What language learners need to know
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This document discusses key aspects of language learning and teaching from an applied linguistics perspective. It covers theories of second language acquisition, the importance of communication in language teaching, characteristics of communicative language teaching, and conditions necessary for effective language learning, such as exposure to comprehensible input, production of output, and motivation. The goal is to help learners develop communicative competence and use English communicatively and effectively.
What language learners need to know
- 1. APPLIED LINGUISTICS: THE TEACHING PRACTICE WHAT LEARNERS NEED TO LEARN Applied Linguistics Montse Irun montse.irun@udl.cat
- 2. WHY DO PEOPLE WANT TO LEARN ENGLISH? (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 3. WHY DO PEOPLE WANT TO LEARN ENGLISH? Travel Work and business Music, film, arts and culture For a challenge It’s compulsory (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 4. HOW DO PEOPLE WANT TO LEARN ENGLISH? (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 5. SOME BELIEFS ABOUT LANGUAGE LEARNING (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 6. BASIC SLA THEORY Learners make hypotheses about how languages work. Parents tend to focus on meaning. High IQ learners are not more successful. Motivation is an asset. Early age is not a variable except for pronunciation. Errors are produced by overgeneralizations more than interference from L1. (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 7. BASIC SLA THEORY Language learning is not linear. Certain structures are acquired before others. Developmental errors are part of the learning process. Materials should be varied. Learners do not learn their mates’ mistakes. Learners learn things they haven’t been taught. (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 8. WHAT IS LEARNING A LANGUAGE? (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 9. WHAT DO LEARNERS NEED TO BE ABLE TO DO IN ENGLISH? (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 10. WHY COMMUNICATION? Language is a dynamic resource for the creation of meaning. Communication is our aim in foreign language teaching. (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 11. WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 12. IS THIS COMMUNICATION? (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 13. COMMUNICATION SKILLS (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 14. FEATURES OF COMMUNICATION 1.- Language is a means; only rarely is it also the end. 2.- In communication, there are no display questions. 3.- In communication, the teacher-role and the student-role are infrequent. 4.- Communication is purposeful and the purpose is seldom linguistic. 5.- Success is measured in the extent to which the purpose is efficiently fulfilled. (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 15. FEATURES OF COMMUNICATION 6.- Communication is embedded in a context and depends in part on that context (layout, visuals, gestures, etc.). 7.- Communication depends on presuppositions and predispositions. 8.- Conditions and means are never perfect but communication does not break for lack of a word, for noise, etc. 9.- In communication, no one specifies the structures to be used. (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 16. FEATURES OF COMMUNICATION 10.- In communication, no one explains the meaning of the words before using them. 11.- In spoken communication, there is a very wide range of accents and speeds, and there is a limit to which these can be simplified. 12.- Normal conversation does not stick to one topic but rather moves unpredictably from one thing to another. (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 17. COMPONENTS OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE (Canale, M. & Swain, M 1980) (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 18. THE COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH TO LANGUAGE TEACHING (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 19. THE COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE APPROACH (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 20. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATIVE ACTIVITIES communicative purpose communicative desire content (what) not form variety of language no teacher intervention no materials control (Rod Ellis) (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 21. IS THIS ACTIVITY COMMUNICATIVE? Look at these two pictures. What do they like doing in their free time? (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 22. IS THIS ACTIVITY COMMUNICATIVE? Role play: Choose either A or B A invites B B thanks A A asks for an explanation B gives a justification A insists B answers the way he/she decides. (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 23. WHAT ARE WE DOING IN CLASS? Language practice Communication Speaking Correcting exercises orally Expressing an opinion Listening Listening to this and try to understand everything Listening to the news Writing Writing the questions to these answers Writing an e-mail to your friend Reading Reading a text in order to answer the questions that follow Reading about your favourite actor (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 24. MAKE YOUR STUDENTS USE ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVELY AND EFFECTIVELY (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 25. (C) MONTSE IRUN What’s the point of knowing when to use a verbal tense if it is not used in communication?
- 26. ESSENTIAL CONDITIONS FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 27. FOUR CONDITIONS FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING Exposure to input. Production of output Memorization Motivation (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 28. FOUR CONDITIONS FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING Exposure to input. Attention focused Do something with it Comprehensible Authentic Interesting (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 29. FOUR CONDITIONS FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING What kind of output How and when does memorization play a role? (C) MONTSE IRUN Instruction hastens the process (communicat ive activities)
- 30. MOTIVATION Wanting to do something. Having a positive attitude towards it. (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 31. TYPES OF MOTIVATION •Instrumental (functional) •Integrative (culture) Extrinsic motivation •Achievement (success) •Task (task) Intrinsic motivation (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 32. EXAMPLE Intrinsic Extrinsic Integrative It’s fun My mother says it’s important My friend is doing it (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 33. DECIDE WHICH TYPE OF MOTIVATION THESE LEARNERS HAVE. Intrinsic Extrinsic Integrative (C) MONTSE IRUN a. Everyone else understands this. b. I don’t like people saying things I don’t understand. c. I enjoy doing this. d. I need this for my exam. e. It’s great when the teacher says: ‘Well done!’ f. My teacher will be upset if I don’t do this.
- 34. ANSWERS Intrinsic Extrinsic Integrative It’s fun I enjoy doing this. It’s great when the teacher says: ‘Well done!’ My mother says it’s important. I need this for my exam. My teacher will be upset if I don’t do this. My friend is doing it. Everyone else understands this. I don’t like people saying things I don’t understand.(C) MONTSE IRUN
- 35. HOW TO IGNITE INTRINSEC MOTIVATION Choice Challenge Collaboration Control (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 37. TEACHING ≠ LEARNING Traditional teaching Teachers talk Teachers use ppp Students practise XXI Century teaching Students talk Students work Teachers help (C) MONTSE IRUN
- 38. WHICH ONE WOULD YOU CHOOSE? montse.irun@udl.cat (C) MONTSE IRUN