Week 8 october 28 and nov 1
- 2. Caesar – started out as a prosecutor, studied oratory, sent to Gaul for 9 years to fight, retained some soldiers and built up more troops and forcibly took rule of Rome. One of his rivals fled to Egypt to hide and was put to death by the 10 year old king, whose sister was Cleopatra – hmmmm. 100 bc to 44 bc (lived)
- 6. March 15, 44 B.C - Julius Caesar was killed, just one month after he proclaimed himself dictator of Rome. Three guys took over his job in a Triumvirate – Marc Antony (guess who he is going to start dating?), Lepidus and Octavian (Octavian is Julius Caesar’s grand nephew who is going to become Emperor and change his name to Augustus)
- 7. Cleopatra looked like this . . .
- 8. Not so much like this . . .
- 9. And definitely not like this.
- 10. Octavia – Octavian (Augustus’ sister, Marc Antony’s real wife) Julius Caesar was married three times, but I have no slides of his wives.
- 11. Marc Antony
- 12. And now the Emperors . . .
- 13. Octavian aka Augustus 63 bc to 14 ad (lived) 27 bc to 14 ad (ruled)
- 14. Ara Pacis Augustae (The Altar of Augustan Peace) built by Caesar’s grand-nephew, Augustus
- 15. 35 x 39 feet/architect unknown/originally painted
- 17. Lower band is lush foliage, signifying peace, prosperity and plenty Upper band on sides is family and friends – Augustus was a big proponent of family life Upper band near doors and on back are Romulus and Remus/the Aeneid (commissioned by Augustus)/goddesses
- 19. When I returned from Spain and Gaul, in the consulship of Tiberius Nero and Publius Quintilius, after successful operations in those provinces, the Senate voted in honor of my return the consecration of an altar to Pax Augusta in the Campus Martius, and on this altar it ordered the magistrates and priests and Vestal Virgins to make annual sacrifice.
- 26. Shusher Antsy child Behaved child
- 33. Bare feet = divine status Cupid on dolphin = reference to Venus, the supposed ancestor of the family
- 35. Tiberius – ruled when Jesus was crucified 42 bc to 37 ad (lived) 14 – 37 ad (ruled)
- 36. Gaius aka Caligula aka NutJob 12 – 41 ad (lived) 37 – 41 ad (ruled)
- 37. Nero aka NutJob II 37 – 68 ad (lived) 54 – 68 ad (ruled) Possibly started the fire that raged for 9 days in Rome in order to claim THREE HUNDRED acres for himself and his house – conveniently blamed the Christians for the fire
- 38. Poppaea Sabina – one of Nero’s wives. This one he kicked to death while she was pregnant with his child.
- 43. Golden Palace now open to the public – originally 300 rooms, not all have been explored. 32 are open to tourists.
- 50. Boadicea – Queen of the Iceni – bad, bad military campaign
- 54. Curse Tablets The one that has stolen my bronze bowl is accursed. I give the person to the temple of Sulis, whether woman or man, whether slave or free, whether boy or girl, and may the man who did this pour his own blood into the very bowl. I give you that thief who stole the item itself, for the god to find, whether woman or man, whether slave or free, whether boy or girl." (Tab. Sulis no. 44= CT no. 95, iii AD) 'To Minerva the goddess of Sulis I have given the thief who has stolen my hooded cloak, whether slave or free, whether man or woman. He is not to buy back this gift unless with his own blood.' (Bath)
- 56. Vespasian 9 – 79 ad (lived) 69 – 79 ad (ruled)
- 71. Circus Maximus
- 72. Trajan 53 – 117 ad (lived) 98 – 117 ad (ruled)
- 74. Plotina, Trajan’s wife Matidia, Trajan’s niece
- 75. Trajan’s dad Trajan’s architect - Apollodorus
- 94. Trajan
- 99. Hadrian 76 – 138 ad (lived) 117 – 138 ad (ruled)
- 100. Antinous
- 105. Marcus Agrippa (son- in-law of Augustus) Hadrian
- 123. Temple of Hadrian, Ephesus
- 126. Fountain of Trajan
- 127. Library
- 141. Marcus Aurelius 121 – 180 ad (lived) 161 – 180 ad (ruled)
- 145. Caracalla
- 147. Things covered in this lecture: 1) Greece and Rome 2) The fall of Rome 3) Who Jesus was 4) Judaism 5) Original teachings of Jesus 6) What people thought of Christians at the time 7) Vulgate 8) Early Church ‘fathers’ 9) Borrowed artistic ideas of the early Christians 10) Borrowed religious ideas of the early Christians 11) Rise of Christian monotheism
- 148. Artistic History
- 167. Synagogue in West Bloomfield, MI Sadducees – wealthy, influential, rejected newer teachings, didn’t believe in life after death Pharisees – strict observance of Sabbath, tithing, dietary laws Essenes – writers of the Dead Sea scrolls, communal living, celebate Zealots – against Roman occupation Torah
- 168. Creation Noah’s Ark Adam and Eve
- 169. John the Baptist Mary Magdalene
- 170. What people thought of early Christians - Eucharist
- 171. Early Christian Burials - Catacombs
- 172. Beginnings of Medieval Art
- 173. Constantine’s arch – some new, some stolen from Hadrian’s arch
- 176. Similar structures for pagan Roman cremated remains
- 180. Sebastian the wine merchant Chi-Rho, alpha, omega, victory wreath First two letters of Christ in Greek, “I am the alpha and the omega, the beginning and the end” – first and last letters of the Greek alphabet.
- 181. "We have this hope as an anchor for the soul, firm and secure. It enters the inner sanctuary behind the curtain, where Jesus, who went before us, has entered on our behalf. He has become a high priest forever, in the order of Melchizedek." (Hebrews 6:19-20) The fish symbol is an ancient one in Christianity, representing both Jesus and his followers. Jesus had told Peter, "I will make you fishers of men" (Matthew 4:19). But the fish through an acrostic also became a symbol of Jesus himself. The ICHTHUS symbol helped Christians identify one another as believers.
- 190. Writing of the Vulgate Late 300’s, St. Jerome translates the Old Testament (Torah) from Hebrew into Latin and the New Testament from Greek into Latin (The Torah existed in Aramaic and Greek also – the Greek version is called the Septuagint) http://www.scborromeo. org/truth/b4.htm
- 191. When bad translations happen to good people
- 192. Sta. Costanza 350 ad
- 198. Old St. Peter’s, Rome
Editor's Notes
- #3: Cleopatra and her brother were in a civil war for Egypt. Julius helped her to win control and then took her as a lover – angering the Roman people. He further angered them when he came home and proclaimed himself Dictator; at first for five years and then for life. Most Roman political seats wee given up yearly.
- #14: Generally well loved, restored temples, created an almost impossible footprint for following emperors to follow
- #18: Procession is the witnessing of the dedication of the Ara Pacis itself with Augustus presiding.
- #43: Caligula is a nickname that refers to sandals he wore as a child – started off great; brought back exiles, paid back taxes, gave bonuses to the army, etc.
- #57: Prasutagus' death is known to have been in either 59 or 60 CE, after having been "longa opulentia clarus" (or "long renowned for his wealth") and after a long reign. His wealth he left to his two daughters, and he left the regency to Boadicea in the girls' behalf. The Romans had other ideas about the estate - they took it all. According to Tacitus, "Kingdom and household alike were plundered like prizes of war". The first step in accomplishing this was to humiliate and viciously flog Boadicea in her own home and in front of her family. The brutal rape of her daughters soon followed.
- #161: Go to the theatre – theatre of Dionysus