgets
Widgets allow users to add content to predefined
areas like sidebars. You can create custom widgets by
extending the WP_Widget class.
Creating a Simple Widget:
php
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class My_Custom_Widget extends WP_Widget {
function __construct() {
parent::__construct('my_custom_widget', __('My
Custom Widget'));
}
public function widget($args, $instance) {
echo $args['before_widget'];
echo '<p>Hello, this is my custom widget!</p>';
echo $args['after_widget'];
}
}

function register_my_widget() {
register_widget('My_Custom_Widget');
}
add_action('widgets_init', 'register_my_widget');
11. Security Best Practices
While developing for WordPress, always follow
security best practices to ensure your site is safe from
vulnerabilities.
• Sanitize User Input: Use functions like
sanitize_text_field() to ensure any user input is
clean before storing it in the database.
php
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$clean_data =
sanitize_text_field($_POST['user_input']);
• Escape Output: When displaying user input on
the front end, make sure to escape the data to
prevent cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks.
php
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echo esc_html($user_input);

• Use Nonces for Form Validation: Nonces are used
to validate form submissions to ensure they come
from a legitimate source.
php
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wp_nonce_field('my_nonce_action',
'my_nonce_field');
12. WordPress REST API
The REST API allows developers to interact with
WordPress remotely. You can fetch and modify
content using HTTP requests and JSON responses,
which is particularly useful for building headless
WordPress websites or integrations.
Fetching Posts via REST API:
javascript
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fetch('https://example.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts')
.then(response => response.json())
.then(data => console.log(data));
Creating a Custom REST Endpoint:
php
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function register_custom_route() {
register_rest_route('myapi/v1', '/data', array(
'methods' => 'GET',
'callback' => 'custom_api_callback',
));
}
function custom_api_callback() {
return array('message' => 'Hello, world!');
}
add_action('rest_api_init', 'register_custom_route');
13. WordPress Multisite
WordPress Multisite is a feature that allows you to
run multiple sites under a single WordPress
installation. It is helpful for managing a network of
websites, such as a company with different regional
sites.
Enabling Multisite:
1.In wp-config.php, add the following line:
php

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define('WP_ALLOW_MULTISITE', true);
2.Set up Multisite from the WordPress Dashboard
by navigating to Tools > Network Setup.
14. Optimizing WordPress for Speed
A fast-loading WordPress site is crucial for good user
experience and SEO. Here are some optimization tips:
• Use a caching plugin like W3 Total Cache or WP
Super Cache to speed up page load times.
• Optimize images by using plugins like Smush or
ShortPixel.
• Minimize HTTP requests by reducing the number
of plugins, using combined stylesheets and
scripts.
• Use a Content Delivery Network (CDN) to serve
assets from servers closer to your users.
15. SEO Best Practices
Improving the SEO of your WordPress site ensures
better visibility in search engines.
• Use an SEO plugin like Yoast SEO or All-in-One
SEO Pack.

• Optimize your content by using proper heading
structures (H1, H2, etc.) and adding meta
descriptions.
• Use clean URLs by enabling pretty permalinks in
the WordPress settings

Website development PDF which helps others make it easy

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