White spaces above 3 g hz and an application
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The presentation discusses advancements in radio technology, particularly focusing on the evolution of smart antennas, cognitive radio, and beamforming to enhance broadband solutions. It highlights the underutilization of radio spectrum above 3 GHz and the potential for new service models and technologies to improve connectivity. Additionally, it addresses regulatory challenges and opportunities for innovation within the context of secondary spectrum use and market changes.
White spaces above 3 g hz and an application
- 2. This slide was not presented White Spaces: The Radio Evolu5on Tuesday -‐ 09/13/11 • 3:30-‐4:15pm Brough Turner , Founder , netBlazr.com Smart antennas and smart radios, Cogni7ve Radio and Beam Forming are on the verge of being incorporated into product. As we head toward these technologies, the opportuni7es exist for new models of service sharing and interconnec7on to deliver broadband solu7ons.
- 3. Radio Spectrum Occupancy Urban areas, 30 MHz to 3 GHz. Above 3 GHz mostly vacant! As measured by Shared Spectrum Company and the University of Kansas Center for Research for the NSF National Radio Network Research Testbed (NRNRT)
- 4. Radio Spectrum Occupancy Urban areas, 30 MHz to 3 GHz. Above 3 GHz mostly vacant! As measured by Shared Spectrum Company and the University of Kansas Center for Research for the NSF National Radio Network Research Testbed (NRNRT)
- 5. WHITE SPACES ABOVE 3 GHZ Radio technology evolu5on, with applica5ons Brough Turner Founder & CTO netBlazr Inc.
- 6. Outline… • Value of higher frequencies – Limits are tech not physics; MIMO; beamforming; HF -‐> shorter WL -‐> 7ghter beams – > 3 GHz is mostly white space in most places • SB seeking secondary access now • Example of app at 5 GHz
- 7. Spectrum Myth TV bands are “beach front” spectrum • Based on legacy technology, not physics! – Travels farther thru the air – No! – Thru windows – roughly the same – Goes thru masonry – nothing works well 7
- 8. Free space path loss Seems to say more , more loss But this equa7on encapsulates two effects: Actual path loss Receiving antenna aperture (assumed to be ½ wavelength) 5 GHz photons go just as far as 700 MHz photons ! 8
- 9. Radio & our Atmosphere 10 GHz 30 MHz
- 10. Refrac7on and reflec7ons Shorter wavelength -‐ more reflec7ons, refrac7on “Mul7Path” “Ghosts” if a single receiver 10
- 11. MIMO: Mul7ple Input Mul7ple Output 11
- 12. Rich Indoor MIMO Mul7path Source: Fanny Mlinarsky, Octoscope 12
- 13. MIMO overcomes mul7-‐path Mul7ple radios decode & realign delayed signals – no more “ghosts” 13
- 14. The FCC licenses transmihers But Receiver performance is the cri8cal issue ! 14
- 15. Visible light analogy Vision system (eyes + visual cortex) = extremely efficient 400-‐790 THz receiver 15
- 16. Spa7al discrimina7on • For Humans: ~ 1/60th of a degree 16
- 17. Enormous knowledge base • Detailed catalog of the characteris7cs of most poten7al visible light sources 17
- 18. Leveraging source mo7on to increase received informa7on … 18
- 19. Radio receivers with MIMO • Far from the selec7vity and sensi7vity of mammalian vision systems • Far ahead of receivers in use when regulatory schemes were established
- 20. Mul7ple radios per chip Intel Like CPU cores … • 2x2 MIMO – 2008 • 4x4 MIMO – 2011 then Fujitsu • 8 radios, 16 radios, … Be1er and be1er beam-‐forming ! AMD 20
- 21. Beamforming • Select among mul7ple predefined antenna elements – Widely used with single radios (2G, 3G, Wi-‐Fi – Vivato, Ruckus Wireless) • Adap7ve antenna arrays – Dynamically compute phase and amplitude for each antenna element – Adapts for desired signal while also reducing interference 21
- 22. Beamsteering 8 antenna elements spread over 3.5 λs, i.e. ~18 cm, or < 7.5” at 5.8 GHz 22
- 23. Beamsteering 8 antenna elements spread over 3.5 λs, i.e. ~18 cm, or < 7.5” at 5.8 GHz 23
- 24. Beamsteering 8 antenna elements spread over 3.5 λs, i.e. ~18 cm, or < 7.5” at 5.8 GHz 24
- 25. Beamsteering ~2017: >500 Mbps Wi-‐Fi to ~1 Km at mass market prices ? 4x4 MIMO with 8-‐12 antenna elements 25
- 26. Beamsteering ~2017: >500 Mbps Wi-‐Fi to ~1 Km at mass market prices ? 4x4 MIMO with 8-‐12 antenna elements 26
- 27. Beamsteering ~2017: >500 Mbps Wi-‐Fi to ~1 Km at mass market prices ? 4x4 MIMO with 8-‐12 antenna elements 27
- 28. TVWS – Beach-‐front Property? • MIMO antenna element separa7on >= ½ wavelength – 2.1 meters at 70 MHz – 21 cm at 700 MHz • But only – 2.5 cm for 5.8 GHz Wi-‐Fi Ruckus Wireless Wavion Networks 28 DAP-‐2553 D-‐Link
- 29. Spectrum innova7on • Today’s regula7on inhibits innova7on • Technology has outrun today’s regula7on • Decades of further innova7on ahead • “Secondary use” the best path forward – 5 GHz UNII bands; Amateur radio; TV white space 29
- 30. Prospects for Change • Substan7al vested interests – Broadcasters, cellular operators, many other exis7ng spectrum owners • Overwhelming success of WiFi, Bluetooth, etc. – Commercial successes new interests 30
- 31. Prospects for addi7onal bands • More access in 4.9 GHz – 6.0 GHz • IMT-‐Advanced candidate bands – 2300-‐2400, 2700-‐2900, 3400-‐4200, 4400-‐5000 MHz – Would take years to clear but could be used now under secondary use protocols (like 802.11y) 31
- 32. Prospects for addi7onal bands • More access in 4.9 GHz – 6.0 GHz • IMT-‐Advanced candidate bands – 2300-‐2400, 2700-‐2900, 3400-‐4200, 4400-‐5000 MHz – Would take years to clear but could be used now under secondary use protocols (like 802.11y) • My wish: All spectrum above 3 GHz unless specifically excepted 32
- 33. Applica7ons today Spectrum already available at 5 GHz • UNII-‐1: 5.15-‐5.25 GHz 100 MHz • UNII-‐2: 5.25-‐5.35 GHz 100 MHz • UNII-‐Global: 5.47-‐5.725 GHz 255 MHz • UNII-‐3/ISM: 5.725-‐5.825 GHz 100 MHz -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐ 555 MHz
- 34. Dysfunc7onal Internet Access Market Verizon Cogent $500/mo $700/mo 1.5/1.5 Mbps 100/100 Mbps 3% 97% buildings buildings
- 35. netBlazr – “Skype for broadband” • Cloud-‐based soyware plazorm manages fiber & wireless network built by netBlazr users • Leverage evolving wireless tech • Freemium pricing & care models 28 June 2011 35
- 36. Window-‐to-‐window Head-‐End n Head-‐End 3 (South Sta7on) Fiber Head-‐End 1 (Hancock Tower) Fiber Data Center Fiber Head-‐End 2 (State St) 28 June 2011 36
- 38. netBlazr Confiden7al 38
- 39. Augmenta7on service • Large companies have dual sources • Now dual source affordable for all • No bogus SLAs, but open, public on-‐line network opera7ons center with current and historical data • Wiki documenta7on, on-‐line forum, op7onal 3rd party support 28 June 2011 39
- 40. Adop7on in one building • 10 prospects (12-‐25th floors) • 5 signed up & on-‐line • 1 install next week • 3 interested but not prepared to act • 1 declined I.e., 60% penetra>on in 6 months 28 June 2011 40
- 41. CAPEX Verizon FiOS Comcast BB Clearwire Verizon 4G LTE ATT DSL TowerStream netBlazr $-‐ $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 $700 $800
- 43. netBlazr’s opportunity $10 B Transferred to Customers $12 B $2 B $11.9 B is today’s market for data services for target SMB’s in the US IDC report on SMB IT Spending Forecast 12/2009 28 June 2011 43
- 44. Thank you Brough Turner netBlazr Inc. brough@netblazr.com