Cardano is a blockchain platform and cryptocurrency created by Charles Hoskinson, designed for secure financial transactions and decentralized applications, utilizing a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism. It emphasizes scalability, interoperability, and sustainability, and differentiates itself from Ethereum through its economic model and planned roadmap of five developmental eras. Real-world applications include partnerships with educational institutions and product authentication for brands like New Balance, highlighting Cardano's potential for widespread adoption.