What is a MS Windows Network Drive
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A MS Windows network drive is a drive letter assigned locally to a shared network filespace resource on a LAN. This drive letter allows access to the shared filespace and makes it appear as a local drive, but it is only valid from the machine that mapped the drive letter and has no relevance outside the LAN. Other users on the network may have the same drive letter mapped to different filestores.
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What is a MS Windows Network Drive
- 1. What is a MS Windows network drive? Drive letters are only of relevance within a MS Windows environment, and has no relevance on other Operating Systems. In other words it's ONLY a MS way of assigning a disk resource. It is a drive letter assigned LOCALLY to a LAN filespace resource. This drive letter is only valid for use on the LAN and has NO relevance on WANs, including the Internet. If some disk space is made available to users, and the user has permission to access this resource, then on a MS Windows machine only, and assuming the correct network protocols are being used, then this disk space can be assigned to a drive letter.
- 3. dforbes on 'SATURN (nthomes.inf.brad.ac.uk)' is assigned to drive z: in this example the contents of 'dforbes' filespace on the server called 'SATURN' is assigned to a drive letter z:. So drive z: is only of relevance to 'dforbes' on his machine. Other users can also be using a drive z:, but their z: will contain completely different files from the 'dforbes' user filestore area. ... One drive letter ..... different filestores .... lots of confusion.
- 4. How is a filestore assigned to a drive letter? In 'Windows Explorer' , 'My Network Places', 'Entire Network', 'Microsoft Windows Network', available workgroups and domains on the LAN are viewable. If you are a registered user in a domain, you can enter and view resources, otherwise..... Assuming a workgroup or domain service is available.........open the command prompt.
- 5. To view all workgroups and domains on the LAN, type: c:> net view If a machine called, say, 'SATURN' is available to you, then connect in the following way. c:> net use k: SATURNWebSpace c:> net use z: SATURNdforbes The command completed successfully. SATURN is a Windows compatible NETBIOS name for the server, which is actually a Unix machine pretending to be a Windows server. The 'real' name of SATURN is 'nthomes.inf.brad.ac.uk' and 'saturn.inf.brad.ac.uk'. How can a Unix filestore 'pretend' to be a Windows filestore? The protocols used are called SMB or 'Server Message Blocks' which are an open standard. The information transfer using SMB looks the same on a Unix box running a SAMBA server, as on a Windows box running FileServer.
- 6. Internet Hacking Tools - Unix and Windows What must I understand completely to be a beginner? • telnet • ftp Use telnet to linux1.inf.brad.ac.uk telnet linux1.inf.brad.ac.uk
- 7. Tools to hack with • YoLinux: List of Linux Security and Hacker Software Tools http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxSecurityTools.html • Unix tools track hackers http://insight.zdnet.co.uk/hardware/servers/0,39020445,2123102,00.htm http://www.antihackertoolkit.com/tools.html • For DNS lookups use - 'dig' (domain information groper) or host -a 143.53.29.129 ns2.splice1.com or nslookup Note: nslookup is deprecated and may be removed from future releases. or http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/tools.html C:>nslookup 143.53.29.129 ns1.splice1.com Server: server4.splice1.com Address: 66.45.242.178 Name: d209.inf.brad.ac.uk Address: 143.53.29.129 C:>
- 8. Where is the site hosted? traceroute/tracert Is the site on-line? ping Is there a back door or way in? nmap How is the network routing configured? netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 143.53.28.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 127.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo default Skipton.cen.bra 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 How are the network cards configured? ifconfig/ipconfig satan - Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks
- 9. Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) http://www.icann.com/ www.internic.net: • The InterNIC® web site is a public information resource for Internet users worldwide. • It provides information on the domain-name system, the domain-name registration process, and domain-name registrars. • To access information regarding registered domains, please go to the Registry Whois.
- 10. • For Whois information about country-code (two-letter) top-level domains, try Uwhois.com. • http://www.whois.net/ • http://www.betterwhois.com/ • http://www.nic.uk/ • Nominet UK is the registry for .uk internet names. • Manages the authoritative database of .uk domain name registrations. • A not-for-profit company - has members instead of shareholders. • Nominet is officially recognised as the .uk domain name registry by the internet industry, users and the UK Government.
- 11. What Is a Mail Message? • A mail message generally consists of • a message body, which is the text of the message, • and special administrative data specifying recipients, transport medium, etc., as you see when you look at an envelope of a real letter.
- 12. A typical mail header may look like this: Return-Path: <ph10@cus.cam.ac.uk> Received: ursa.cus.cam.ac.uk (cusexim@ursa.cus.cam.ac.uk [131.111.8.6]) by al.animats.net (8.9.3/8.9.3/Debian 8.9.3-6) with ESMTP id WAA04654 for <terry@animats.net>; Sun, 30 Jan 2000 22:30:01 +1100 Received: from ph10 (helo=localhost) by ursa.cus.cam.ac.uk with local-smtp (Exim 3.13 #1) id 12EsYC-0001eF-00; Sun, 30 Jan 2000 11:29:52 +0000 Date: Sun, 30 Jan 2000 11:29:52 +0000 (GMT) From: Philip Hazel <ph10@cus.cam.ac.uk> Reply-To: Philip Hazel <ph10@cus.cam.ac.uk> To: Terry Dawson <terry@animats.net>, Andy Oram <andyo@oreilly.com> Subject: Electronic mail chapter In-Reply-To: <38921283.A58948F2@animats.net> Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.1000130111515.5800A-200000@ursa.cus.cam.ac.uk>
- 13. This list is a collection of common header fields From: This contains the sender's email address and possibly the “real name.” A complete zoo of formats is used here. To: This is a list of recipient email address e s. Multiple recipient address e s are separate d by a com m a. Cc: This is a list of email address e s that will receive “carbon copies” of the mess a g e. Multiple recipient address e s are separate d by a com m a. Bcc: This is a list of email address e s that will receive “carbon copies” of the mess a g e. The key differenc e betwe e n a “Cc:” and a “Bcc:” is that the address e s listed in a “Bcc:” will not appear in the header of the mail mess a g e s delivered to any recipient. It's a way of alerting recipients that you've sent copies of the messa g e to other people without telling them who those others are. Multiple recipient address e s are separate d by a com m a. Subject: Describe s the content of the mail in a few words. Reply-To: Specifies the address the sender wants the recipient's reply directed to. This may be useful if you have several accou nts, but want to receive the bulk of mail only on the one you use most freque ntly. This field is optional.
- 14. How Is Mail Delivered? • Generally, you will compose mail using a mailer interface like pine. • These programs are called mail user agents, or MU A s. If you send a mail mess a g e, the interface progra m will in most cases hand it to another progra m for delivery. This is called the mail transportagent, or MT A. On most syste m s the same MTA is used for both local and remote delivery and is usually invoke d as a progra m such as sendmail. • • Local delivery of mail is, of course, more than just appending the inco min g mess a g e to the recipient's mailbox. Usually, the local MT A understa n d s aliasing (setting up local recipient address e s pointing to other address e s) and forwardin g (redirecting a user's mail to some other destination). Also, mess a g e s that cannot be delivered must usually be bounced, that is, returne d to the sender along with some error mess a g e.
- 15. • Mail delivered over a network using TCP/IP, commonly uses Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). • SMTP was designed to deliver mail directly to a recipient's machine, negotiating the message transfer with the remote side's SMTP daemon. • Today it is common practice for organizations to establish special hosts that accept all mail for recipients in the organization and for that host to manage appropriate delivery to the intended recipient.
- 16. Email Addresses • Email addresses are made up of at least two parts. • One part is the name of a mail domain that will ultimately translate to either the recipient's host or some host that accepts mail on behalf of the recipient. • The other part is some form of unique user identification that may be the login name of that user, the real name of that user in “Firstname.Lastname” format, or an arbitrary alias that will be translated into a user or list of users. • Internet sites adhere to the RFC-822 standard, which requires the familiar notation of user@host.domain, for which host.domain is the host's fully qualified domain name. The character separating the two is properly called a “commercial at” sign, but it helps if you read it as “at.”
- 17. How Does Mail Routing Work? • The process of directing a message to the recipient's host is called routing . • Apart from finding a path from the sending site to the destination, it involves error checking and may involve speed and cost optimization.
- 18. Mail Routing on the Internet • On the Internet, the destination host's configuration determines whether any specific mail routing is performed. • The default is to deliver the message to the destination by first determining what host the message should be sent to, and then delivering it directly to that host. • Most Internet sites want to direct all inbound mail to a highly available mail server that is capable of handling all this traffic and have it distribute the mail locally. • The Mail Exchanger is a machine that states that it is willing to act as a mail forwarder for all mail addresses in the domain.
- 19. DOS - Disk Operating Systems DOS provides the prime means of interaction between the user and the computer hardware. The command interface (DOS prompt) converts keyboard commands into instructions understood by the machine hardware. Without DOS there is no means of interpreting input commands. The GUI "sits" on top of DOS and provides a graphical equivalent of keyboard commands. Windows - written by Microsoft for PC's. UNIX and UNIX clones, eg. Linux, Apple