The Aboriginal people lived in Australia for 40,000 years, hunting kangaroos and gathering berries for food. In 1770, Captain James Cook discovered Sydney and in 1788 the First Fleet arrived in Sydney with over 1,400 convicts beginning European colonization. Throughout the 1700s and 1800s, over 160,000 convicts were sent to Australia from Britain, displacing many Aboriginal people and causing conflict. By the late 1800s, Australia was developing into an independent nation with cities, farms, infrastructure and each state having its own government. In 1901, Australia became a sovereign country known as the Commonwealth of Australia.