Whitebox Testing,Types,Different techniques
- 1. Unit 2 Chapter 1 White Box Testing By Ms.R.Vasuki Asst.Professor & Head Department of Artificial Intelligence R.VASUKI ASST.PROFESSOR & HEAD DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
- 2. Definition White box testing techniques analyze the internal structures the used data structures, internal design, code structure, and the working of the software rather than just the functionality as in black box testing. It is used to test the software’s internal logic, flow, and structure. It is also called glass box testing clear box testing or structural testing. White Box Testing is also known as transparent testing or open box testing.
- 4. Process of White Box Testing 1. Input: Requirements, Functional specifications, design documents, source code. 2. Processing: Performing risk analysis to guide through the entire process. 3. Proper test planning: Designing test cases to cover the entire code. Execute rinse-repeat until error-free software is reached. Also, the results are communicated. 4. Output: Preparing the final report of the entire testing process. White Testing is performed in 2 Steps 5. Tester should understand the code well 6. Tester should write some code for test cases and execute them
- 5. What Does White Box Testing Focus On? ● Path Checking: Examines the different routes the program can take when it runs. Ensures that all decisions made by the program are correct, necessary, and efficient. ● Output Validation: Tests different inputs to see if the function gives the right output each time. ● Security Testing: Uses techniques like static code analysis to find and fix potential security issues in the software. Ensures the software is developed using secure practices. ● Loop Testing: Checks the loops in the program to make sure they work correctly and efficiently. Ensures that loops handle variables properly within their scope. ● Data Flow Testing: Follows the path of variables through the program to ensure they
- 6. Types Of White Box Testing
- 7. Unit Testing ● Checks if each part or function of the application works correctly. ● Ensures the application meets design requirements during development. Eg:Imagine you’re building a bicycle. Unit testing would be like checking each part separately – testing the brakes, the gears, the pedals, etc., to ensure they all work correctly before assembling the whole bicycle. Integration Testing ● Examines how different parts of the application work together. ● Done after unit testing to make sure components work well both alone and together.
- 8. ● Integration testing ensures that every integrated module functions correctly ● Testers can initiate integration testing once a module is completed and doesn’t require waiting for another module to be done and ready for testing Regression Testing ● Verifies that changes or updates don’t break existing functionality. ● Ensures the application still passes all existing tests after updates.
- 9. Example def Printme(a, b): result = a + b if result > 0: print("Positive", result) else: print("Negative", result) The goal of White Box Testing here is to verify all the decision branches (the if-else condition) in the code. To exercise the statements in this code, we would create the following test cases: Test Case 1: a = 1, b = 1 This would test the “Positive” branch of the if-else condition. Test Case 2: a = -1, b = -3 This would test the “Negative” branch of the if-else condition.
- 10. Different Techniques in White Box Testing
- 11. 1. Statement Coverage In this technique, the aim is to traverse all statements at least once. Hence, each line of code is tested. In the case of a flowchart, every node must be traversed at least once. Since all lines of code are covered, it helps in pointing out faulty code.This is like making sure you read every sentence in a book. In code, it means ensuring every line or statement of the code is executed at least once during testing.
- 12. 2. Branch Coverage ● In code, it means testing every possible outcome of the code’s decision points (like if-else conditions). ● In a flowchart, all edges must be traversed at least once.
- 13. 3. Condition Coverage In this technique, all individual conditions must be covered as shown in the following example: ● READ X, Y ● IF(X == 0 || Y == 0) ● PRINT ‘0’ ● #TC1 – X = 0, Y = 55 ● #TC2 – X = 5, Y = 0 4. Multiple Condition Coverage In this technique, all the possible combinations of the possible outcomes of conditions are tested at least once. Let’s consider the following example: ● READ X, Y ● IF(X == 0 || Y == 0) ● PRINT ‘0’ ● #TC1: X = 0, Y = 0 ● #TC2: X = 0, Y = 5 ● #TC3: X = 55, Y = 0 ● #TC4: X = 55, Y = 5
- 14. 5. Basis Path Testing In this technique, control flow graphs are made from code or flowchart and then Cyclomatic complexity is calculated which defines the number of independent paths so that the minimal number of test cases can be designed for each independent path. Steps: ● Make the corresponding control flow graph ● Calculate the cyclomatic complexity ● Find the independent paths ● Design test cases corresponding to each independent path ● V(G) = P + 1, where P is the number of predicate nodes in the flow graph ● V(G) = E – N + 2, where E is the number of edges and N is the total number of nodes ● V(G) = Number of non-overlapping regions in the graph ● #P1: 1 – 2 – 4 – 7 – 8 ● #P2: 1 – 2 – 3 – 5 – 7 – 8 ● #P3: 1 – 2 – 3 – 6 – 7 – 8 ● #P4: 1 – 2 – 4 – 7 – 1 – . . . – 7 – 8
- 15. 6.Loop Testing Loops are widely used and these are fundamental to many algorithms hence, their testing is very important. Errors often occur at the beginnings and ends of loops. ● Simple loops: For simple loops of size n, test cases are designed that: 1. Skip the loop entirely 2. Only one pass through the loop 3. 2 passes 4. m passes, where m < n 5. n-1 ans n+1 passes
- 17. 1. Limited Scope of Testing One of the significant challenges of white box testing is its limited scope. Since white box testing involves examining the internal structure and code of a software application, it can only evaluate the specific areas that are accessible for analysis. This means that certain aspects of the system, such as external dependencies or third-party integrations, may not be fully tested using white box techniques. 2. Time-consuming and Resource-intensive White box testing requires detailed knowledge of the internal workings of the software, including the codebase, algorithms, and data structures. This level of understanding can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, especially for complex applications.
- 18. 3. Incomplete Coverage While white box testing allows for a deep analysis of the internal components of a software application, it is still susceptible to incomplete coverage. 4. Lack of Real-world Conditions White box testing operates at the code level, where the focus is on verifying the correctness and reliability of individual functions or modules. However, this approach often fails to replicate real-world conditions and user interactions. white box testing may not adequately simulate concurrent user access, network latency, or database load, which can significantly impact the performance and behavior of an application.
- 19. 5. Maintenance Challenges As software applications evolve over time, the codebase undergoes changes and updates. This poses a challenge for white box testing since any modifications to the code may require a reassessment of the testing strategy. Test cases that were previously designed based on the original code structure may no longer be valid or effective.
- 20. 1.What is white box testing? a)Testing the software's user interface b)Testing the software's internal logic and code structure c)Testing the software's performance d)Testing the software for security vulnerabilities 2.What is the primary focus of white box testing? a)Functionalities of the software b)User interface design c)Code execution paths and internal structures d)System integration testing 3.Which testing technique is commonly not used in white box testing? a)Basis path testing b) boundary value analysis c)Branch coverage d)Loop testing 4.Which of the following testing is also known as white-box testing? a) Structural testing b)Error guessing technique c)Design based testing d)None of the above Find the Answer