What are your Programming Language's Energy-Delay Implications?
- 1. What Are Your Programming Language’s Energy-Delay Implications? Mining Software Repositories 2018 Gothenburg, Sweden Stefanos Maria Panos Diomidis Georgiou Kechagia Louridas Spinellis
- 3. Motivation 3
- 4. Research Gap 4 Existing Work • Energy/Performance investigation • Examination of running applications • Experiments on a single platform Ours • Energy Delay Product measurements • Comparison of 14 languages • Analysis of small programming tasks • Experiments on 3 platforms
- 6. Research Questions 6 RQ1: Which programming languages are the most EDP efficient and inefficient for particular task? RQ2: Which type of programming languages are, on average, more EDP efficient and inefficient for each of our selected platforms? RQ3: How much does the EDP of each programming language differ among the selected platforms?
- 7. Programming Languages • Monthly index rating based on languages popularity • Data retrieved from 25 search engines using search query • Programming Languages criteria: 1. The least, 5000 hits on Google 2. Turing complete 3. Wikipedia page 7
- 8. Selected Programming Languages Categories Programming Compilers & Interpreters Optimization Languages Embedded Laptop Server Flags Compiled C 6.3.0 6.4.1 6.4.1 -O3 C++ 6.3.0 6.4.1 6.4.1 -O3 Go 1.4.3 1.7.6 1.7.6 -- Rust 1.20.0 1.18.0 1.21.0 -O Swift 3.1.1 3.0.2 3.0.2 -O Semi-Compiled C# 4.6.2 4.6.2 4.6.2 -optimize+ VB.NET 4.6.2 4.6.2 4.6.2 -optimize+ Java 1.8.0 1.8.0 1.8.0 -- Interpreted JavaScript 9.0.4 8.9.3 8.9.3 -- Perl 5.24.1 5.24.1 5.24.1 -- PHP 5.6.30 7.0.25 7.0.25 -- Python 2.7.23 2.7.13 2.7.13 -- R 3.3.3 3.4.2 3.4.2 -- Ruby 2.4.2 2.4.1 2.4.1 -- 8
- 10. Data Set Categories Tasks Arithmetic exponentiation-operator and numerical-integration Compression huffman-coding and lzw-compression Concurrent concurrency-computing and synchronous-concurrency Data structures array-concatenation and json File handling file-input-output Recursion Factorial, ackermann-function and palindrome-detection Regular Expression regular expression Sorting algorithms selection, insertion, merge, bubble, and quick String manipulation url-encoding/decoding Object-Oriented inheritance single/multiple, class, and call-an-object-method Functional function-composition 10
- 11. Amendments ✓ Wrapped tasks in a loop (more than a sec.) ✓ Wrote from scratch missing implementations ✓ Removed multiple implementations of the same languages ✓ Made tasks execution loop dependent and added volatile variables ✓ 2000 approx. BASH script to manage data set 11
- 12. Automated Script for the experiment
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- 17. RQ1. Which programming languages are the most EDP efficient and inefficient for particular tasks? 17 Task categories Most efficient/inefficient Arithmetic C/R, VB.NET Compression C/VB.NET, Java Concurrent C/VB.NET, Perl File Handling Rust/VB.NET Regular Expressions JavaScript/Java Sorting Go/Swift, R Functional C++/Swift, Perl OpenMP + libco Sys Calls + I/O buffers V8 engine + RegEx Memory + Speed Meta-programming Computation speed
- 18. Possible Applications 18 Task categories Most efficient/inefficient Arithmetic C/R, VB.NET Compression C/VB.NET, Java Concurrent C/VB.NET, Perl File Handling Rust/VB.NET, Swift Regular Expressions JavaScript/Java Sorting Go/Swift, R Functional C++/Swift, Perl Task categories Most efficient/inefficient Arithmetic C/R, VB.NET Compression C/VB.NET, Java Concurrent C/VB.NET, Perl File Handling Rust/VB.NET, Swift Regular Expressions JavaScript/Java Sorting Go/Swift, R Functional C++/Swift, Perl Task categories Most efficient/inefficient Arithmetic C/R, VB.NET Compression C/VB.NET, Java Concurrent C/VB.NET, Perl File Handling Rust/VB.NET, Swift Regular Expressions JavaScript/Java Sorting Go/Swift, R Functional C++/Swift, Perl Task categories Most efficient/inefficient Arithmetic C/R, VB.NET Compression C/VB.NET, Java Concurrent C/VB.NET, Perl File Handling Rust/VB.NET, Swift Regular Expressions JavaScript/Java Sorting Go/Swift, R Functional C++/Swift, Perl
- 19. RQ2. Which types of programming languages are, on average, more EDP efficient and inefficient for each of the selected platforms? 19 Rank Embedded Laptop Server 1 C C C 2 C++ Go Go 3 Go C++ C++ 4 Rust JavaScript C# 5 JavaScript Rust JavaScript 6 C# C# Rust 7 VB.NET VB.NET VB.NET 8 PHP PHP PHP 9 Ruby Ruby Python 10 Python Swift Ruby 11 Perl Python Swift 12 Java Perl Perl 13 Swift Java Java 14 R R R
- 20. RQ3. How much does the EDP of each programming language differ among the selected platforms? • Hypothesis H0: A programming language’s average EDP, does not have a statistically important difference between the measurement platforms. 20 There is a significant difference between the average EDP, in some case, of the embedded and laptop platforms.
- 21. Conclusions • Proper selection of programming languages implementation offer EDP efficiency. • Compiled are more EDP efficient than semi-compiled and interpreted, in most of cases. • There is no statistical difference among the same implementations on different platforms. 21
- 22. Future work • More and more realistic test inputs • More categories e.g., networking • Different CPU clock frequencies 22
- 23. Take-aways • a customized and extended data set that can be used as a benchmark for similar studies • a set of tools for measuring the EDP of various programming languages and tasks • an empirical study on programming language EDP implications, • a programming language-based ranking catalogue, in the form of heat maps, where developers can find which programming language to pick for particular tasks Contact details: sgeorgiou@aueb.gr sgeorgiou@singularlogic.eu https://github.com/stefanos1316 Thank you!
- 24. References • https://mashable.com/2017/12/12/qualcomm-s napdragon-845-phone-innovations/ • http://emsys-design.com/data-centers.php • https://www.ziprecruiter.com/blog/software-de veloper-job-description-sample-template/ • http://www.lincoder.com/using-strace-to-trace- system-calls-and-signals-in-linux/ • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Npm_(software)
- 25. EDP how it works Consider the following case where we have applications A1 and A2. A1 has 2 seconds of execution time and 5 joules of energy consumption. A2 has 3 seconds of execution time and 2 joules of energy consumption. By increasing their weights (E x T^w where w = 1,2,3) we can see the following: w = 1: A1 2s 5j => 10 EDP A2 3s 2j => 6 EDP w = 2: A1 4s 5j => 20 EDP A2 9s 2j => 18 EDP w = 3: A1 8s 5j => 40 EDP A2 27s 2j => 54 EDP
- 26. Get ready, questions are coming!!!
- 27. Which are the different venues for measuring software’s energy consumption?
- 28. What are their pitfalls of each approach?