Week 6: Psychosocial Development (Erik Erikson)
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The document discusses Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which describes 8 stages of development from infancy to late adulthood, with each stage involving a conflict between opposing tendencies that influences personality and identity development. The stages involve conflicts between things like trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame/doubt, and integrity vs despair. The document provides examples and activities for students to examine identity development and apply Erikson's stages.
Week 6: Psychosocial Development (Erik Erikson)
- 1. Week 5 EDS 220 Psychosocial Development Dr. Evrim Baran
- 2. Assignment for this week • Conflict between id and superego can lead to emotional distress (anxiety or guilt). Bring an example to 7 defense mechanisms used to avoid these emotions related to child/adult behavior in classroom/educational contexts
- 3. Identity How do we develop our identity or sense of self?
- 4. What is identity? • An individual's self definition that focuses on enduring characteristics of the self. • In an established identity, the individual is able to explain the origins of these self- defined characteristics and the influences behind those origins. • Complete identity includes a clarification of one's morals, ethics, and standards, as well as a commitment to a future occupation.
- 5. Activity: Timeline of Our Life Draw a timeline of your life with major physical, emotional, and social developmental milestones What is each milestone Physical? Emotional? Social?
- 6. • Jean Piaget-Cognitive development • Sigmund Freud-Psychosexual development • Erik Erikson?
- 7. Theory of Psychosocial Development http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0sxaU34 MPE Erik Erikson (1902-1994)
- 8. Psychosocial identities Emotional Circumstances (psycho) (social)
- 9. Eight stages of development • Each stage is defined by a specific conflict (pair of opposing impulses and behaviors) • The resolution or the inability to resolve these conflicts effects our personalities and identities • Four childhood stages and three adult stages bridged together one stage in adolescents • Basic needs and what society provides
- 10. Eight stages of development • Stage 1 – Basic Trust vs. mistrust • Stage 2 – Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt • Stage 3 – Initiative vs. Guilt • Stage 4 – Industry vs. Inferiority • Stage 5 – Identity vs. Role confusion • Stage 6 – Intimacy vs. Isolation • Stage 7 – Generativity vs. Stagnation • Stage 8 – Ego Integrity vs. Despair
- 11. Stage 1: Basic Trust vs. mistrust Others are birth to 12-18 dependable and months (infancy) reliable Trust vs. mistrust World is in an undependable, Hope, optimism unpredictable, and possibly dangerous place. • A loving trusting relationship with the mother/caregiver through feeding, teething, and comforting • Failure to resolve this conflict • Sensory distortion and withdrawal
- 12. Object permanence: Trusting objects beyond her control
- 13. Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt I can do this. 18 months-3 years Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt Self control, will I can’t Autonomy: Ability to control their bodies and environment Developing physical skills (toilet training, walking, manipulating objects) Shame and doubt develop when the child is shamed or forced to be dependent in areas in which she/he is capable of independence. Compulsivity, impulsivity
- 14. Can I do things myself or must I always rely on others?"
- 15. Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt 3-6 years Initiative vs. Guilt Purpose, direction Children are active and have powerful imagination Initiative: Independent decision making about planning and doing various activities May develop guilt for their desire of independence Ruthless, inhibition
- 16. Am I good or am I bad?
- 17. Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority 6-12 years Industry vs. Inferiority Competence Gain real adult skills (reading, writing) Industry: Motivation to keep learning and practicing. They want to be productive instead of just wanting to play. When not encouraged to work and learn skills feel inferior and unmotivated. Conflict between what they should do and should not do. School learning, interaction with peers
- 18. Am I successful or worthless?
- 19. Balance?
- 20. Stage 5: Identity vs. Role confusion adelescence Identity vs. Role confusion Fidelity Identity is characterised by integration of personal values with those of society, a clear sense of self in multiple roles, and by making choices about the future. A health identity: One’s organisation of individual drives, abilities, beliefs, and experience into a consistent image of self. Role confusion: Failure to establish an individual identity separate from the family and and having no peer relationships and plans for an occupation.
- 21. Who am I? Where am I going?
- 22. In 4 groups, define and find examples • Identity achievement • Identity foreclosure • Identity diffisuon • Moratorium
- 23. Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation Young Adulthood, 20s Intimacy vs. Isolation Love Form identities and start looking for close reciprocal relationship. Intimacy develops when the person creates mature relationships with a partner. Isolation: Inability to create intimate relationships.
- 24. Am I loved and wanted? Shall I share my life with someone or live alone?
- 25. Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation Middle Adulthood Generativity vs. Stagnation Care Primary developmental task is one of contributing to society and helping to guide future generations. Generativity: Concern of establishing and guiding the next generation. Promote well being of others. Stagnation- a dissatisfaction with the relative lack of productivity. Parenting, educating, productive social involvement
- 26. Will I produce something of real value?
- 27. Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair Seniors, 65 and over Integrity vs. Despair Wisdom Sense of satisfaction with life well lived. Integrity: When a person developed wisdom over a lifetime and can look back and see a life of meaning. Despair: A sense of not accomplishing one’s goals or values and it is too late to do anything about it.
- 28. Have I lived a full life?
- 29. Eight stages of development • Stage 1 – Basic Trust vs. mistrust • Stage 2 – Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt • Stage 3 – Initiative vs. Guilt • Stage 4 – Industry vs. Inferiority • Stage 5 – Identity vs. Role confusion • Stage 6 – Intimacy vs. Isolation • Stage 7 – Generativity vs. Stagnation • Stage 8 – Ego Integrity vs. Despair
- 30. Activity: Examples • For each stage – Discuss one example—ideally from your lives—that illustrates a particular stage-specific crisis. – Describe a positive and negative outcome for your example. • (For example, stage 4, or school age, is when children begin school and learn new skills. If this stage is met successfully, a child will develop a sense of competence. He or she is more likely to feel confident about learning new subjects in school, talking in class, and taking on new challenges. If not, he or she will develop a sense of inferiority, may be reluctant to ask questions, and could fall behind, feeling stupid or discouraged.) – Present your example to the class
- 31. Applying Erikson’s Work in the Classroom • Help students achieve a high degree of success, especially in elementary school • Be Tolerant of honest mistakes when dealing with students at all levels • In a middle or junior high school, provide the security of structure while allowing freedom and expression • Know the emotional needs of young people, and use that knowledge as an umbrella under which you conduct instruction • Be a role model for students, both professionally and personally. With elementary students, model industry, with elder students model professionalism and individual dignity helpfull in identity formation.
- 32. Assignment • Interview people of different ages to learn about Erikson's stages, their conflicts, and how they could resolve or could not resolve their conflicts. • Some questions: – What advice would you give to someone our age? (Stage 7) – Which stages of your life have been most enjoyable? The most important? (Stage 8) – What have been some of the most significant events of your life? Why? What age were you at each event? – What aspect of your life has influenced you the most?