WFTDA 4.0 Rules

Editor's Notes

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• #3: The Womens Flat Track Derby Association is the major organizing body of flat track derby in the world.They were organized in 2004 as the United Leagues Committee.In July of 2005 they held their first annual meeting in Chicago. In November 2005 their name was changed to Womens Flat Track Derby Association or WFTDA.The first rule set – rule set 1.0 - was released for the Dust Devil tournament played in Arizona in February 2006.All subsequent rule sets were developed around May of each year. Rule sets 2.0 and 3.0 were revised in August of the year of their release. August revisions were 2.1 and 3.1 respectively.In April 2009 4.0 came on to the scene.Regular rule changes are a normal part of any sport. It is important for players, coaches, and referees to understand the process for rule development and issuance and be prepared to learn the rules and their implications to the sport as they evolve.Rules, clarifications, addenda and other WFTDA rules resources for member and non-member leagues are available on the WFTDA web site – www.WFTDA.com.Many non-official sites and groups exist to discuss the rules and strategery based on the rules such as Yahoo groups and Zebra huddle but the official rules and rules clarifications come from the WFTDA site.Only member leagues have input into rules, rule modifications, and clarifications. The rules committee is comprised of skaters and referees from WFTDA member leagues.All skaters – whether you are on a roster, helping out as an NSO, making a program, practicing, drilling, refereeing, or coaching – need to know the rules and how to apply them to play. As part of a team your knowledge of the rules will contribute effectively to team communications and learning.Our objective today is to present the current rule set to you so that you can not only remember them, but in ways that might help you, in whatever capacity you serve, apply them to your role in derby.(Ask if there are any questions about WFTDA, rules history, and resources)<number>
• #4: NOTES: Make sure everyone has a copy of current rule set available(click) When entering any WFTDA tournament, a team is up to 20 skaters who pass the standard eligibility requirements.What do we mean when we say “Standard Eligibility Requirements”? (A: Minimum skills)WFTDA has published minimum skills but teams can also have their own required skills above and beyond the WFTDA requirements.(click) A roster is composed of no more than 14 skaters selected from the team. In a tournament different skaters can be in different rosters for different games but the roster must be the same during a single game.(click) During a tournament, a league may substitute an alternate from the team.NOTE 3.1 to 4.0 change: in 3.1 a substituted skater could not play in subsequent bouts within a tournament.Rules covered:1 TEAMS1.1 Teams shall consist of a maximum of 20 skaters that have passed the Minimum SkillRequirements established by the Women’s Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).1.2 At most, 14 skaters may be on the roster for a specific game. Leagues may rotate their gameroster from their team roster between games.1.3 During a tournament, leagues may substitute alternates from their team roster. If a skater ispulled from the tournament and replaced with an alternate, she may re-enter the tournament in asubsequent game.<number>
• #5: Track setup is not just for referees and officials. It is important to know the requirements for bout production and location research as well. Plus, there is a restriction to the number of coaches allowed in the team area.Track setup is covered in rules Appendix B – and has been established since 2005Method of marking can be subject to venue restrictions but must be standard dimensions(click to remove track layout papers)Must be clean, flat, suitable for roller skating – and made of (click) polished concrete, (click) wood, or (click) game court floorsRules Covered2.1 TRACK2.1.1 For regulation inter-league games, the track shall be based on the specifications inAppendix B. The method of marking dimensions (tape, rope, etc), including suggested10’ marks, are subject to the restrictions of the venue; however, the track must be thestandardized dimensions.2.1.2 The track surface shall be clean, flat, and suitable for roller skating. Acceptable surfacesinclude polished or painted concrete, wood, or game court floors.<number>
• #6: (CLICK) Boundary must be raised and between (CLICK) ¼” and (CLICK) 2” highIn such a way that is highly visible to skaters and is safe.Rules Covered2.1 TRACK2.1.3 The track boundaries should be marked by a raised boundary at least .25” and no morethan 2” height, in such a way that is highly visible to skaters and officials and does notpresent a safety hazard to skaters. The track boundary line width must be at least 1” andno greater than 3”.<number>
• #7: Must be highly visible and between (CLICK) 1” and (click) 3” wide**Note 3.1 to 4.0 changes: there didn’t use to be a rule specifying boundary marking width now there is.(click)Pivot start line and (click)jammer start line must be clearly marked(click)10’ marks are highly encouragedRules Covered2.1 TRACK2.1.3 The track boundaries should be marked by a raised boundary at least .25” and no morethan 2” height, in such a way that is highly visible to skaters and officials and does notpresent a safety hazard to skaters. The track boundary line width must be at least 1” andno greater than 3”.2.1.3.1 The track must have a clear demarcation for:2.1.3.1.1 Pivot start line2.1.3.1.2 Jammer start line2.1.3.2 Ten foot track intervals are strongly encouraged, see Appendix B.<number>
• #8: The track area includes more than the track itself. The track area also includes chairs or benches in designated team areas – either (click) inside or(click) on the sidelines(click) Only skaters who are on the ROSTER for a particular game – and as we know that’s up to 14 skaters may sit or stand in the designated team area(click) Only TWO support staff – which may include managers, coaches, or other non-skating players per team are allowed in this area. Major penalties will be issued to the team Captain per 6.12.20 for too many people in this designated area.Rules Covered2.1 TRACK2.1.4 The track area will include chairs or benches in designated team areas, either in theinfield or on the sidelines. Only those skaters who are on the roster for that game may sitor stand in the designated team area. Up to two support staff (team managers, coaches,or other non-skating players) per team are allowed in this area during a bout.<number>
• #9: There must be a (click)10’ clearance around the outside of the track for safety.A wall or barrier preventing skaters from contacting spectators allows this clearance to be reduced to as little as 5 feet. Referees may skate in this safety zone area as well as the infield of the track.All areas of the track, boundaries, and safety zone must be well lit.Rules Covered2.1 TRACK2.1.5 There will be a ten foot clearance around the outside of the track for safety. If there is arail, wall, or barrier between the track and the crowd that completely prevents contactbetween spectators and contestants, a five foot clearance is permissible. Referees mayskate in this area, and/or the infield of the track. The clearance cannot be less than fivefeet.2.1.6 For safety and visibility, the track surface, boundaries, safety zone, and penalty boxshould be clearly lit.2.1.7 The track and the boundary marker line are considered in bounds.
• #10: A bout or game is composed of 60 minutes of play (click) divided into two periods of 30 minutes played between two teams.NOTE: Change from 3.1 to 4.0 which allowed play to be divided into three 20 minute periods as wellThe team with the most points WINS.Games can be combined into double header events with the periods staggered or each game played in full one at a time.2.2 STRUCTURE2.2.1 A bout or game is composed of 60 minutes of play divided into two periods of 30 minutesplayed between two teams.2.2.2 The team with the most points at the end of the game wins.2.2.3 Two or more games may be combined in a single “double-header” event. Games caneither be staggered by periods or played in full, one at a time depending upon theagreement between teams involved.<number>
• #11: With our 30 minute periods they BEGIN when the designated official blows the first jam whistle – one long whistle blast.(click ON MOVIE to play movie)The period ENDS when the last jam reaches its natural conclusion. If the period clock reaches :00 and the jam is not over due to a full two minutes, the jammer calling it off, or being called off for injury, it will run until one of those things happens.We recommend at your location you disable any time clock buzzer so skaters may be tuned into timer whistle.If a jam ends and there is less than :30 seconds on the clock, another jam will NOT start unless a time out is called.The break between periods must be at least 5 minutes to allow for referee rotation and if allowed, skater warm-up.Rules Covered:2.3 PERIODS2.3.1 The period begins when the designated Official blows the first jam whistle. The signal willbe one long whistle blast.2.3.2 There will be at least a five-minute break between periods to allow for referee rotationand, if applicable, skater warm-up.2.3.3 The period ends when the last jam reaches its natural conclusion (see Section 2.4). Thismay extend past the point when the period clock reaches zero.2.3.4 If 30 seconds or fewer remain on the period clock when a jam ends, there will not be another jam started for that period, unless a timeout is called (see Section 2.6.5)<number>
• #12: Our two 30 minute period are divided up into many jams. There is no limit to the number of jams, I just put some up here for illustration.(click)A jam CAN last up to but no longer than 2 minutes but can be shorter (click)if the lead jammer calls it off or a referee calls it off for official reasons including but not limited to injury.A jam officially ends (for scoring, penalty box time and beginning of interim time) at the fourth whistle of the jam ending signal – which is for rapid whistle blasts.(click)There is a 30 second break between each jam.Rules Covered2.4 JAMS2.4.1 A period is divided into multiple jams, which are races between the two teams to scorepoints. There is no limit to the number of jams allowed in each period.2.4.2 A jam may last up to two minutes. Jams end on the 4th whistle of the jam-ending signal,(see Section 2.9 Whistles).2.4.3 There are 30 seconds between jams.<number>
• #13: Skaters have to be in position and ready to start the next jam after the allotted time or the jam starts without them and the team will skate short.No penalty is recorded.What does it mean to be IN POSITION?(click)If you are a jammer you are “in position and ready” if you are inbounds on the track when the FIRST pack whistle blows.(click)Jammers may get a false start penalty if they are not on or behind the jammer line with the jammer whistle and we’ll cover those penalties when we get to section 6.The jammer helmet cover itself must be in the jammer’s hand at the first whistle or it may NOT enter the jam in progress. The jammer may put the helmet cover on at any time but cannot score unless it is on properly. The jammer is considered the jammer based on her starting position at the first whistle.Note: This is a clarification from 3.1 to the new 4.0 rules.Rules Covered2.4 JAMS2.4.4 If all skaters are not in position and ready to start the next jam after the allotted time, thejam will start without the missing skater(s) and the team will skate short for that jam.2.4.4.1 Jammers are considered in position and ready if they are in bounds when thefirst whistle of the jam (i.e., the whistle to start the pack rolling) is blown.Jammers are subject to false start penalties if they are not on or behind theJammer line (see Section 6.12.4 for specific penalty details). Jammers arepermitted to put on their helmet covers after the jam has started. However,each Jammer must have her helmet cover in hand before the jam startingwhistle. A helmet cover cannot enter a jam in progress.2.4.4.1.1 If the Jammer is not on the track when the jam starting whistleblows, the Jammer will not be permitted to join the jam in progress.No penalty will be issued.<number>
• #14: Pivots and blockers – like jammers are considered in position and ready if they are in bounds when the first whistle blows.(click)But blockers and pivots will get false start penalties if they are not between the pivot and jammer lines when the jam whistle blows.Like the jammer, the pivot MUST have the pivot panty in hand before the jam start whistle or she may not wear it. The pivot panty may not enter a jam in progress.There is no penalty recorded if jammers, pivots, or blockers are not on the track when the jam starts, but they are treated for scoring purposes as any out of play blocker and are not permitted to join the jam.Rules Covered2.4 JAMS2.4.4.2 Pivots and Blockers are considered in position and ready if they are in boundswhen the first whistle of the jam blows (this is the whistle to start the packrolling). They are subject to false start penalties if they are not behind the Pivotline and in front of the Jammer line (see Section 6.12.4 for specific penaltydetails). Pivots are permitted to put on their helmet covers after the jam hasstarted. However, each Pivot must have her helmet cover in hand before thejam starting whistle. A helmet cover cannot enter a jam in progress.2.4.4.2.1 If a Pivot or Blocker is not on the track when the jam startingwhistle blows, that player will not be permitted to join the jam inprogress. No penalty will be issued.<number>
• #15: The jam is over when a referee calls it off with four short whistle blasts—the jam ends onthe fourth whistle. The jam will not continue even if the whistle was inadvertent orincorrect.Rules Covered2.4 JAMS2.4.5 The jam is over when a referee calls it off with four short whistle blasts—the jam ends onthe fourth whistle. The jam will not continue even if the whistle was inadvertent orincorrect.<number>
• #16: Some times the game can end in a tie in which case, 2.5 covers what to do in the event of a tie.(click)To begin, the teams have ONE MINUTE TO REGROUP(click)The final jam lasts for TWO MINUTESDuring that time(click)There is no lead jammer(click)Penalties are still called(click) Points acrue with the FIRST pass(click)Team with most points WINS. Repeat 1 minute break, 2 minute jams until one team has more pointsOvertime is an extension of the final period (Why would that matter?)If an overtime jam ends before 2 minutes for any reason the bout ends and the score stands if the score is no longer tied.NOTE: Overtime play, including the 1 minute between over time jams and what happens if an overtime jam ends early have been clarified from 3.1 to 4.0Rules Covered2.5 OVERTIME2.5.1 If the score is tied at the end of a bout, a final overtime jam will determine the winner.After one minute to regroup, the teams will skate a full two-minute jam. This jam will haveno Lead Jammer, and penalties will be called. Jammers will begin accruing points ontheir first pass through the pack. The team with the most points at the end of the overtimejam is the bout winner. If the score remains tied, additional overtime jams will be playeduntil the tie is broken. There is one minute between any additional overtime jams.2.5.1.1 If an overtime jam ends before two minutes for any reason, the bout endsimmediately and the score stands. Additional jams can only be played if thescore remains tied.2.5.2 Overtime is not a new period. Overtime is an extension of the final period.<number>
• #17: (click)Each team may take up to 3 one-minute time outs in a GAME(click)Only captains or designated alternates may call a time out and a manager (non-skater) MAY be designated an alternate.(click)A Captain or DA signals a time out by making a T with their hands to the officials(click)Teams may only request a time out between jams(click)Referees may call an official time out at any time. They make a signal of pointing their fingers to their shoulders.(click)Time outs stop the period clock and it does not restart until the next jam starts.Rules Covered2.6 TIMEOUTS2.6.1 Each team is allowed three one-minute timeouts per game.2.6.2 To take a timeout, the Captain or Designated Alternate will signal the officials and make aT signal with her/his hands, to indicate that she/he is requesting a timeout. Referees willsignal for the clock to stop. If the Designated Alternate is a manager, she/he is permittedto call a timeout (see Section 2.8.2.2).2.6.3 Teams may take timeouts only between jams.2.6.4 Referees may call an Official Timeout at any point. This will stop the clock so thatreferees have time to review a call or adjust the number of skaters on the floor.2.6.5 After a timeout the period clock does not resume until the next jam starts.<number>
• #18: There will be benches or seats in a designated area which will be the “Penalty Box”.May seat teams separateSeating for 3 players from each team – total of 6 seatsEasily accessible neutral areaClose to trackRules Covered2.7 PENALTY BOX2.7.1 Benches or seats must be provided to make up the “Penalty Box.” This is the designatedarea where penalty time will be served. The benches or seats must be capable ofaccommodating a total of 6 players (3 from each team).2.7.2 The penalty benches must be situated in an easily accessible, neutral area close to thetrack. Teams may use separate penalty boxes.<number>
• #19: There will be separate jam, period, and penalty clocks. This is the original Texas Rollergirls scoreboard with separate jam and period clocks.Jam AND period clocks MUST BE VISIBLE to the referees, teams, and fansNOTE: This is a new rule in 4.0(click)The period clockStarts on the first whistle of the first jamDoes not stop except for timeoutsMust be stopped if between jam time exceeds 30 seconds(click)The jam clockStarts on the first whistle of the jamStops at the fourth whistle at the end of the jam(click)Penalty ClocksMust have enough clocks to time all penalties simultaneouslyStop between jamsNeed not be visible – players may ask how much time they have remainingNOTE: The ability of players to ask about time remaining is a new clarification in 4.0Rules Covered2.8 CLOCKS2.8.1 Each game will have separate penalty clocks, jam clocks and period clocks.2.8.2 Official Period Clock2.8.2.1 The official period clock starts on the first whistle of the first jam.2.8.2.2 The official period clock does not stop between jams unless a timeout is called.The period clock stops during a timeout.2.8.2.3 Officials must stop the official period clock between jams when time exceeds30 seconds.2.8.2.4 The official period clock must be highly visible to referees, teams and fans.2.8.3 Jam Clock2.8.3.1 The jam clock starts on the first whistle of the jam.2.8.3.2 The jam clock stops at the end of each jam (on the fourth whistle).2.8.3.3 The jam clock must be highly visible to referees, teams and fans.2.8.4 Penalty Clocks2.8.4.1 Each game must have enough time clocks to time all penalties simultaneously(see Section 7.3.3 for details on penalty timing procedures).2.8.4.2 All penalty clocks stops between jams (see Section 7.3.3 for procedure).2.8.4.3 Penalty clocks are not required to be visible to referees, teams and fans. Whilein the Penalty Box, players may request knowledge of how much penalty timethey have remaining.<number>
• #20: Rules covered:2.9 WHISTLESDescription Whistle SignalJam Start – Pack start One longJam Start – Jammer start Two rapidLead Jammer Two rapidMinor Penalty None4th Minor Penalty One longMajor Penalty One longJam Called Off/Ended Four rapid(have Will demonstrate whistles per chart)Note: Whistles are now “rapid” not short which indicates speed of whistles as well as duration<number>
• #21: Player positions refer to the position a skater plays in a given jam.Skaters may play any number of positions during a bout but only one in any given jam.Each team may have a maximum of four blockers in play one of which may be a pivot. They may have one jammer.Rules Covered:3 PLAYERSPlayer positions refer to the position a skater is playing in a given jam. A skater is not limited in thenumber of positions she may play during a bout, but is limited to playing one designated position at atime. A maximum of four Blockers and one Jammer from each team are allowed on the track duringplay; only one of the Blockers may be a Pivot Blocker (see section 3.2 and 3.3).<number>
• #22: Blockers line up behind the pivots and in front of the jammer line.With 4.0 rules there is absolutely NO required formation for blockers other than that they be behind their pivots and in front of the jammer line. In 3.1 blockers were required to line up in two rows.Blockers defensively hinder the progress of the opposing team’s jammer or other blockers.Blockers offensively aid their own jammer’s progress or their own teammates.Only the pivot blocker may become eligible to earn points and non-pivot blockers wear no helmet covers.Rules Covered3.1 BLOCKER3.1.1 Prior to the start of a jam, Blockers line up behind the Pivots and ahead of the Jammers.They play a key role in determining the position of the pack and keeping the pack formed.Blockers play a defensive role for their teams. They attempt to hinder the progress of theopposing team’s Jammer and defend their team’s Jammer from the defensive maneuversof the opposing team. They may also directly assist their team’s Jammer on trips throughthe pack. Blockers never score points. Only the Pivot Blocker may become eligible toscore points, according to the specifications in Section 3.5 Passing the Star.3.1.2 Blocker identification: Non-Pivot Blockers do not wear helmet covers.<number>
• #23: Pivots line up at the front of the pack on the pivot line.Pivots have the ability to receive a star pass from their team’s jammer and be eligible to score points.Teams need NOT field a pivot – this is a new rule in 4.0Pivots wear a striped helmet cover.Rules Covered:3.2 PIVOT BLOCKER3.2.1 The Pivot is special subset of Blocker with the extra ability of receiving a star pass. Priorto the start of a jam, Pivots line up at the front of the pack, as specified in Section 4.2.2Pivot Starting Position. In certain circumstances, a Pivot may take over the position ofJammer for her team according to the specifications in Section 3.5 Passing the Star. ThePivot is a specialized class of Blocker—they are Blockers in all senses and practices,with the additional ability to receive a Star Pass. It is not mandatory to field a Blocker asa Pivot.3.2.2 Pivot identification: Pivots wear a striped helmet cover, as specified in Section 3.6 HelmetCovers.do not wear helmet covers.<number>
• #24: Jammers line up at the rear of the pack on or behind the jammer line.Her role is to get through the pack which will put her in scoring position then lap the pack and score one point for each opposing player she passes in scoring passes.She wears a helmet cover with a star on either side and is considered the jammer so long as she starts in the jammer starting position.She is considered an ACTIVE jammer when she is properly wearing the jammer helmet cover with visible stars.A jammer who is not active may have all jammer advantages except the ability to score points or earn lead jammer status.Jammers may pass their helmet cover to their team’s pivot which we’ll get to.Rules Covered3.3 JAMMER3.3.1 Prior to the start of a jam, Jammers line up at the rear of the pack as specified in Section4.2.4 Jammer Starting Position. The Jammer’s role is to make her way through the pack,lap the pack, and pass through the pack as many times as she chooses in a jam to scorepoints for her team per the specifications in Section 8 Scoring. A Jammer may pass herposition to her team’s Pivot according to the specifications in Section 3.5 Passing theStar.3.3.2 Jammer Identification: Jammers wear a helmet cover with two stars, one on each side, asspecified in Section 3.6 Helmet Covers. A player lined up in the Jammer StartingPosition will not be considered an active Jammer unless she is wearing a helmet coverwith visible stars.3.3.2.1 A Jammer who is not active has the advantage of all Jammer abilities exceptscoring points (Section 8) and earning Lead Jammer status (Section 3.4).<number>
• #25: Lead Jammer is a strategic position established on the Jammers’ initial pass through thepack during each jam. The Lead Jammer is the first Jammer to pass the foremost in-playBlocker (click) legally and (click) in bounds, having already passed all other Blockers (click) legally and (click) in bounds.(click)Any legal pass counts! If she passes illegally, she may drop back and repass. Passing is determined by hips.(click)Referees signal Lead Jammer IMMEDIATELY after it is earned (have Will demonstrate whistle)Right arm is extended with index and middle fingers pointing at the lead jammer while the left arm is held straight up in the air with the hand making an L shape with the index finger and thumb. This is held until the jammer reaches the engagement zone a the back of the pack for the first scoring pass. At this time the jammer referee continues to point at the lead jammer but brings down the inside arm which will later be used to report scores to score keeper.(click)Jammers must pass the foremost in-play blocker to become the lead jammer, but not any blockers who are more than 20’ ahead of the pack.If there is no pack, the jammer must pass all blockers to become lead jammer regardless of where they are are on the track.Rules Covered3.4 LEAD JAMMER3.4.1 Lead Jammer is a strategic position established on the Jammers’ initial pass through thepack during each jam. The Lead Jammer is the first Jammer to pass the foremost in-playBlocker legally and in bounds, having already passed all other Blockers legally and inbounds.3.4.1.1 Lead Jammer status will be signaled immediately after it is earned. SeeSection 3.4.2.3 for ‘Not Lead Jammer’.3.4.1.2 A Jammer must be ahead of the foremost in-play Blocker, as demarked by thehips, in order to become Lead Jammer.3.4.1.3 Jammers do not need to pass Blockers ahead of the legal Engagement Zone inorder to become Lead Jammer.3.4.1.4 During a no pack situation (as per Section 4.1.2), the Jammer must pass allBlockers to become Lead Jammer.3.4.2 In order to gain Lead Jammer status on her initial pass through the pack, a Jammer mustpass the foremost in-play Blocker legally and in bounds, having already passed all otherBlockers legally and in bounds.<number>
• #26: Let’s clarify – even if a jammer commits a penalty against a blocker, so long as she legally passes that blocker at some point, the passing of that blocker counts toward earning lead jammer status.(Click)To remain eligible for Lead Jammer a jammer must remain IN BOUNDS until she reaches the Engagement Zone(click)Jammers may repass blockers they passed illegally until they have passed the pack by 20’.At this point a jammer is declared NOT lead jammer and the referee signals as such.If the first jammer to emerge from the pack does not earn Lead Jammer the second jammer is still eligible so long as she meets the same requirements.If neither jammer meets the requirements there will be no lead jammer in that jam.Rules Covered3.4 LEAD JAMMER3.4.2.2 To remain eligible for Lead Jammer, a Jammer must remain in bounds untilshe is within 20 feet of the pack, a.k.a. the Engagement Zone, the area inwhich she may be legally engaged by a Blocker. No part of her skate(s) maytouch the ground outside the track boundary before she initially enters theEngagement Zone. Until she initially reaches the Engagement Zone, aJammer may be blocked out of bounds by the opposing Jammer, rendering herineligible to become Lead Jammer.3.4.2.3 Once the Jammer has cleared the pack by 20 feet, she is no longer eligible tore-pass. If she has not passed all of the players on both teams legally and inbounds, she will be declared NOT Lead Jammer at this point.3.4.2.4 See Section 3.4.7 and 7.3.2.2.1 for further information on how a player sent tothe penalty box affects Lead Jammer.3.4.3 A pass is determined by the skaters’ hips.3.4.4 If the first Jammer to emerge from the pack does not earn Lead Jammer status on herinitial pass through the pack, the second Jammer is eligible to become Lead Jammer,provided that she meets the specified requirements. If the second skater also fails to earnLead Jammer status on her initial pass through the pack, there will be no Lead Jammerfor that jam.<number>
• #27: A jammer who begins a jam in the penalty box is eligible to become lead jammer.A jammer who is sent to the box during a jam is not eligible to become lead jammer and loses lead jammer if she had it.A jammer also loses her lead jammer status if her helmet cover is removed.If an opponent is responsible for removing her helmet cover, she may replace it and regain lead jammer status.Rules Covered3.4 LEAD JAMMER3.4.5 A Jammer who begins the jam in the penalty box is eligible to earn Lead Jammer status,provided that the other Jammer has not already been declared Lead Jammer. A Jammersent to the penalty box while making her initial pass through the pack is not eligible tobecome Lead Jammer upon re-entering the jam.3.4.6 The Lead Jammer is the only skater who has the privilege of calling off (ending) the jamprior to the expiration of the full two minutes. She may call off the jam at any time afterher position has been established, unless she has been removed from the jam due to apenalty or her helmet cover has been removed. If the helmet cover is removed by anopponent’s action, the Jammer may replace the helmet cover and regain Lead Jammerstatus. She calls off the jam by repeatedly placing both hands on her hips until thereferee whistles the end of the jam. The jam is not over until the referee officially calls offthe jam. If there is no Lead Jammer, the jam will run until the full two-minute time limitexpires.3.4.7 Once a Jammer has been declared Lead Jammer, she retains Lead Jammer status forthe duration of the jam unless she forfeits the status by:3.4.7.1 Removing her helmet cover for any reason.3.4.7.2 Being removed from play due to a penalty.<number>
• #28: The lead jammer is the only skater who may call off a jam once she earns it.She does so by REPEATEDLY placing both hands on her hips until the referee officially calls off the jam.Rules Covered3.4 LEAD JAMMER3.4.6 The Lead Jammer is the only skater who has the privilege of calling off (ending) the jamprior to the expiration of the full two minutes. She may call off the jam at any time afterher position has been established, unless she has been removed from the jam due to apenalty or her helmet cover has been removed. If the helmet cover is removed by anopponent’s action, the Jammer may replace the helmet cover and regain Lead Jammerstatus. She calls off the jam by repeatedly placing both hands on her hips until thereferee whistles the end of the jam. The jam is not over until the referee officially calls offthe jam. If there is no Lead Jammer, the jam will run until the full two-minute time limitexpires.3.4.7 Once a Jammer has been declared Lead Jammer, she retains Lead Jammer status forthe duration of the jam unless she forfeits the status by:3.4.7.1 Removing her helmet cover for any reason.3.4.7.2 Being removed from play due to a penalty.<number>
• #29: A jammer may pass her helmet cover to her pivot during play making the pivot the point scoring jammer for the team during that jam.Here you can watch Aurora Gory Alice “Pass the Star” to Violet Venom.She takes the helmet cover off with her own hands and hands it to he pivot which is the ONLY legal way for a star pass to occur.There can be no throwing of the helmet cover or passing through other skaters.3.5 PASSING THE STARA Jammer may transfer her position to her team’s Pivot, allowing said Pivot to become the point scoringskater for her team for the remainder of the jam. This is commonly referred to as “Passingthe Star.” Only the position of Jammer, and not the status of Lead Jammer, may be transferred to aPivot Blocker. If the Jammer that “passes the star” to her Pivot was Lead Jammer, that status isautomatically forfeited and there is no Lead Jammer for the remainder of the jam. It is illegal totransfer the star outside of the Engagement Zone. A Pivot cannot be Lead Jammer. The position ofPivot cannot be transferred by passing the Pivot helmet cover. Violations of these outlinedprocedures merit Illegal Procedure penalties, as described in Section 6.12 Illegal Procedures, to beassessed against the skater responsible for the violation.<number>
• #30: (click) either jammer may pass the star(click) the jammer and pivot must be in the Engagement Zone during the passAnd the jammer may not be on the way to the penalty box(click) the initiator of the pass is responsible for the legality of it(click) the star may be passed by a jammer after returning to play from the box(click) the cover may only be removed by the jammer(click) a jammer who has removed the helmet cover does not accrue points or remain lead jammerShe can accrue points again by returning the cover to her helmet with the stars visible(click) after a successful pass, the pivot takes over the jammer status3.5 PASSING THE STAR3.5.1 The star may be transferred by either Jammer while in the Engagement Zone. Jammersand pivots must be within the Engagement Zone play to pass the star.3.5.2 The star may only be transferred to a Pivot who is in play.3.5.3 The initiator of the star pass is always responsible for the legality of the star pass.3.5.3.1 Jammers may not transfer the star while in route to or while in the penalty box.3.5.3.2 Jammers may transfer the star upon returning to play from the penalty box.3.5.4 Pass ProcedureIn order to transfer the Jammer position to the Pivot, a Jammer must remove her helmetcover and hand it to her team’s Pivot. The helmet cover may not be handed off via otherskaters or thrown. The helmet cover may not be taken off the Jammer’s head by thePivot or another skater. A Jammer who has removed her helmet cover has forfeited:3.5.4.1 Her ability to accrue points, unless she returns the helmet cover to her headwith visible stars.3.5.4.2 Her Lead Jammer status.3.5.5 Jammer status is transferred when the Pivot is wearing the helmet cover on her helmet.<number>
• #31: Helmet covers may not be thrown or passed via other skatersOnce transferred jammer status may not be transferred backOpponent may block a star pass by any legal means of blockingA helmet cover which falls on the ground may only be recovered by the original jammer or pivotA pivot may put on a helmet cover she retrieves from the ground and it is considered a successful passHelmet covers may not be retrieved by clockwise skatingAfter a successful pass, the original jammer is considered a non-pivot blockerAll players retain their position status regardless of penalty3.5 PASSING THE STAR3.5.4 Pass ProcedureIn order to transfer the Jammer position to the Pivot, a Jammer must remove her helmetcover and hand it to her team’s Pivot. The helmet cover may not be handed off via otherskaters or thrown. The helmet cover may not be taken off the Jammer’s head by thePivot or another skater.3.5.6 Once Jammer status is transferred, it cannot be transferred back to the original Jammer.3.5.7 A star pass may be blocked by the opposing team by any means of legal blocking.3.5.8 Incomplete star passes and recovery3.5.8.1 If a helmet cover falls to the ground, or is removed from play by any means, itmay only be recovered by the Jammer or Pivot.3.5.8.1.1 The Pivot is eligible to obtain Jammer status by retrieving adropped helmet cover and placing it on her helmet.3.5.8.2 A helmet cover may only be recovered in the normal course of counterclockwise skating. Neither backwards nor forwards skating in the clockwisedirection to retrieve a dropped helmet cover is allowed.3.5.8.3 If a star pass cannot be completed for any reason, the Jammer may return thehelmet cover to her own helmet and regain her active Jammer position, but nother Lead Jammer status. (see Section 3.5.3 Pass Procedure)3.5.9 Pass Completion3.5.9.1 A Pivot who has been passed the star attains Jammer status when she has thehelmet cover on her helmet. Until the Jammer cover is on, she is subject to outof play penalties.3.5.9.2 A Pivot who has been passed the star and has become the Jammer is nowsubject to all rules per Section 8.0 Scoring. She picks up where the previousJammer left off on points scored and number of laps through the pack. Thehelmet cover must be on the new Jammer’s helmet and the stars must bevisible in order for the new Jammer to accrue points.3.5.9.3 A Pivot who has taken the position of Jammer for her team by means of asuccessful helmet cover transfer will play the position of Jammer for theduration of the jam.3.5.9.4 A Jammer who successfully completes a helmet cover transfer to her Pivot willplay the position of Blocker for the remainder of the jam.3.5.10 Passing the Star Penalty Procedures3.5.10.1 If, in a given jam, the Jammer who received a star pass (formerly the Pivot) issent to the penalty box, she remains her team’s Jammer when her penaltyspans into the next jam. A different player is permitted to play as Pivot in thenext jam.3.5.10.2 If, in a given jam, the Blocker who transferred the star (formerly the Jammer) issent to the penalty box, she remains a Non-Pivot Blocker when her penaltyspans into the next jam. Different players are permitted to play Jammer andPivot in the next jam.<number>
• #32: Read Screen4.0 – “High Contrast” is a new rule clarification. Same color scheme is a new rule.3.6 HELMET COVERS3.6.1 A team’s helmet cover colors must meet the definition of high contrast beyond areasonable doubt or the Head Referee shall request that the team use helmet covers thatmeet the definition. The Jammer and/or Pivot’s helmet cover colors are of high contrast ifthere is a large degree of visual difference between the star/stripe color and the basecolor of the cover such that the star/stripe color stands out from the base color.3.6.2 A team’s helmet covers are easily identifiable if they can be readily distinguished byOfficials, other players, and fans from the helmets of the Blockers on the track. Blockers’helmets may be of the same color as the base color of a team’s helmet covers.3.6.3 All helmet covers used by one team must be of the same color scheme. E.g., a teamcannot use black base and yellow star/stripe in one jam then yellow base and black stripein the next jam, or mix color schemes in the same jam.3.6.4 The Pivot’s helmet cover must have a single, solid stripe a minimum of two inches widerunning from front to back. Helmet cover base color and stripe must be of high contrastand easily identifiable.3.6.4.1 Only the Pivot’s helmet cover may have stripes on it that run the length of thehelmet in any direction or any marks that might be confused with stripes.3.6.5 The Jammer’s helmet cover must have two stars that are a minimum of four inchesacross, from point to point. Helmet cover base color and stars must be of high contrastand easily identifiable.3.6.5.1 Only the Jammer’s helmet cover may have stars on it or any marks that mightbe confused with stars. (Player numbers are permitted on helmets per Section3.7.2.2).3.6.6 Helmet Covers must be on the player’s helmet or in the player’s hand before the jamstarting whistle. Helmet covers cannot enter a jam in progress.<number>
• #33: Player numbers must be visible on the back of her uniform.Legible and large enough to read from anywhere on the track or track boundary.Must be high contrast.(click)Each member must wear a uniform which identifies her as part of the team.Uniforms must be in good repair and not cause a hazard.Patches and numbers must be securely fastened.(click)No safety pins.(click)Skaters must display their number on each sleeve or arm. High contrast. Clearly visible.Arm numbers may be hand written.(click)The arm or sleeve numbers must be a minimum of 2” tall and a maximum of 4” tallPlayers may ALSO put their numbers on helmets or hips in addition to the arm or sleeve.(click)Captains and alternates are designated with a C or an A respectively displayed on the uniform or arm.3.7 UNIFORMS3.7.1 Each skater participating in a bout must visibly display her number on the back of heruniform. The print should be at least four inches tall, so that it is legible and large enoughto be read by officials who are positioned anywhere within the track or on its boundary.Name is optional.3.7.1.1 A player’s number must be of a readable font. A number is of readable font if itcan be easily read and distinguished from the other players’ numbers by theofficials, other players, and fans.3.7.1.2 A team’s jersey numbers must meet the definition of high contrast beyond areasonable doubt or the Head Referee shall request that the team provide analternative that meets the definition.3.7.1.2.1 A team’s jersey numbers are of high contrast if there is a largedegree of visual difference between the color of the number andthe base color of the jersey such that the number significantlystands out from the base color of the jersey.3.7.2 Each skater participating in a bout must visibly display her number on each sleeve orarm. Numbers must be of high contrast and easily legible. Handwritten numbers on thearm are acceptable.3.7.2.1 Numbers may be placed on the hip or thigh in addition to the arm/sleeve.3.7.2.2 Numbers may be placed on the helmet in addition to the arm/sleeve.3.7.2.3 The minimum height for a player’s number on the arm/sleeve is 2 inches.3.7.2.4 The maximum height for a player’s number on the arm/sleeve is 4 inches.3.7.3 Each member of a respective team participating in a bout must wear a uniform whichclearly identifies her as a member of her team.3.7.3.1 All uniforms shall be in good repair and shall not cause a hazard to other skaters.All patches and numbers must be securely fastened to said uniform. Safety pinsare not permitted.3.7.4 The team Captain must visibly display a “C” on her uniform or arm. The team Captain’sDesignated Alternate must display an “A” on his or her uniform or arm.<number>
• #34: 3.8 JEWELRY3.8.1 Jewelry may be worn during the bout, unless deemed a safety hazard by the referees. Itis recommended that jewelry be taped or removed. Jewelry must not interfere with playor cause danger to other players. Jewelry is worn at the risk of the wearer.<number>
• #35: 3.9 SKATES3.9.1 Players must wear quad roller skates only. Players may not wear inline or any other typeof skate.<number>
• #36: Read rules then click through pack photos to discuss pack/no pack.4.1 PACK DEFINITION4.1.1 The pack is defined by the largest group of in bounds Blockers, skating in proximity,containing members from both teams.4.1.1.1 The pack is comprised of the Blockers. The Jammer is not part of the pack.4.1.1.2 Proximity is defined as not more than ten feet (as measured from the hips) infront of or behind the nearest pack skater.4.1.1.3 In order to form a pack, a team must have at least one Blocker on the track atall times.4.1.2 When two or more groups of Blockers equal in number are on the track; are more than 10feet from one another; and no single group meets the pack definition, no pack can bedefined. Skaters will be issued a penalty for intentionally creating a no pack situation i.e.destroying the pack (see Section 6.5.7). Both teams are responsible for maintaining alegally defined pack.<number>
• #37: (click to switch from pack to jammer photo)4.2 PRE-JAM POSITIONING4.2.1 Prior to the start of a jam, all skaters must be in position with the Blockers in front of theJammers. The Pivot line is a straight line across the track at the head of the straightaway.The Jammer line is exactly 30 feet behind the Pivot line.4.2.2 Pivot Starting Position: Pivots generally line up in the front of the pack. Only the Pivotsmay line up on the Pivot line.4.2.3 Non-Pivot Blocker Starting Positions: Blockers line up behind the Pivots as demarked bythe hips. If a Pivot is not on the Pivot line, Non-Pivot Blockers are not required to line upbehind her.4.2.4 Jammer Starting Position: Jammers line up on or behind the Jammer line.4.2.5 No rules govern inside/outside positioning. Blockers may line up in any order behind thePivots.<number>
• #38: 4.3 JAM POSITIONING4.3.1 Once the pack is in motion, skaters may change location as long as they stay within thepack.4.3.2 In Play/Out of Play: When a Blocker is positioned more than 20 feet outside the pack orout of bounds, she is out of play and subject to penalties specified in Section 6.5.4.3.2.1 Skaters who are out of play may not engage the opposing Jammer or blockany opposing players.4.3.2.2 Skaters who are out of play may not assist their Jammer or other teammates.4.3.2.3 Skaters who are not part of the pack as illustrated in Figure 1, but are still inplay, may block and assist.4.3.2.4 Skaters may assist downed teammates within the Engagement Zone.4.3.2.5 Skaters may not assist teammates outside the Engagement Zone.Figure 1: In/Out of Play Example• In the diagram, Group C is the pack as it is the largestgroup of Blockers, skating in proximity, containing members ofboth teams.• The two skaters in Group B are not part of the packbecause they are more than ten feet from the pack, but they arestill considered in play as they are within 20 feet of the pack. Theskaters are not in danger of an out of play penalty, (see Section6.5).• The two skaters in Group A are considered out of playsince they are more than 20 feet from the nearest pack skater.Skaters in Group A will be warned to rejoin the pack and will bepenalized if they do not return. If they block or assist, they willalso receive out of play penalties (see Section 6.5).4.3.3 Blockers who are out of play must slow or speed up to rejoin the pack.4.3.3.1 A skater who is more than 20 feet in front of or behind the pack may receive anout of play warning by a referee; however, a referee is not required to issue awarning prior to giving a penalty. Once out of play, a skater must yield theright-of-way to the opposing Jammer by physically moving out of the Jammer’spath. Any engagement, including passive/positional blocking, can result in apenalty (see Section 6.5).4.3.3.2 A skater who is out of play must rejoin the pack in the opposite way she left.4.3.3.2.1 If the player sprinted forward of the pack, she must drop back to beconsidered in play.4.3.3.2.2 To regain position in the pack after having fallen behind orrecovering from a fall, a skater must catch up to the back of thepack by skating within the track boundaries to be considered backin play.4.3.3.2.3 Any skater who rejoins the pack in an illegal manner, such aslapping the pack or allowing the pack to lap her after a fall, issubject to penalties (see Section 6.5.2 and 6.5.3).4.3.4 The Jammers may engage each other anywhere inside the track boundaries for theduration of the jam. When a Jammer is outside of the Engagement Zone, she may onlyengage the opposing Jammer (See Section 6.5.8 and 6.5.9).<number>
• #39: 4.4 STARTS4.4.1 The pack begins rolling on a single whistle blast from the Official.4.4.2 Once the rear of the pack has reached the Pivot line, the referee whistles the Jammers tobegin their sprint through the pack with two short whistle blasts. Jammers may not beaccelerating at the Jammer starting whistle. They are, however, permitted to be moving,coasting or braking.<number>
• #40: Photo 1 - blocking / counter blockingPhoto 2 – blocking to the back5.1 GENERAL BLOCKING5.1.1 Blocking is any movement on the track designed to knock the opponent down or out ofbounds or to impede the opponent’s speed or movement through the pack.5.1.1.1 Counter-blocking is any motion/movement towards an oncoming block by thereceiving skater which is designed to counteract an opponent's block.Counter-blocking is treated as blocking and held to the same standards andrules.5.1.1.2 Only skaters who are in play (as defined in Section 4.3.2) may skate in front ofan opposing skater to impede her movement on the track (aka Passive,Positional, Frontal, or Body Blocking). Positional blocking need not includecontact.5.1.2 The skater who makes contact with a target zone of an opponent is considered theinitiator of the block. The initiator of the block is always responsible for the legality of hercontact.5.1.3 A skater who is in play and stepping or skating (i.e. not down or at a standstill) may blockor engage an opposing player at any time during the jam after their start whistle hasblown.5.1.3.1 Blockers begin at the first whistle.5.1.3.2 Jammers begin at the second whistle.5.1.4 To ensure safety, skaters may not use dangerous blocking techniques.5.1.4.1 Skaters may not block to the back (as defined in Section 5.2.2.2).5.1.4.2 Skaters must not skate clockwise in relation to the track when executing ablock.5.1.4.3 Skaters must have at least one skate on the floor when executing a block.5.1.4.4 Skaters may not execute a block on an opponent who is down, falling, orgetting up after a fall. After a fall, a skater who is not in a controlled positionand skating in the proper direction is considered down.<number>
• #41: Photo 1 – sternum blockPhoto 2 – illegal arms and elbows(might want to show next slide diagram)5.2 CONTACT ZONESContact between opponents is limited to legal blocking zones and legal target zones.5.2.1 Legal Target Zones—a skater may be hit in the following locations:5.2.1.1 The arms and hands5.2.1.2 The chest, front and side of the torso5.2.1.3 The hips5.2.1.4 The upper thigh (including the inner portion)5.2.1.5 The mid thigh5.2.2 Illegal Target Zones—for safety reasons, a skater must not be hit in the followinglocations:5.2.2.1 Anywhere above the shoulders5.2.2.2 On the back of the torso, booty or thigh5.2.2.3 Below the mid-thigh5.2.3 Legal Blocking Zones—apply to the body parts of the skater performing a block.Skaters may initiate contact with the following parts of the body:5.2.3.1 The arm from the shoulder to the elbow5.2.3.2 The torso5.2.3.3 The hips and booty5.2.3.4 The mid and upper thigh5.2.4 Illegal Blocking Zones—apply to the body parts of the skater performing a block.5.2.4.1 Elbows, see Section 6.2 for restrictions on use.5.2.4.2 Forearms/Hands, see Section 6.3 for restrictions on use.5.2.4.3 The head may not be used to block.<number>
• #42: <number>
• #43: 6 PENALTIESA Penalty is a punishment, handicap, or loss of advantage imposed on a team or competitor for a ruleinfraction or a foul. Penalties are applied to both a player and the position she is currently playing.Skaters and teams are assessed penalties due to infractions.Penalties are signaled and enforced by the referees as they occur during a bout (see Appendix C forapproved hand signals and Section 2.9 for approved whistles). When a player commits an illegal actshe must receive and serve her appropriate penalty. The initiator of a block is always responsible forthe legality of her contact.TYPES OF PENALTIESThe following penalties are addressed in detail in the sections listed below. These sections holdspecific examples that are to be followed explicitly. Illegal actions not specified below must bepenalized using these specifics as guiding examples.6.1 Blocking to the Back6.2 Use of Elbows6.3 Use of Forearms and Hands6.4 Blocking with the Head6.5 Out of Play Penalties6.6 Skating Clockwise to Block6.7 Multiple Player Blocks6.8 Cutting the Track6.9 Out of bounds Blocking6.10 Tripping and Low-Blocking6.11 Skating Out of Bounds6.12 Illegal Procedures6.13 Misconduct and Gross Misconduct6.14 Insubordination6.15 Fighting<number>
• #44: 6.1 BLOCKING TO THE BACKHitting an opponent in the back of the torso, back of the legs, or booty is prohibited (refer to IllegalTarget Zones Section 5.2.2).No Impact/No Penalty6.1.1 Incidental contact to the back from an opponent that does not force the opponent toadjust her skating stance or position in any way.6.1.2 Hitting an opponent with a legal blocking zone into a legal target zone while positionedbehind said opponent.Minor Penalty6.1.3 Any contact to the back of an opponent that forces the receiving opposing skater offbalance, forward, and/or sideways, but does not cause her to lose her relative position.Major Penalty6.1.4 Any contact to the back from an opponent that forces the receiving opposing skater out ofher established position. This includes forcing a skater down, out of bounds, or out ofposition.<number>
• #45: 6.2 USE OF ELBOWS6.2.1 When engaging another skater, elbows may not be swung with a forward/backwardmotion.6.2.2 When engaging another skater, elbows may not be swung with upward or downwardmotion.6.2.3 The elbow must be bent while blocking with that arm.6.2.4 Contact may not be made exclusively with the point of the elbow (i.e. jabbing).6.2.5 Elbows may not be used to hook an opposing player in any way (such as by wrappingone’s arm around an opponent’s arm).No Impact/No Penalty6.2.6 Incidental contact with the elbow that falls within legal target zones and does not forcethe opponent to adjust her skating stance or position in any way.Minor Penalty6.2.7 Any illegal contact with the elbow or swinging motion of the elbow, that falls within thelegal target zones that forces the receiving opposing skater off balance, forward and/orsideways but does not cause her to lose her relative position.Major Penalty6.2.8 Any illegal contact with the elbow or swinging motion of the elbow that lands above theshoulders.6.2.9 Any illegal swinging motion of the elbow or illegal elbow contact that forces the receivingopposing skater off balance, forward and/or sideways and causes her to lose her relativeposition.6.2.10 Use of an elbow or arm to pin or hook an opponent’s arm in a manner as to impede hermobility.<number>
• #46: 6.3 USE OF FOREARMS AND HANDS6.3.1 Forearms or hands may never be used to grab, hold, or push an opponent.6.3.2 Incidental forearm contact between skaters is acceptable.6.3.3 During forearm contact between skaters, the following are indications that a push hasoccurred:6.3.3.1 The initiating skater extends her arm during contact6.3.3.2 The receiving skater is propelled forwards or sidewaysNo Impact/No Penalty6.3.4 Incidental contact of forearms or hands that falls within legal target zones that does notforce the opponent to adjust her skating stance or position in any way.6.3.5 Contact made with the forearms when forearms are pulled in to the body to absorb a hit.6.3.6 A block initiated with the shoulder in which there is forearm contact to the opponent butno observable push with the forearm.Minor Penalty6.3.7 Illegal forearm or hand contact to an opponent falling within the legal target zones thatforces the receiving opposing skater off balance, forward, and/or sideways but does notcause her to lose her relative position. This includes:6.3.7.1 A slight but observable push with the hands or forearms.6.3.7.2 A block initiated with the shoulder, in which there is either a simultaneous orsubsequent push with the forearm. A push is indicated by the initiating skaterextending her arms while making contact with the forearms, resulting in thereceiving skater being propelled forward or sideways.Major Penalty6.3.8 Any illegal contact with hands or forearms above the shoulders.6.3.9 Any illegal forearm or hand contact to an opponent that forces the receiving opposingskater off balance, forward, and/or sideways and causes her to lose her relative position.This includes:6.3.9.1 Contact with hands or forearms, as indicated by the initiating skater extendingher arms, resulting in the receiving skater being propelled forwards orsideways.6.3.9.2 Use of hands or forearms to grab or hold an opposing skater, either impedingthat skater’s mobility, causing that skater to lose advantage, or forcing thatskater to the ground.<number>
• #47: 6.4 BLOCKING WITH THE HEADThe head may not be used to block an opponent. Blocking with the head is dangerous for theinitiator and the receiver.No Impact/No Penalty6.4.1 Incidental contact by the initiator’s head that does not force the opponent to adjust herskating stance or position in any way.Minor Penalty6.4.2 Incidental contact by the initiator’s head that forces the receiving opposing skater offbalance, forward and/or sideways, but does not cause her to lose relative position.Major Penalty6.4.3 Incidental contact by the initiator’s head that forces the receiving opposing skater offbalance, forward, and/or sideways and causes her to lose her relative position.6.4.4 Initiating a block with the head, regardless of impact or advantage.<number>
• #48: 6.5 OUT OF PLAY PENALTIESOut of play penalties are applied for actions occurring outside the legal Engagement Zone. Allactions are to be penalized equally regardless of position (Blocker vs. Jammer). Out of playactions include but are not limited to blocking, assisting, and destroying the pack.6.5.1 A Blocker engaging, blocking, or assisting outside the legal Engagement Zone. A penaltyshould be applied to each offending Blocker for each action.6.5.2 A Blocker re-entering the pack from behind, having lapped the pack. A penalty should beapplied to each offending Blocker (see Section 4.3.3).6.5.3 A Blocker re-entering the pack from the front, having fallen behind the pack. A penaltyshould be applied to each offending Blocker (see Section 4.3.3).6.5.4 No pack. If a team or group of skaters does not rapidly attempt to reform a legal pack,one penalty will be applied to a single player per team, if applicable, who seems mostresponsible (or the Pivot per Section 7.1.2 and 7.2.4).6.5.5 Continuing to intentionally skate more than 20' from the pack after being warned. Apenalty should be applied to each offending Blocker.6.5.6 A skater who is more than 20 feet in front of or behind the pack may receive an out ofplay warning by a referee; however, a referee is not required to issue a warning prior togiving a penalty. Issuing penalties takes priority over issuing warnings. A warning doesnot have to be issued in order for a penalty to be given (see Section 9.3.1.1).6.5.7 Intentionally destroying the pack. If a player, team, or group of skaters intentionallydestroys the pack with a conscious and orchestrated effort, one penalty will be applied toa single player who is most responsible (or the Pivot per Section 7.1.2 and 7.2.4).6.5.7.1 Examples of intentionally destroying the pack, or creating a “no pack” situation,may include but are not limited to: one team running away, one team braking orcoasting to fall more than 10ft behind the opposing team, a skater taking aknee, intentionally falling, or intentionally skating out of bounds in such amanner that the legally defined pack is destroyed.6.5.7.2 Forcing an opponent down or out of bounds is NOT to be considered illegaldestruction of the pack; however, players still must reform a pack immediatelyor be subject to out of play penalties per 6.5.4.6.5.8 Jammers may initiate engagement with Jammers outside the Engagement Zone.6.5.9 Jammers may not initiate engagement with Blockers outside the Engagement Zone. If aBlocker initiates engagement with a Jammer outside the Engagement Zone, the Jammermay counter-block and go unpenalized.No Impact/No Penalty6.5.10 Incidental blocking or contact while out of play that does not force the opponent to adjusther skating stance or position in any way.6.5.11 No Pack situations without a measurable impact on game play.Minor Penalty6.5.12 If the out of play action affects a skater but does not cause harm or adversely affect thegame, it is treated as a minor penalty.Major Penalty6.5.13 If the out of play action causes harm or has a measurable consequence for the game, itis treated as a major penalty.<number>
• #49: 6.6 SKATING CLOCKWISE TO BLOCKSkaters must not skate in the opposite direction of the pack (clockwise) when executing a block.No impact/No penalty6.6.1 Incidental contact from skater getting spun around as a result of another block.6.6.2 A clockwise block that does not force the opponent to adjust her skating stance orrelative position in any way.Minor Penalty6.6.3 If the illegal block affects a skater but does not cause harm or does not cause a skater tofall and does not adversely affect the game.Major Penalty6.6.4 If the illegal block causes harm, causes a skater to fall, or has a measurableconsequence for the game.<number>
• #50: 6.7 MULTIPLE-PLAYER BLOCKS6.7.1 Skaters may not grab and hold each other’s uniform or equipment in a multi-player block.6.7.2 Skaters may not use their hands, arms, or legs in any grabbing, holding, linking, or joiningfashion in a multi-player block.6.7.3 Touching and assisting teammates that does not create a wall to impede an opponent isnot a multi-player block.No impact/No penalty6.7.4 Temporarily grabbing a teammate’s clothing, equipment, or body part to push or pull,thereby adjusting the player’s speed or the teammate’s speed.6.7.5 Touching, but not grabbing and/or holding, a teammate while blocking.Minor Penalty6.7.6 Maintaining a multi-player block to impede an opponent for less than three seconds butNOT causing her to fall or lose her relative position.Major Penalty6.7.7 Maintaining a multi-player block to impede an opponent, causing her to fall or lose herrelative position.6.7.8 Maintaining a multi-player block to impede an opponent for more than three seconds butnot necessarily causing her to fall or lose her relative position.<number>
• #51: 6.8 CUTTING THE TRACKA skater that is in bounds need not yield the right of way to an out of bounds skater. Skaters thatare out of bounds must find an entrance back in bounds that does not require in bounds skatersto move. When out of bounds, skaters must re-enter the track without bettering their position inrelation to other skaters. Out of bounds players are subject to skating out of bounds penaltieseven if they do not cut the track (See Section 6.11).This section addresses penalties for cutting the track. Skaters must be upright and skating toreceive cutting the track penalties. See Section 6.9 for downed players re-entering and illegallyblocking and Section 6.10 for Tripping/Low Blocking.Downed players that have re-entered the track are subject to applicable cutting the trackpenalties when they return to an in bounds, upright and skating position. Downed skaters are notto be penalized with cutting the track penalties, but are still subject to low blocking and blockingfrom out of bounds penalties. Skaters cannot drop back while in-play in efforts to undo or avoidcutting the track penalties.6.8.1 Re-entering behind the initiator of the blockWhen sent out of bounds by a block, an opponent must re-enter the track withoutbettering her position in relation to other skaters. Re-entering the track from out ofbounds in front of the initiator of the block is improving your relative position, regardlessof who is in front when the block is executed. An in bounds skater who forces anopponent out of bounds earns and establishes superior position. A skater may not returnin bounds in front of the skater who blocked her out of bounds, except under the followingcircumstances where no penalty is to be issued:6.8.1.1 When the initiating skater is considered “in the box,” having been sent off thetrack for a penalty (see Section 7.3.2.2.1)6.8.1.2 When the initiating skater goes out of bounds at any time after the initiatingBlock6.8.1.3 When the initiating skater downs herself or falls at any time after the initiatingblock6.8.1.4 When the initiating skater exits the Engagement Zone at any time after theinitiating blockThe outcome and aftermath of a block are complete when the receiving skater has reestablishedcontrol of her own self on the track. If the receiving skater exits the trackafter the outcome and aftermath of a block, she is not required to re-enter behind theinitiator of the previous block. She is however, still subject to skating out of boundspenalties.6.8.2 Players straddling the track boundary linePlayers are straddling the track boundary line when they are simultaneously touchingboth inside and outside the track boundary line. Straddling players are subject to cuttingthe track penalties when they are in bounds, upright and skating. The boundary line isconsidered in bounds. Airborne players are not considered straddling skaters. SeeSection 6.9.9 for the in bounds/out of bounds status of airborne players.No Impact/No Penalty6.8.3 A skater who has re-entered the track in front of a downed, out of bounds, or out of playplayer is not bettering her position. However, such skaters are subject to cutting the trackpenalties for other in-play skaters and are still subject to skating out of bounds penalties.6.8.4 A skater who has re-entered the track in front of a player who is “in the box,” having beensent off the track for a penalty.6.8.5 A skater straddling the track boundary line who then completely exits the track,regardless of which, or how many, skaters she has passed while straddling.6.8.6 An out of bounds skater that steps one foot inside the track boundary to become astraddling skater and then steps back completely out of bounds, never removing her outof bounds contact with the floor.6.8.7 Any of the scenarios in Sections 6.8.1.1 – 6.8.1.4.Minor Penalties6.8.8 An in bounds, upright and skating player who has re-entered the track from out of boundsin front of one in-play skater.6.8.9 An upright player straddling the track boundary who passes one in-play player, and thenceases her out of bounds contact with the floor.Major Penalties6.8.10 An in bounds, upright and skating player who has re-entered the track from out of boundsin front of multiple in-play skaters.6.8.11 An in bounds, upright and skating player who has re-entered the track from out of boundsin front of the foremost in-play opposing Blocker.6.8.12 An upright player straddling the track boundary who passes multiple in-play skaters, andthen ceases her out of bounds contact with the floor.6.8.13 An upright player straddling the track boundary who pass<number>
• #52: 6.9 OUT OF BOUNDS BLOCKING:6.9.1 Skaters must be in bounds when initiating a block.6.9.2 Skaters may not pick up momentum for a block until in bounds.6.9.3 If a skater forces an opponent out of bounds while blocking, the initiating Blocker mustcease blocking before her own skates touch outside the track boundary. No part of theinitiating Blocker’s skate may touch the ground outside the track boundary.6.9.4 A skater who is in bounds need not yield right of way to the out of bounds skater.6.9.5 A skater may not initiate contact with an opponent who is completely outside the trackboundary.6.9.6 An in bounds skater may actively block or hit a returning skater when any part of thereturning skater's skate is touching any in bounds track territory. The returning playerhas crossed the track boundary but remains out of bounds by definition as long as anypart of her skates are still touching any out of bounds territory. However, by entering thetrack, she becomes a target and can be hit.6.9.7 A skater who is straddling the line may not engage, block, or assist because she has onefoot down outside the track boundary and is out of bounds by definition.6.9.8 A skater who is straddling the line may be hit by a player who is on the track, since thestraddling skater has one foot down inside the track boundary.6.9.9 If a player jumps and ceases all contact with the ground, her prior in bounds/out ofbounds status is maintained until contact with the ground re-establishes in bounds/out ofbounds status.6.9.10 Downed skaters re-entering the track are subject to blocking out of bounds penalties,even if the downed skater has fallen small.No Impact/No Penalty6.9.11 There is no penalty for blocking a skater who has jumped off both skates and left contactwith the track from in bounds.6.9.12 A skater initiating or continuing a block while hanging a skate or other body part over thetrack boundary, but not touching outside the track boundary, is not blocking from out ofbounds.6.9.13 A skater who re-enters the track from out-of bounds while down, without making contactto any opponents or forcing them to fall or lose relative position, is not blocking from outof bounds.Minor Penalty6.9.14 Any contact from out of bounds that does not cause the receiving opposing skater to fallor lose her relative position.6.9.15 Continuing a block after any part of the initiating Blocker is touching the ground outsidethe track boundary.6.9.16 Any contact with an opponent who is touching the track exclusively outside the trackboundary that does not affect the opposing skater’s ability to re-enter play.6.9.17 Any contact to opponents initiated by a downed skater re-entering the track from out ofbounds that does not force opposing in-play skaters to fall or lose relative position.Major Penalty6.9.18 Any contact or blocking from out of bounds that causes the receiving opposing skater tofall or lose her relative position.6.9.19 Continuing a block which causes the receiving skater to fall where there is continuedblocking contact past the point where any part of the initiating Blocker is touching out ofbounds.6.9.20 A downed skater re-entering the track from out of bounds who forces any opposing inplayskaters to fall or lose relative position.6.9.21 Any contact with an opponent who is touching the track exclusively outside the trackboundary that causes her to fall or affects the opposing skater’s ability to re-enter play.<number>
• #53: 6.10 TRIPPING AND LOW BLOCKINGSkaters may not trip or intentionally fall in front of another skater. Any contact which lands on anopponent’s feet or legs, below the legal target zone, that causes the skater to stumble or fall isconsidered tripping and/or low blocking. Downed skaters re-entering the track are subject totripping/low blocking penalties even on the first instance, and even if the downed skater has fallensmall.No Impact/No Penalty6.10.1 Contact between skates and wheels that is part of the normal skating motion.6.10.2 A skater who “falls small” in an effort to avoid tripping.Minor Penalty6.10.3 Any contact outside of the normal skating motion which lands below the legal target zonethat causes an opposing skater to stumble.6.10.4 Contact between skates and wheels that is not part of the normal skating motion thatcauses an opponent to stumble but not fall.6.10.5 A downed skater re-entering the track that causes an opposing skater to stumble.Major Penalty6.10.6 Any contact outside of the normal skating motion which lands below the legal target zonethat causes an opposing skater to fall.6.10.7 Flailing and sprawling skaters that trip an opponent, regardless of intent.6.10.8 Habitual contact, three or more times during the course of a bout, between skates andwheels that is part of the normal skating motion that causes an opposing skater tostumble or fall.6.10.9 A skater who habitually, three or more times during the course of a bout, falls in front ofopponents, causing them to lose relative position, even if she “falls small.”6.10.10 A downed skater re-entering the track that causes an opposing skater to fall or loserelative position.Expulsion6.10.11 Intentional tripping with feet or hands. Expulsions will be issued for a conscious attemptto trip an opponent, whether or not the action was successful.<number>
• #54: 6.11 SKATING OUT OF BOUNDSSkaters must remain in bounds. No part of the skater's skate(s) may touch the ground outside thetrack boundary. Skaters may not pick up momentum for a block until in bounds (see Section6.9.2).No Impact/No Penalty6.11.1 Being forced out of bounds by an opponent's block.6.11.2 Skating out of bounds as the result of a missed or successful block. (Blocking out ofbounds criteria still apply; see Section 6.9.)6.11.3 Maintaining or increasing speed while skating to and from the penalty box.Minor Penalty6.11.4 Skating out of bounds in an attempt to avoid a block.6.11.5 Skating out of bounds to maintain or increase speed.Major Penalty6.11.6 Skating across the track infield in a manner which substantially cuts short the lapdistance. It is not necessary to pass an in bounds skater to commit a ‘skating out ofbounds’ major penalty.<number>
• #55: 6.12 ILLEGAL PROCEDURESTechnical infractions that give the offending team an advantage but do not directly impact aspecific opponent.No Impact/No Penalty6.12.1 A Blocker who is on the track, between the Jammer and Pivot lines, skating into herposition when the first whistle blows.6.12.2 Assisting a downed teammate within the Engagement Zone.6.12.3 A skater exiting the penalty box before her penalty time finishes because she wasincorrectly instructed to do so by the penalty box official. The skater must return to thebox and finish her penalty.Minor Penalties.6.12.4 False start–A Jammer or Blocker who false starts must yield advantage.6.12.4.1 A Jammer false starts for being out of position at the Jammer starting whistlewhen she is touching beyond the Jammer line.6.12.4.2 A Non-Pivot Blocker false starts for being out of position at the pack startingwhistle when she:6.12.4.2.1 is touching beyond the Pivot line6.12.4.2.2 is touching behind the Jammer line6.12.4.2.3 lines up in front of a Pivot Blocker who is on the Pivot line6.12.4.3 A Pivot Blocker false starts for being out of position at the pack starting whistlewhen she:6.12.4.3.1 is touching beyond the Pivot line6.12.4.3.2 is touching behind the Jammer line6.12.5 Too many skaters on the track–skater is pulled without stopping the jam. (The penalty isissued to the pulled skater.)6.12.6 A Jammer attempting to call off a jam when she is not Lead Jammer, and the jam is notcalled off.6.12.7 A skater exiting the penalty box and re-entering the track in front of one pack skater.6.12.8 A skater, after being waived off of a full penalty box, re-entering the track in front of onepack skater.6.12.9 A skater, after addressing mid jam equipment malfunction, re-entering the track in front ofone pack skater.Major Penalties6.12.10 A false start by a Jammer or Blocker who does not yield advantage.6.12.11 Forcing a jam to be called off due to too many skaters on the track. (The Penalty isissued to the Pivot in that jam. If there is no Pivot in that jam the team Captain willreceive the penalty.)6.12.12 Improper uniform, jewelry, or skates6.12.13 A Jammer successfully calling off a jam when she is not Lead Jammer6.12.14 Violations of the Passing the Star procedures outlined in Section 3.5. The initiator of thestar pass receives the penalty for the illegal star pass.6.12.15 Illegally blocking a star pass.6.12.16 A skater exiting the penalty box and re-entering the track in front of more than one packskater.6.12.17 A skater, after being waived off of a full penalty box, re-entering the track in front of morethan one pack skater.6.12.18 A skater, after addressing mid jam equipment malfunction, re-entering the track in front ofmore than one pack skater.6.12.19 A skater exiting the penalty box before her penalty time finishes. (Note: If the penalty boxofficial instructs the skater to leave early, this penalty does not apply.)6.12.20 Too many skaters and/or team support staff in the designated team area. The penalty isissued to the team Captain.6.12.21 Removing required safety equipment (see Section 10.1.1).<number>
• #56: 6.13 MISCONDUCT AND GROSS MISCONDUCTNo Impact/No Penalty6.13.1 Not ApplicableMinor Penalty6.13.2 Not ApplicableMajor Penalty (Misconduct)6.13.3 Initiating contact with both skates off of the ground. Jumping and leaping contact isunsafe for the initiator and the receiver.6.13.4 Executing a block on an opponent who is down.6.13.5 Any block with initial contact landing above the shoulders.6.13.6 The use of obscene, profane, or abusive language or gestures directed at an official,mascot, or audience member.6.13.7 The excessive use of obscene, profane, or abusive language or gestures directed at anopposing player, manager, or coach.Expulsion (Gross Misconduct)6.13.8 Gross misconduct is defined as an indiscretion so serious that it justifies the instantexpulsion of a skater, even on the first occurrence.6.13.9 Illegal interference in game-play by skaters not involved in the jam6.13.10 The repeated use of obscene, profane, or abusive language or gestures directed at anofficial, mascot, or audience member.6.13.11 The repetitive and excessive use of obscene, profane, or abusive language or gesturesdirected at an opposing player, manager, or coach.6.13.12 Intentional tripping with feet or hands. Expulsions will be issued for a conscious attemptto trip an opponent, whether or not the action was successful.<number>
• #57: 6.14 INSUBORDINATIONInsubordination is willfully failing to comply with a referee’s orders. Examples of insubordinationinclude but are not limited to failure to leave the track for a penalty or failure to leave the floor foran ejection.No Impact/No Penalty6.14.1 Intentionally committing an illegal procedure is not insubordination and should not bepenalized as such.Minor Penalty6.14.2 Not ApplicableMajor Penalty6.14.3 Willfully failing to leave the track for a penalty.Expulsion6.14.4 Willfully failing to leave the floor for an ejection.6.14.5 Deliberate and excessive insubordination to a referee.<number>
• #58: 6.15 FIGHTINGFighting is an automatic expulsion for all participants and may result in a suspension (see Section7.5.2). A fight is defined as a physical struggle that is not part of regular game play. A skater thatonly defends blows and does not engage in the fight will not be penalized.No Impact/No Penalty6.15.1 Not ApplicableMinor Penalty6.15.2 Not ApplicableMajor Penalty6.15.3 Not ApplicableExpulsion or SuspensionThe following egregious acts will be automatic game expulsion, even if not during a fight, and canbe punished as multi-game suspensions (see Section 7.5.2.2). Expulsions will be issued for aconscious attempt to commit any of the following egregious acts, whether or not the attempt wassuccessful. (e.g. A swing-and-a-miss).6.15.4 Intentional, negligent, or reckless contact above the shoulders6.15.5 Punching another skater6.15.6 Pulling of the head, neck, or helmet6.15.7 Choking by helmet straps6.15.8 Any contact with the head of a player not wearing a helmet6.15.9 Kicking another skater6.15.10 Intentional tripping with feet or hands6.15.11 Biting6.15.12 Jumping onto or into a pile of fighting skaters (\"dog pile\")6.15.13 Slide Tackling an opponent6.15.14 Holding or pinning another skater to the ground6.15.15 Serious physical violence or any action deemed by the officials to cause an extraordinaryphysical threat.<number>
• #59: 7 PENALTY ENFORCEMENT7.1 Minor Penalties7.1.1 Referees assess minor penalties to skaters based on their involvement in an infraction.When a minor penalty is assessed:7.1.1.1 Referees will communicate the minor to the skater by hand signal and verballycalling out the penalty to the skater. The fourth minor is signaled with awhistle.7.1.1.2 When a skater has earned four minor penalties, that skater will be sent to thepenalty box. A skater who commits any four minor penalties must serve oneminute at the time the 4th minor is assessed/communicated, according to theprocedures defined in Section 7.3. Minor penalties carry over into the followingperiod. They are not “reset” between periods.7.1.2 If no one player can be singled out to receive the penalty. It will go to the active Pivot, ifthere is no Pivot, it will go to the Team Captain.<number>
• #60: 7.2 Major Penalties7.2.1 When a skater has earned a major penalty, that skater will be sent to the penalty box.Her team must play short, without the skater and the position she was playing, until thepenalty has expired. See Section 7.3.2.7.2.2 Major penalties expire after one minute served in the penalty box.7.2.3 If an illegal procedure gives an unfair advantage, the referee will assess a penalty andmay stop the jam if the offending team fails to yield the advantage immediately.7.2.4 If no one player can be singled out to receive the penalty, it will go to the active Pivot. Ifthere is no Pivot it will go to the Team Captain.<number>
• #61: 7.3 Penalty Enforcement Procedures7.3.1 SubstitutionsNo substitutions are allowed if a penalty carries over to the next jam. The offendingplayer must continue to serve her penalty time. The penalized team skates short until thepenalty time expires and the penalized skater re-enters the track.7.3.1.1 Penalized players must be substituted in the case of an ejection, expulsion, orinjury. See Section 7.5.1, 7.5.4 and 10.3.1 respectively. These substitutionsmay only take place between jams. An ejected player is not permitted to returnto play and her team must skate a player short for the remainder of the jam(see Section 7.5.1.1).7.3.2 When a skater is sent to the penalty box, she must immediately exit the track and skateto the penalty box in the counter-clockwise direction.7.3.2.1 Penalty timing will not begin until the penalized player legally enters the penaltybox from the appropriate counter-clockwise direction.7.3.2.2 No team may have more than two Blockers and one Jammer in the penalty boxat a time. If a team has more than two penalized Blockers, the penalties will beserved consecutively, i.e. the third Blocker will sit out once the first Blocker hasserved her penalty. (This may require the third Blocker to serve her penalty inthe next jam.) The third penalized Blocker will be asked to return to the jamaccording to Section 7.3.2.3.7.3.2.2.1 The moment the penalized player is directed off the track, she isconsidered “in the box” for scoring, Lead Jammer, and cutting thetrack rule purposes (See Section 3.4.2.2). However, her penaltytime will not start until she is seated in the box.7.3.2.2.2 In order to form a pack, a team must have at least one Blocker onthe track at all times. If there is only one Blocker from a giventeam, that player will not be sent to the penalty box -- even if thepenalty box cap has not been reached until another Blockerreturns to the track.7.3.2.2.2.1 The penalized player should be sent to the box assoon as there is room in the box, provided anotherBlocker from her team is on the track.7.3.2.3 If there are already two Blockers in the box from the penalized Blocker’s team,the 3rd Blocker will be waved off by the penalty timer. If there are less than tenseconds left on penalties currently being served, the penalty timer should holdthe 3rd Blocker in the box and start timing the penalty. If the skater is waved offshe must return to the track as described in Section 7.3.4. A Jammer cannever be waved off from the penalty box.7.3.3 The penalty clock starts when the skater is seated in the penalty box (with exceptionsnoted in Section 7.3.2.3). The penalty clock only runs when the jam clock is running. If apenalty spans multiple jams, the penalty clock will stop between jams.7.3.3.1 When there are ten (10) seconds remaining on the penalty clock of a penalizedskater, she will be instructed by the penalty timer to stand. She must stand.7.3.4 After serving one minute in the penalty box, a penalized skater may re-enter the track.She must enter the pack from the back.7.3.4.1 A Jammer re-entering play from the penalty box during the same jam mayscore immediately upon re-entering if she was pulled from the jam after havingcompleted her first pass through the pack.7.3.4.2 If a Jammer is partially through a scoring pass when she is sent to the penaltybox, she retains all of the points that she scored in the partial pass. When shere-enters the track, she has the opportunity to complete the pass, only earningpoints for players that she had not yet passed.7.3.4.3 A skater may re-enter the track in front of opposing skaters that are out of play.If a Jammer is eligible to score (having completed her initial pass prior to beingsent to the penalty box), she will immediately earn points for passing out ofplay Blockers that are behind her upon re-entry.7.3.4.4 If a Jammer begins the jam in the box and her penalty time expires after thefirst whistle blows, but before the Jammer whistle blows, the Jammer comingout of the penalty box must enter behind the opposing Jammer.<number>
• #62: 7.4 Both Jammers Penalized/Both Jammers Off The TrackConcurrent Jammer penalties shorten the penalty time of both Jammers. Both Jammers willserve the same exact amount of time before they are each allowed back into play. When thesecond Jammer is seated in the penalty box, the first Jammer, who has already been serving hertime, is released back into play by the penalty box official. The exact amount of time the firstJammer served before she was released will be the exact amount of time the second Jammer willserve before she is released back into play. (rule 7.4.4 is still applicable)Example: Jammer A has served 45 seconds when Jammer B is seated in the penalty box.Jammer A is released from the penalty box and Jammer B begins to serve 45 seconds. Theactual time both Jammers serve will always be equal with the only exception being the end of thegame as the final jam is whistled dead.7.4.1 If the first penalized Jammer is sent back to the box after being released from the penaltybox while the second penalized Jammer is still serving her required time, the game willcontinue without a Jammer on the track for the duration of any penalty time that isrequired to be served.7.4.1.1 If the jam clock expires with both Jammers in the box serving their requiredtime, a new jam will begin without Jammers on the Jammer line. BothJammers will return to play following completion of any required penalty time.They cannot enter the jam until the Jammer starting whistle.7.4.2 If both Jammers are seated in the box at the same exact moment, both Jammers willserve ten (10) seconds before they are simultaneously released back into play by thepenalty box official. In all other cases no minimum time to serve will be required.7.4.3 If any jam ends with one Jammer in the box and the second Jammer on her way to thebox after being sent off the track, the penalty time for the Jammer that is already in thebox will end with the jam ending whistle. She will start the new jam from the penalty boxas her team’s Jammer, and will be allowed to re-enter play behind the pack after thesecond whistle in the new jam. The second Jammer will begin the new jam in the box toserve her required time.7.4.3.1 A team may not make a substitution for either Jammer.7.4.4 If a penalized Jammer exits the penalty box before she is officially dismissed by anofficial, she will be required to return to the box and serve any unserved time, no matterhow small. Per Section 6.12.20 she will also be assessed a major penalty.7.4.5 If one team’s Jammer does not make it on to the track in time to participate in the jamand during the course of that jam the opposing team’s Jammer is sent off for a penalty,the jam will be whistled dead when the penalized Jammer is seated in the penalty box.She will begin the new jam in the box, and the team that did not field a Jammer in theprevious jam will be allowed to field a Jammer in the new jam.7.4.5.1 In the new jam, player substitutions from the bench are allowed, with theexception of the penalized jammer.7.4.6 With one Jammer already in the box, if the opposing team’s Jammer removes herselffrom the jam due to an injury, equipment failure, or because she has decided to quit, thejam will be whistled dead after it has been determined by the referee that she will notagain be re-entering play. A new jam will be started with the penalized Jammer still in thebox serving the remainder of her required penalty time, and the opposing team fielding anew Jammer.7.4.6.1 In the new jam, player substitutions from the bench are allowed, with theexception of an injured jammer, who must now sit for either 3 jams (per Section10.3.1), or the remainder of the period (per Section 10.3.1.1).7.4.7 If the first penalized Jammer has been ejected from the period or expelled from thegame, when the second penalized Jammer is seated in the box the jam will be whistleddead. The first penalized Jammer’s team will field a new Jammer in the new jam, and thesecond Jammer will remain in the box at the start of the new jam and she will serve anamount of time equal to the first.7.4.7.1 Players may be substituted in the new jam.7.4.8 When a penalized Jammer is serving more than one consecutive minute in the penaltybox, and the opposing Jammer arrives in the penalty box when the first penalizedJammer has more than a minute of penalty time remaining to serve, the arriving Jammerwill be released back into play by the penalty box official immediately after she has takenher seat in the penalty box. The remaining penalty time of the first Jammer is reduced byone minute.7.4.8.1 If the opposing Jammer arrives during the timing of the final minute of the firstpenalized Jammer’s consecutive penalty minutes, normal rules apply to thesecond penalized Jammer (see Section 7.4).<number>
• #63: 7.5 Expulsion and Fouling Out7.5.1 Fouling Out/Ejection7.5.1.1 Skaters who are sent to the box for an excessive amount of combined majorand minor offenses will be ejected for the remainder of the period. All majorand minor offenses count, not just repetitions of the same offense or family ofoffenses.7.5.1.1.1 A player is ejected from the period for five penalty turns in thepenalty box in that period.7.5.1.1.2 If a penalty spans two periods, it should be included in thecombined period total for the period in which the penalty timerbegins timing the penalty.7.5.1.2 When a skater fouls out of a game, the ejection applies to the current periodonly. It does not carry over to subsequent periods or games. The ejectedskater must immediately leave the track and return to the locker room orstaging area. She may not remain on the floor with her team or in an areawhere she can interfere with skaters on the track. Another player from her teammust serve any applicable penalty time; this substitute must serve in the sameposition (Pivot, Blocker or Jammer) as the ejected skater. Substitutions forejected players cannot happen during an in-progress jam. The ejected playeris not permitted to return to play and her team must skate a player short for theremainder of the jam (see Section 7.1.1).7.5.2 Expulsion and Suspension7.5.2.1 A skater may be expelled from the bout at the Head Referee’s discretion forserious physical violence or any action deemed by the officials to cause anextraordinary physical threat to others.7.5.2.2 Depending on the severity of the incident, an expulsion may result in the playerbeing suspended from their next game.7.5.2.3 Insubordination can be grounds for expulsion, but it will not cause a player tobe suspended. Any intentional contact with a referee is grounds forsuspension.7.5.2.4 If a skater is expelled from a game during a tournament, she may not bereplaced by a sub from her team roster during the in-progress game. Unlesssuspended (see Section 7.5.2.2) she is allowed to play in the next game in thetournament.7.5.2.5 Coaches and managers are held to the same standard of sportsmanlikebehavior as players. If a coach or manager is expelled, that team’s Captain willserve a one minute penalty. However that penalty does not count towards theplayer’s penalty cap in Section 7.5.1.7.5.3 Referees do not need to meet with the team Captain prior to expelling a player from thegame. However, any suspensions must be recommended by the Head Referee andsigned off by team Captains prior to collecting signatures on the IBRF at the end of thegame.7.5.4 The expelled skater must immediately leave the track and return to the locker room orstaging area. She may not remain on the floor with her team or in an area where she caninterfere with skaters on the track. Another player from her team must serve the majorpenalty. This substitute must serve the penalty in the same position (Pivot, Blocker orJammer) as the expelled skater. Her team must skate a player short while the penalty isbeing served.<number>
• #64: 8.1 Only skaters wearing the designated Jammer's star helmet cover with visible stars are eligible toaccrue points.8.2 Jammers do not score on their first pass (A.K.A. initial pass) through the pack.8.3 After clearing the pack and completing her initial (first) pass, Jammers score points by passingskaters on their second and each subsequent pass. These are considered “scoring passes.”Jammers can score a maximum of one point per Blocker per scoring pass through the pack. Inorder to receive a point for passing an opponent the Jammer must:8.3.1 Pass opposing skaters in bounds, legally, without committing penalties.8.3.1.1 Any legal pass counts. If a Jammer becomes ineligible for a point bycommitting an illegal action or passing while out of bounds, she is allowed anopportunity to re-pass and score the point.8.3.1.2 Once the Jammer has cleared the foremost pack skater by 20 feet, her scoringpass is complete. (See Section 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 for Lead Jammer details andSection 4 for pack definition.)8.3.2 Pass the opposing Blocker’s hips.8.4 The Jammer earns a point for each opposing skater who is not on the track immediately uponscoring her first point on an opposing blocker. If the jam ends before the Jammer scores, theadditional points will not be awarded. The following are such circumstances when the Jammer willearn points in this manner:8.4.1 Opponents in the penalty box. (The moment a penalized player is directed off the trackshe is considered “in the box” for scoring purposes.)8.4.2 Opponents who have failed to be on the track when the Jam starting whistle blows.8.4.3 Opponents who have removed themselves from play.8.4.4 Opponents sent to the penalty box that have not yet been scored upon in that scoringpass.8.4.5 Opponents returning from the penalty box behind the Jammer.8.4.5.1 Standard scoring rules and requirements apply to opponents returning from thepenalty box who skate ahead of the Jammer before the Jammer is able to earnher first point in that scoring pass.8.4.6 Points for opponents who have not yet been scored upon in an incomplete scoring passby a penalized Jammer, who themselves are penalized while the Jammer is servingpenalty time, will be awarded to the penalized Jammer upon her legal in bounds re-entryonto the track in the same jam. If the jam ends before the Jammer legally re-enters thetrack in bounds, points for those opponents will not be awarded.<number>
• #65: (click) to show referee signal for GRAND SLAM8.5 Points8.5.1 Points are earned when the Jammer passes each opposing skater, including those whohave been knocked to the floor or are out of play.8.5.2 Points are announced, verbally and by hand signal, once the Jammer has cleared thepack.8.5.3 If the jam ends when the Jammer is still in the pack, the points for any passed opponentswill be announced immediately.8.5.3.1 The Jammer will also be awarded points for Blockers on the track and ahead ofthe Engagement Zone if said Blockers were not previously scored on duringthat scoring pass.8.5.4 Once a Jammer earns a point that point can never be taken away. (Note: this does notapply to Points Awarded in Error.)8.5.4.1 Points Awarded in Error are points that have not been legally earned by aJammer and have been awarded to her and her team incorrectly and/orerroneously by a referee, an official, or as the result of a technologymalfunction.8.5.5 When the Jammer finishes serving a penalty she continues her scoring pass exactlywhere she left off. For example: If the Jammer has scored on opposing Blockers A and Bwhen sent to the penalty box, she retains those points. When the penalty finishes in thesame jam, the Jammer remains on the same scoring pass and can only score onopposing Blockers C and D. (See Section 3.4.1 for Lead Jammer details.)8.5.5.1 A Jammer exiting the penalty box will still be on the same pass she was onwhen she was penalized, even if all points for a pass have been awarded.8.5.5.2 When the Jammer’s penalty spans into the next jam she starts all of herpasses over. Her points are announced at the end of the one jam and in thenext jam she begins her initial pass when leaving the penalty box.8.5.6 Grand Slam: If one Jammer completely laps the opposing Jammer, she will score anadditional point each time she fully laps her.8.5.7 At the end of the jam the Jammer will score on Blockers ahead of the Engagement Zonewho were not previously scored upon during that scoring pass.8.5.8 Points are earned until the 4th whistle of the jam ending signal.8.5.9 In order to earn points for passing while airborne, the Jammer must maintain in boundsstatus after landing. See Section 6.9 Out of Bounds Blocking.8.5.10 Jammers cannot accrue points while in the penalty box.<number>
• #66: 9.1 Staffing9.1.1 Each bout will have no less than three skating referees and no more than seven refereestotal. It is strongly encouraged that at least one referee be WFTDA Certified.9.1.1.1 In tournament play each bout must have at least one WFTDA CertifiedReferee.9.1.2 One referee is designated Head referee; the Head referee is the ultimate authority in thegame. The Head referee will assign positions and duties to the other referees and nonskatingofficials.9.1.3 Jammer referees: Two referees are responsible for observing Jammers, one per team.9.1.3.1 Jammer referees wear an identifier (wrist band, sash, helmet cover, etc.)corresponding to team colors to indicate the team for which the referee isresponsible.9.1.3.2 At the end of a period, the Jammer referees switch the team they areresponsible for and the identifier corresponding to each team.9.1.4 Pack referees: The remaining referees observe the pack. The primary responsibility forPack referees is to call penalties. Pack referee assignments and specifics regardingPack referee positioning can be found in the WFTDA Referee and Officiating BestPractices document.9.1.4.1 Inside Positioned Pack Referees9.1.4.1.1 No more than two Pack referees should be stationed inside thetrack.9.1.4.1.2 Pack referees stationed inside the track must be on skates.9.1.4.2 Outside Positioned Pack Referees9.1.4.2.1 Pack referees stationed outside the track may be on skates.9.1.4.2.2 Only referees who are on skates may enter the track to remove askater for penalty.9.1.4.2.3 If referees are not on skates they should be stationary.9.1.5 Non-Skating Officials9.1.5.1 Scorekeepers: A game will have at least one scorekeeper. The scorekeeperrecords the points reported by the Jammer referees and keeps the officialscore.9.1.5.2 Penalty Trackers: A game will have at least one penalty tracker. The penaltytracker records the penalties reported by referees and keeps track of theofficial penalty tally.9.1.5.3 Penalty Timing Officials: A game will have at least two officials to oversee thepenalty box. The penalty timing officials time penalties and assist referees inensuring a team skates short when they ought.9.1.5.4 Scoreboard Operator: A game will have one scoreboard operator. Thescoreboard operator posts the score from the scorekeeper and the penaltiesfrom the penalty tracker.9.1.5.5 Jam Timer: A game will have one jam timer. The jam timer is responsible forstarting jams and for timing 30 seconds between jams. The jam timer is alsoresponsible for ending jams that run the full two minutes.<number>
• #67: Image 1 – too many skaters on trackImage 2 – lead jammerImage 3 – signaling score (in this case – no score)9.2 Duties9.2.1 Assessing team readiness for each jam9.2.1.1 The referees are responsible for determining that both teams have the correctnumber of skaters in the jam, taking into account skaters in the penalty box.(See Section 2.4.4 for details on starting with too few skaters.)9.2.1.1.1 If the jam starts with too many skaters, the referees should try topull the last Blocker who entered the floor; if that skater cannot beidentified, the Blocker that is closest to the referees can be pulledoff of the floor. The team should be penalized according to Section6.12.5.9.2.1.1.2 If the jam starts with too many skaters and the extra skater cannotbe pulled, the ref should stop the jam. The team should bepenalized according to Section 6.12.12.9.2.1.1.3 Referees do not warn teams when too many skaters line up on thetrack.9.2.1.1.4 Referees do not warn players or teams when they line up out ofposition (e.g. Blockers lining up in front of the Pivot line).9.2.1.2 The referees will ensure that the players are wearing all required safetyequipment, the correct uniforms, and the correct player designations.9.2.1.3 The referees will determine that the skaters are in the proper formation.9.2.2 Signaling pack and Jammer starts9.2.2.1 The officials will whistle the start of the pack.9.2.2.2 The officials will whistle the start of the Jammers.9.2.3 Assigning and communicating Lead Jammer status9.2.3.1 The referees determine who has earned Lead Jammer status. Lead Jammerstatus is indicated by official hand signal, by blowing two short whistle blasts,and by pointing at the Lead Jammer and calling out “Lead Jammer.”9.2.3.2 The referee will continue pointing to the Lead Jammer for the duration of thejam.9.2.4 The Jammer referees are responsible for counting and signaling score according to theguidelines laid out in Section 8 Scoring. They must communicate this score after eachjam to the scorekeeper or scoreboard as per the WFTDA Referee and Officiating BestPractices document.9.2.5 Safety is the number one priority for Referees. Illegal game play that causes an unsafeenvironment is not to be tolerated. The referees are to assess and enforce penalties,ejections and expulsions as described in Section 6 Penalties and Section 7 PenaltyEnforcement Procedures. Referees will use their discretion and their decisions arebinding.9.2.5.1 Referees will use all officially designated hand signals as means to properlycommunicate to scorekeepers/penalty trackers, skaters, announcers and fellowreferees.9.2.5.2 Referees will:9.2.5.2.1 Whistle, hand signal and vocally call out all major penalties.9.2.5.2.2 Perform hand signals for all penalties.9.2.5.2.3 Vocally call out minor penalties.9.2.5.2.4 Exclusively use a player's team color and charter number forcalling penalties on that player.9.2.5.3 Referees will not:9.2.5.3.1 Use officiating numbers or other abbreviations or systems outsideof a player’s charter name and number and team color.9.2.6 A referee calls off a jam by four short whistle blasts.9.2.6.1 A referee may call off a jam for any of the following reasons:9.2.6.1.1 Referees call an Official Timeout9.2.6.1.2 Injury--Referees should only call off a jam in the case of a seriousinjury or an injury that could endanger another skater.9.2.6.1.3 Technical difficulty or mechanical malfunctions (including skatetrouble)9.2.6.1.4 In response to a major penalty9.2.6.1.5 Any player is unduly interfered with by spectators9.2.6.1.6 Emergency9.2.6.1.7 Disruption of the skating surface (debris or spills)9.2.6.1.8 Too many skaters on the track. After the jam has started refereesshould expeditiously pull any extra skaters so that the jam does nothave to be called off (See Section 9.2.6.2.6).9.2.6.2 A referee must call off a jam for any of the following reasons:9.2.6.2.1 Lead Jammer calls off the jam by repeatedly placing her hands onher hips.9.2.6.2.2 End of two minute jam clock or the end of the period’s final jam.9.2.6.2.3 An injury that is a safety hazard to continued game play.9.2.6.2.4 Fighting.9.2.6.2.5 Technical difficulty or mechanical malfunction (including skatetrouble) that is a safety hazard to continued play.9.2.6.2.6 Too many skaters on the track that gives that team a competitiveadvantage.9.2.7 Declaring a Forfeit9.2.7.1 The Head Referee may call a forfeit for the following reasons:9.2.7.1.1 A team has five or fewer un-injured rostered skaters remaining dueto expulsions.9.2.7.1.2 A team refuses to field skaters on the track to continue play.9.2.7.2 The Head Referee must call a forfeit for the following reasons:9.2.7.2.1 A team fails to show up to a WFTDA sanctioned bout ortournament. The Head Referee must make this decision inconjunction with WFTDA Game Committee Representatives.9.2.7.2.2 A team elects to forfeit rather than continue play.9.2.8 Referees may break up fights at their discretion and play will resume as quickly aspossible.9.2.9 Referees have the option of calling an Official Timeout if they feel that there is a situationthat would interfere with safety of the skaters or crowd, or that would interfere with propergame play.9.2.10 In the event that there is a disagreement regarding a referee’s call or scoring, only theCaptains or their Designated Alternates may discuss the ruling with the referees. Skaters,coaches or managers may act as Designated Alternates.9.2.11 Official Review: A team request for a review of a referee decision9.2.11.1 A team Captain or Designated Alternate requests an Official Review by askingthe Head Referee for a timeout.9.2.11.2 The Head Referee, in order to allow the Official Review, can grant a teamtimeout, take an Official Timeout (not charged to either team, see Section 2.6.4),or decide to wait until the end of the period. The Head Referee will never waituntil the end of the final period.9.2.11.3 During the Official Review, all referees will conference with both team Captains.9.2.11.4 The Captain requesting the review will explain the grievance.9.2.11.5 The Head referee will investigate the grievance with the other referees, andtogether determine merit.9.2.11.6 The Head Referee will announce a decision. This decision is final.9.2.12 A team may be granted up to one Official Review per period.9.2.13 Official Reviews must be requested before the following jam starts. Only the immediatelypreceding jam is subject to Official Review.<number>
• #68: 9.3 Referee Discretion9.3.1 The consensus of the referees will be the final decision on any disputed point that is notclearly spelled out in these rules. The referee may increase the severity of a penalty athis or her discretion (i.e. in response to potentially harmful game play, an illegal block thatnormally results in a minor foul could be called as a major foul). Similarly, the referee maydecrease the severity of a penalty to a warning as s/he sees fit.9.3.1.1 Issuing penalties takes priority over issuing warnings. A warning does not haveto be issued in order for a penalty to be given. Issuing penalties is always thepriority over issuing a warning of any sort.9.3.1.2 Referee discretion is intended ONLY to allow referees to keep the game safe,fair, and consistent in the event that an unexpected situation arises. Discretiondoes not allow referees to change rules.9.3.2 If the referee is in doubt on a call, i.e. she/he sees the effects of a hit but does not see theaction, she/he should not call a penalty.9.3.3 If the referee is in a position where “intent” must be inferred but is not clear, she/heshould assume legal intent.9.3.4 If the referee is not sure whether an action warrants a major or a minor, it should becalled a minor.<number>
• #69: 9.4 Required Equipment9.4.1 Referees are permitted to wear inline skates, but are strongly encouraged to wear quadskates.9.4.2 Referees must be uniformed in a manner that makes them easily identifiable as theofficials for the bout, e.g. a black and white striped shirt.9.4.2.1 Non-Skating Officials are strongly encouraged to dress in an un-obtrusiveuniform differentiating themselves from Referees.9.4.3 Each referee participating in a bout must visibly display his/her name on the back of hisor her jersey.9.4.4 Each referee will provide a working regulated sports whistle that will aid in the appropriatewhistles for jam play and calling penalties. Fox 40 Classic strongly encouraged.9.4.5 Safety Gear: referees are required to wear the following safety equipment with hardprotective shells or inserts, in addition to that which is required as a minimum by theliability insurer:9.4.5.1 Helmet9.4.5.2 Knee Pads9.4.5.3 Wrist Guards9.4.5.4 Elbow Pads<number>
• #70: 10 SAFETY10.1 Protective Gear10.1.1 Protective gear must be worn while skating in a jam, including to and from the penaltybox. Failure to wear required protective gear or removal of protective gear, such as amouth guard, will result in a penalty (see Section 6.12.22).10.1.2 Protective gear shall include, at a minimum: wrist guards, elbow pads, knee pads, mouthguards, and helmets.10.1.2.1 Wrist guards, elbow pads, knee pads and helmets must have a hard protectiveshell or inserts.10.1.2.2 Skaters are strongly encouraged to secure or tape down loose Velcro on pads.10.1.3 Optional protective gear such as padded shorts, chin guards, form fitting face shieldssuch as nose guards, shin guards, knee or ankle support, turtle shell bras, and tailboneprotectors may be worn at the skaters’ discretion as long as they do not impair orinterfere with the safety or play of other skaters, support staff, or officials.10.1.3.1 Chin guards, form fitting shields such as nose guards, turtle shell bras, tailboneprotectors and shin guards may have a hard protective shell. No other optionalprotective gear may have hard protective shells.10.1.3.2 Non-form fitting face shields such as hockey style full face shields, half faceshields or face cages are strictly prohibited<number>
• #71: 10.2 Safety Personnel10.2.1 The home team must provide at least two licensed or certified medical professionals withexpertise in emergency and urgent medical care. These medical professionals willsupply the necessary equipment and supplies to handle such injuries or conditions as canbe reasonably expected to occur at a roller derby bout. The medical professionals will bepresent during the entire warm up and game.10.2.2 Team Captains are responsible for supplying medical personnel with their skaters’medical and/or emergency contact information as necessary.<number>
• #72: 10.3 Injured Skaters10.3.1 If a skater sustains an injury serious enough that the referees call off the jam the skatermust sit out the next three jams.10.3.1.1 If more than one jam is called off for the same player, she must sit out of theremainder of the period.10.3.2 If a skater is bleeding, she may not participate in a bout until the bleeding has stopped.10.3.3 If a skater removes herself or is removed from a jam during play for equipment issues,she may re-enter the jam once the issue has been resolved. If she removes herself or isremoved for injury or any other reason, she may not re-enter the jam.10.3.3.1 A skater who removes herself from the track due to equipment issues must reenterthe pack from the back and is subject to penalties per Section 6.12, IllegalProcedures.10.3.4 Skaters who are injured prior to the bout may play if they have received clearance fromtheir doctor.10.3.4.1 A Skater may not wear an appliance, cast, or<number>
• #73: 10.4 Impaired Skaters10.4.1 Skaters may not participate in a bout while under the influence of alcohol, narcotics, orillegal drugs.10.4.2 Skaters may not consume alcohol at bouts while wearing skates.<number>