Why Do Instruments Have Its Own Unique Sound

Why Do Instruments Have Its Own Unique Sound
Part B
Explain the difference between music and noise. Make specific reference to the musical scale.
As the hearing is one of the most important ability a person can have it has a great deal of benefits.
This allows an individual to hear sounds from a mechanical wave which is then transferred to
stimulate the hearing organs inside the body. The mechanical wave is only able to transfer energy
through a medium, the two types of waves that associate with the mechanical is both the
longitudinal and the transverse wave.
Music is a significant element in most lives it takes a role in most cultures people believe in. Music
contains a variety of elements within different genres such as the pitch, rhythm, dynamics, timbre
and the texture. Different voices and different kinds of instruments produce a variety of frequent ...
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The group of specific notes are form by the fundamental frequency. Different scales form different
pitches which all ascend and descend on the musical scale. The musical scale represents the
equivalence between an octave, where the higher and lower octaves present the ascending and
descending frequencies of the musical scale. The octave contains either half or a full frequency
where the octave performs a series of notes.
The wave formula is v = f λ
Why do instruments have its own unique sound?
Each instrument produce a different harmonic sound. Any sound that is produced by any musical
instrument can be very complex where they contain infinite amount of sine waves of different
frequency levels, one of the most common genres is the pitch called for the fundamental frequency.
There is 3 types of complex waves associated with sound the triangle wave, sawtooth wave and the
square wave which are all made from the different harmonic sounds which show the difference
between each individual harmonic as explained
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Vertical Chime Lab Report
The instrument that we constructed to investigate different soundwaves and frequencies each
mediums produce with was the vertical chimes. We changed the medium (materials) that the sound
waves travelled through. The chime is made up of a newton ball, pebble, mothball and marble.
Unlike the wind chimes we didn't use wind to make the instrument play but we used a metal spoon
to hit each individual materials with. This experiment was ran during class by using an app that
recorded the frequency of the sound that the vertical chime was producing. We had many challenges
on the way like recording the frequency with the app, controlling the variable and getting the results.
Sound is the energy things produce when they vibrate. Sound cannot travel though a vacuum; it
always has to have something to travel through which are called mediums such as air, glass, wood,
metal or water. When you hit two things the most common forms of energy is kinetic energy, which
is then converted to a sound energy and thermal energy (Physics, 2012). If you bang a drum, you are
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We tried a few more times with two other apps, our teacher (Mrs. Whebell) ended up paying to
download an app called "Frequency Meter PRO". It was measuring the sound frequency the chimes
made but it was very unreliable because each time we hit the same material a different reading
would come up and it made it very difficult to get reliable

A Look At The Sound Of Music
A Look at the Sound of Music As a college student, I have seen innumerable people walking by with
their headphones in, using music to block out the rest of the world. With the convenience of an
iPhone or other smart phone, listening to music has become so casual. With the press of a button,
voila! Miley Cyrus is at the tips of your fingertips. It's become so normalized that these same people
seldom think about the science behind that noise in your ear. A disturbance in space results in a
periodic wave which propagates through that space, usually transferring energy ("Introduction to
Waves"). This transfer of energy can be explained by the conservation of momentum and energy in
collisions. Momentum is never lost; kinetic energy may be lost. If kinetic energy is conserved, the
collision was elastic; if the kinetic energy was transferred, the collision was inelastic.
Momentum is a vector, defined as p=mv, where momentum equals mass times the velocity at which
the mass travels. The rate of change of momentum is that mass's net force, defined as ∑▒〖F=∆p/
∆t〗, where force is equal to change in momentum over a given time interval ("Lecture 12:
Momentum").
Mechanical energy is equal to the sum of kinetic (KE) and potential energy (PE), derived from the
law of conservation of energy, which states that the total energy of a closed system is conserved
(Tuckerman). Potential energy is energy that is associated with some force, and is thus dependent on
its initial position. Potential

Sound Waves Lab
Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to test the effects that different sound barrier
materials (foam, fiberglass, and cork) had on sound absorption at varying frequency levels. It was
hypothesized that foam would be able to absorb the most sound for all frequency levels. Sound is
the mechanical disturbance from a state of equilibrium that propagates though an elastic material
medium, which was air in this project. (1) Air is considered an elastic medium because it tends to
return to its original shape after being deformed through the application of force, which were the
sound waves in this experiment. (2) The type of sound wave used for this experiment was
longitudinal waves in which the vibration occurs along the direction of propagation ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Form and fiberglass were porous materials which allowed them to more greatly affect the
propagation of sound and absorb more of the sound waves. As the frequency increased, so did the
sound absorption of all materials since higher frequencies were supposedly easier to control.
Bibliography
1. Berg, Richard E. "Sound." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2014. Web.
11 Nov. 2014.
2. Elert, Glenn. "The Nature of Sound." The Physics Hypertextbook. Glenn Elert, 2013. Web. 11
Nov. 2014.
3. Linder, Cedric J. "Understanding Sound: So What Is the Problem?" Physics Education 27.5
(1992): 258–64. Web.
4. Hillenbrand, James M. "The Physics of Sound." Western Michigan University. Western Michigan
University, 2002. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
5. Rao, Roma M. "Velocity of Sound in Liquids and Chemical Constitution." The Journal of
Chemical Physics 9.9 (1941): 682. Web.
6. Rossing, Thomas D. The Science of Sound. Reading, MA: Addison–Wesley Pub., 1990. Print.
7. Shore, Steven N. Forces in Physics: A Historical Perspective. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2008.
Print.

Waves Lab
PHY 101
Lab Report
Waves Lab
Purpose
The purpose of this laboratory experiment is to "investigate how the vibrating source affects selected
characteristics of the sound produced" (Giancoli, 2006).
Materials
The following materials were used in the completion of this laboratory experiment: * Meter stick *
Two paper towel rolls / cardboard tubes * Scissors * Two rubber bands * Wax paper * Transparent
tape * Flashlight * Balloon
Procedure
Part 1: 1. Hold one end of a meter stick down on a tabletop so that 20 cm of the stick extends past
the edge of the table. 2. Pluck the end of the stick that is extending past the edge of the table to
produce a vibration and sound. 3. Observe this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They can "be described using the properties of wave speed, intensity and loudness, and frequency
and pitch" (Giancoli, 2006). The speed of sound varies in both different mediums and at different
temperatures. Sound intensity "is the rate at which the sound wave's energy flows through a given
area" (Giancoli, 2006). It is dependent upon the amplitude of the wave and the distance from the
sound source (Giancoli, 2006). It is also related to loudness. Loudness "is the physical response to
the intensity and is subjective depending on the person listening to the sound' (Giancoli, 2006).
Frequency of sound depends on "how fast the source of the sound is vibrating" in which case the
"frequency of the sound produced depends on the length of the tubing" of a musical instrument
(Giancoli, 2006). In these cases, "longer tubes tend to produce lower frequency sounds" (Giancoli,
2006). "Pitch is the frequency of the sound as perceived by the listener" (Giancoli, 2006).
This experiment did not include exact values, rather, used observations as a source of data collection
and comparison. Therefore, using measurements would be better to compare the exact changes that
occurred as a result of the manipulation of variables. This would require more expensive and precise
tools, but if it was feasible, would improve the reliability of the results.

The purpose of the experiment was met, as it allowed the experimenter to investigate how the
vibrating source

Unit1assign2 wireless Essay
Jason Fessel
Unit 1 Assign 2
Review Questions
2.2 Why can waves with very low frequency follow the earth's surface? Why are they not used for
data transmission in computer networks?
Below 2 MHz radio waves more or less follow earth's surface. One reason is diffraction. An
additional factor is electrical power which is induced in the surface by the waves. This slows down
the wave front near the surface so that the wave front is brought in a curve and travels along the
surface. The reasons why low frequencies are not used for radio data transmissions: Low
frequencies give us only low data rates because the bandwidth is smaller than for higher frequencies.
Regarding the large wavelength of low frequencies for generation and receipt of the ... Show more
Users move, rotate, flip the phones etc. Phones are in bags and pockets while operated hands–free.
There is no chance of directed transmission. New developments comprising fast signal processors
and multiple antennas may exploit directed characteristics of antennas. There are several ways of
improving the gain of an antenna: right dimensioning, multiple antennas plus a signal processor
combining the signals, active and passive components attached to the antenna.
2.13 What are the main benefits of a spread spectrum system? How can spreading be achieved?
What replaces the guard space in Figure 2.33 when compared to Figure 2.34? How can DSSS
systems benefit from multi–path propagation?
The main benefits are very robust against interference, inherent security, basis for CDMA
technologies, can be used in the background of existing systems if the signal level is low enough.
Spreading can be achieved by XORing a bit with a chipping sequence or frequency hopping. Guard
spaces are now the orthogonally of the chipping sequences or hopping patterns. The higher the
orthogonally, the lower the correlation of spread signals or the lower the collision probability of
frequency hopping systems. DSSS system typically use rake receivers that recombine signals
travelling along different paths. Recombination results in a stronger signal compared to the

Blowing Bottle Tops: Making Music with Glass Bottles
Have you ever wondered why glass bottles made a sound, kind of like a music note? Well, this paper
will explain how this works. The paper will be talking about sound, sound waves, standing waves,
musical note names and frequencies, resonance, and closed–end air columns. Closed–end air
columns will be a main focus in the paper, studying the physics behind it. Glass bottles are an
example of a closed–end air column. Therefore, the more water inside the bottle, the lower the note,
and less water would be a higher note. Closed–end air can be many things; ranging from brass
instruments, woodwind instruments, organ pipes, and flutes. These closed–end air columns cannot
produce an even harmonic. It has a 1st harmonic, 3rd harmonic, and fifth harmonic. These
harmonics are can be understood as, the 2nd harmonic being twice that of the 1st, and the 4th being
four times that of the 1st .
Sound is a wave, and a wave can be remembered as a medium, carrying energy from one point to
another. The sound wave has a resemblance of a slinky in its nature, for many reasons. The
disturbance goes from one place to another, carried by the medium. Typically, the medium will carry
energy through the air, although it could be any substance like water and steel. There is an original
source of the wave; anything from someone's vibrating vocal chords, or a tuning fork. Then, the
sound is transported through the medium through particle–to–particle interaction. If the sound wave
is moving through the

Nt1310 Unit 3 Assignment 1
Student Name:– Sunil
Student id: – 11587717
Subject :– SITC513_201560_SM_I (Wireless Networking Concepts)
Answer 1.
In elecronic, broadcast, transportation, filters are used to select the desired signal, and deny or block
unwanted signals. Or put in other words, they may be the only way we have to block.The doing so,
we want to signal and other frequency or with a device, is frequency–selective – it behave different
towards different frequencies. Such device is called a filter. (Bertrand, 2002)
Irrespective of the mechanism by which the filler does its job, filters can be broken down into four
basic types.
1. Low–pass filter
2. High–pass filter
3. Band–pass filter
4. Band–stop filter (Bertrand, 2002)
Low–pass filter – It passed all the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mixer:
Mixer is an active or passive device, from a switching signal Frequency to another. It can be
adjusted or the demodulated signal. It has three signals Connection, which is called a port in the
language of radio engineers. There are three ports. It is the RF input, a local oscillator input, and
intermediate Frequency output. (NA, NA)
Here Figure (a) show up–conversion and figure (b) show down–conversion:
Dual band (DSB) signal comprising on the lower sideband, and a single sideband (SSB) signal may
be generated by filtering or by using a single sideband mixer.
Single sideband modulation may be viewed as the removal or reduction of the amplitude modulation
signal component. In order to see how the SSB is created, it is necessary to use an amplitude
modulated signal as a starting point. (Rosu, NA)
Amplitude modulated carrier
It shows sidebands on either side of the carrier
From this it can be seen, the signal having the two sidebands, each other's mirror, and a carrier. To

improve the efficiency of the signal, both in terms of power and spectrum use, carriers can be
removed, or at least reduce it, and remove one sideband – one is a mirror. (Poole,

The Physics Of A Wave
Introduction
As seen in the previous laboratory experiment, standing waves are produced when a wave and its
reflection are superposed. When a wave travels on a string we notice places of maximum amplitude
called antinodes, and regions of no amplitude at all, that we call nodes. When the medium in which
the wave travels is air instead of a string, similar observations are made. In this case, the antinodes
are regions of maximum compression in the air column, while the nodes are those regions which
have the lowest compression or pressure. These regions are sometimes called regions of rarefaction.
In this experiment, we used a Vernier microphone, a labquest, and PVC tubes to study waves in a
column of air.
Description of Set Up
The setup of this experiment was fairly easy. Firstly, the temperature probe and the microphone were
fixed to a ring stand and connected to the labquest; the labquest was itself connected to the CPU.
Photo 1. From here, the logger Pro was launched. The temperature reading was recorded (20.7 o C
in our case) and the microphone background reading was noted. As this point, the use of the
temperature probe was over, and so it was disconnected from the labquest.
Photo 1.
Outline of Technique
The length and diameter of a PVC pipe were measured. These measurement are recorded in table 1.
The system was programmed to start data collection the moment the noise level is 0.2 above the
background noise. Then, the PVC pipe was held perpendicular to the microphone

Comparing Techniques For Collecting Data On Primary And...
STUDENT NAME: Bailey Jacobs EMAIL: bjaco50@eq.edu.au TEACHER: F Stevenson D
Harman K Podlich A Brown Statistical Inferences Purpose: In this unit we have studied how to:
comparing techniques for collecting data in primary and secondary sources. Making sense of the
position of the mean and median in skewed, symmetric and bimodal displays to describe and
interpret data. Constructing histograms and back–to–back stem–and–leaf plots. Calculate relative
frequencies Investigate data used and its validity Now it is your turn to demonstrate your fluency
and understanding of these concepts in applying your knowledge from simple through to complex
application in real life and theoretical contexts. Task Are we a typical Australian Year 9 class? In this
task you will collect, process and compare data of body measurements from two groups: your
mathematics class and an ABS CensusAtSchool sample. Your teacher is looking for evidence of
mathematical understanding, fluency and problem solving and reasoning abilities, not only correct
answers. When using a calculator, show enough working so that your teacher can see the method
used. Content: Identify everyday questions and issues involving at least one numerical and at least
one categorical variable, and collect data directly from secondary sources. Construct back–to–back
stem–and–leaf plots and histograms and describe data, using terms including 'skewed', 'symmetric'
and 'bi–modal'.

How Is Music Formed
When listening to music do you ever wonder how it was formed? We do not think about that. So
how is music formed? Music is formed when a sound is produced when something vibrates. The
vibrating body causes the medium around it to vibrate. With the vibrations moving in the air they are
called traveling longitudinal waves. Longitudinal waves allow us to hear. By allowing us to hear, it
allows high and low pressure to form called compression and rarefaction. What behaviors do air
vibrations cause? They cause a Standing wave. A standing wave is the result of the wave reflecting
off the end of the tube and interfering with itself. Vibration inside a tube forms a standing wave.
When sound is produced in an instrument by blowing into it, allows

Basic
The Basic Parts The Basic Parts There are just five basic parts in a radio frequency communication
system. These are: * Antenna * Amplifier * Filter * Mixer * Source These five parts are then put
together to do one of two basic functions: transmit or receive. The name of the resulting device is a
radio. The radio also may go by many other names based on marketing considerations or its specific
role in the wireless network. A radio is used to send and receive a signal that flows through the air as
a series of electromagnetic waves. Radios can take on many different forms. As such, it is not
always easy to identify them. When transmitting or receiving, the goal is to produce a perfect sine
wave, of the exact ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Antenna Radiation Pattern When selecting an antenna, both the width of the area to be covered and
the distance of each link must be considered. These considerations will then determine the type of
antenna to use, based on each antenna's signal pattern. Every antenna has a pattern to the signal.
This pattern applies both to sending and receiving. By convention, the radiation line used to draw
this pattern is placed wherever the power radiating out drops to one half of the power at the antenna
surface. For example, for a dipole antenna: | | As opposed to a directional antenna: | | | Note in the
diagram above that the radiation pattern does not have an even outline; there is a large main lobe,
which is desired, and one or more side lobes, which are undesirable. These side lobes are also called
the minor lobes. Antennas also have a front–to–back ratio that is measured in dBs. The forward gain
is the maximum gain at the end of the main lobe of the antenna. The rear gain is measured either at
180 degrees from the main lobe, or from 90 degrees to 270 degrees from the main lobe. Using the
wider sector is the better way to measure this distance. These back lobes are also undesirable. A
front–to–back ratio of 10–15 dB is fair, 15–20 dB is good, 20–30 dB is very good, and above 30 dB
is excellent. The regions in between the main and minor lobes are areas of weak signals called nulls.
All antennas have gain, but this may or may not be real

Hardware and Sorftware: Major Techniques that Allocate...
Introduction
There are four major techniques that allocate capacity for wireless WAN communications. These
techniques are Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access
(FDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM). (Goleniewski, L. 2007) Each technique has pros and cons when compared
amongst each other. The following is a summary of why each technique has a need, and some of the
challenges that come with that technique.
Radio Frequency
Radio Frequency or RF is used in our everyday lives whether or not you realize it. Some of the
common uses of Radio Frequencies are:
AM radio – 535 kilohertz to 1.7 megahertz
FM radio – 88 megahertz to 108 megahertz
Short ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The classic RF structure has a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter creates electrical signals
that are called a carrier signal. The carrier signal frequency is determined by the wave length. The
carrier signal is modulated to carry voice by adding a contrast signal to the wave form. The receiver
gets the pair of sidebands and transforms them into speech or other sounds. RF in a wireless
environment can have dead spots due to line of sight issues.
FDMA
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) is a technique in which each user is assigned to a
different frequency; it is used in older analog cellular systems. (Goleniewski, L. 2007) This allows
everyone to speak at the same time, but it requires a different frequency band for each user. This
creates a limitation of the technique, as each cell can only support 60 users. With the digital
technology of today, FDMA is no longer a viable solution due to the limitation on users. It is also
expensive for the service provider since there needs to be a transceiver for each channel, and
because of the great amount of power that is consumed. FDMA does still serve a purpose today,
though. It is used to divide the allocated spectrum into individual channels, by which other channels
will then enable many users to use one channel. (Goleniewski, L. 2007)
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) is a technique that takes advantage of FDMA. The
frequency spectrum is first split into

The Human Modes Of Communication
For Postman, the human modes of communication play an important role in terms of shaping
discourse. If one can understand the role that methods of communication play in shaping culture and
discourse, one can better understand how communication impacts the development and subsequent
spread of culture and knowledge. Therefore, constructing an understanding of human epistemology
requires an analysis of the prevalent mediums of communication within society. Postman argues that
the unique nature of each form of communication controls, "...what kind of content can issue from
such forms."1 (p. 6) He gives the example of smoke signals utilized by Native Americans. These
smoke signals could be used to convey short messages, but it is safe to assume ... Show more
(p. 65) The invention of the telegraph brought about discourse for the sake of discourse, and thus,
"...it would require the content of that conversation to be different from what Typographic Man was
accustomed to."5 (p. 65) As the telegraph rose to prevalence, so too did the spread of useless
information. Information became a commodity, something that served no purpose other than to
inform. Information no longer needed to serve any sort of relevance–be it social or political–it
became a novelty intended to entertain and satisfy curiosity. The implication of such a shift in
medium cannot be underestimated. To Postman, "By generating an abundance of irrelevant
information, it [the telegraph] dramatically altered what may be called the "information–action
ratio."6 (p. 68) The problem with this is that society has slowly become complacent with their
impotency in terms of acting with regards to the news. The news that one hears no longer has the
ability to guide one's actions, as it is irrelevant. The telegraph created a culture in which rapid,
readily replaced information is desirable; and it is this shift in discourse that has created the cultural
idea that intelligence is, "...meant knowing of lots of things, not knowing about them."7 (p. 70)
Question IV Postman begins his analysis of the written word by giving a historical context of
typography within America. Education in the American colonies was an "intellectual

Standing Waves Lab
Introduction:
In this lab the speed of sound was found by using standing waves. A tube with a speaker at the top of
it was playing at a constant frequency. As the speaker played, the tube filled with water. The
reflections in this lab caused destructive interference. When waves reflect and they are on two sides
of the medium the sound cancels out and there is no noise. Where this occurs it is called a node and
with the nodes the wavelength could be measured because the distance between two nodes is a half
a wavelength. The lab was conducted with standing waves because it ensures the nodes and
antinodes are stationary and easy to measure. This lab would not have been possible with other types
of waves that did not have stationary nodes. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, if a node was in between two points on the ruler the exact measurement would have been
slightly off. This could have either increased or decreased the wavelength, but would have a
minimal effect on the final velocity. Another source of error is that the frequency was not exact
because people had to decide when the sound was lowest by using their ears. Without any
instruments to calculate this, it is very difficult for someone to precisely find where a sound is the
lowest. Again, this error would have a small impact on the results of the lab, but it could have
accounted for some of the 5% change in velocity. Another possible way to measure the speed of
sound would be going into a large area and having one person yell while other people stand a certain
distance away. Everyone would time how long it takes for them to hear the person yelling. Then, to
find the speed of the sound the distance would be put over the time it took to hear the noise.
Although this lab would have possible sources of error including human reaction time and other
factors, a constant velocity should be

Ultrasonic is the universally accepted technique to study...
Ultrasonic is the universally accepted technique to study the physico–chemical properties of the
liquids, liquid mixtures, electrolytic solutions and polymeric solutions. Liquids, liquid–mixtures and
solutions find wide applications in medical, pharmaceutical, chemical, lather, textile, nuclear and
solvent, solution related industries. The study and understanding of the thermodynamic properties of
liquid mixtures and solutions are more essential for their applications in these industries. The
measurements of ultrasonic velocity in the combination of density and viscosity have been used to
study the molecular interactions in liquid mixtures and solutions.
Proteins are the linear macromolecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ultrasonic:
Ultrasonic is science of acoustics dealing with generation and use of inaudible acoustic waves. The
sound waves having frequencies ranging above 20KHZ up to several MHZ i.e. human audible
ranges are called ultrasonic waves. The sound waves of low frequencies i.e. below human audible
range are infrasonic waves. Like life, ultrasonic was originated from sea. The five senses of living
beings i.e. hearing, touch, smell, sight and taste are interdependent on each other. Out of these five,
two are important for long rang interaction i.e. sight and hearing and other three have short range
performance. But these things are different under water because long range sight has no use under
water. By default, sound waves have long range sensing functionality under water.
The era of ultrasonic began with the wrecking of RMS Titanic which crashed with ice berg. The
detection of ice berg was done by high frequency waves. In 1915 Langevin (the father of ultrasonic)
invented the underwater SONAR for submarine detection. Sokolov suggested the concept of
ultrasonic metal flaw detection in 1928. After that slow and steady progress was made in the
measurement of propagation constant of material. The propagation of ultrasonic waves through solid
material has been used to detect hidden cracks, porosity, voids and other discontinuities in metal.
The field of ultrasonic has wide application in science, medicine and

Speed Of Sound Lab Report
STANDING WAVES PRACTICAL– SPEED OF SOUND
Yacoub Suresh Kandathil
Partners– Ali and Anirudh
IB PHYSICS
GRADE–11
Mrs Perez
INTRODUCTION– In this lab the speed of sound is strictly based on resonance.What resonance is
that it is a natural frequency of an object determined by vibrating waves.In this lab i have learnt
more about sound waves and how they are generally measured using resonance.My hypothesis for
this lab will be that as we use tuning forks with higher frequency, the distance it travel shortens
respectively. (From yacoub s.k.)
Experimental Variables–
Independent variables are those that are exactly what it sounds like.It is a variable that is not
changed by any other variables. So in this lab the independent variables are ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
(From yacoub s.k.)
Environmental concerns– There were no environmental concerns regarding this as it was child
friendly and it was conducted in a perfectly safe manner.
Conclusion– I have learned a lot from this lab about resonance.One of the things i learned was that
the speed of sound may also depend upon the temperature of the room and also through the medium
it travels.Another way we could do this lab is with a speaker and a microphone in order to amplify
the sound coming from the tube.One thing i'm glad i learned through this lab is how to find
antinodes in a standing wave.(From yacoub s.k.)
BIBLIOGRAPHY–
Blume, Daniel R. Reference. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. .
"What Are Independent and Dependent Variables?–NCES Kids' Zone." What Are Independent and
Dependent Variables?–NCES Kids' Zone. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2017. .

N.p., n.d. Web. .
"Speed of Sound in Air." Speed of Sound in Air. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2017.

Informative Speech About The Inventors
In order to catch you up am going to tell you about the inventors and how they initiated this project
and where their inspiration came from
First am going to tell you about the inventors and how they got started,
This reminds me of the time I watched a cartoon movie meet the Robinsons, where a boy creates a
machine that looks through people's memories.
According to Richmond Times–Dispatch, a News Website, April 1st, 2015
The students behind this invention are Viet Tran, a computer engineer major and Seth Robertson, an
electrical engineer major.
They are both Undergraduates at George Mason University in Virginia.
Their idea fight fire with sound started as a senior research project.
They didn't like the ideas that their professor proposed thats why they went ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Cnet, News website, March 26, 2015, Informs Us
They connected their frequency generator to a small amplifier and linked the amplifier to a small
electric power source. These are hooked up to a collimator that they made out of a large cardboard
tube with a hole at the end, which narrows the sound waves to a smaller area.
This device was able to extinguish small, controlled fires created with an alcohol accelerant, proving
that the concept is viable
The principle behind the extinguisher is simple: as they are mechanical pressure waves that cause
vibrations in the medium in which they travel.
They discovered that music is unsuitable and the sound waves it produces are inconsistent. sound
waves have the potential to manipulate both burning material and the oxygen that surrounds it.
The sound wave device is free of toxic chemicals and eliminates collateral damage from sprinkler
systems.
Next I will Tell you how the Soundwave Extinguisher works
This reminds me of a magic it just doesn't seem possible the way this device works.
Daily Mail, a News Website, March 26, 2015,

Descriptive Essay On Symnasts
2012 Midland City, Dothan Alabama. At the age of eight years old. It was a hot day. So hot you
could see people cooking up in the sun. That didn't stop us little 3rd graders from playing outside, on
the playground. On the playground there are some gymnasts bars. Their is a small one, medium one,
and a large one. I was the Queen of the small and medium gymnasts bars. This day I was going to
attempt something new. Me,Samari(my sister) and Evan are doing the gymnast bars. All the other
kids are watching and cheering use on. I was doing so many moves I felt like I was a gymnast. The
rules were who does good moves on the small bar would get 100 points, the medium bars equal
1,000 points, and the large on equals one trillion. Everybody know that no one would get on the
large bars but boy were they wrong. Samari was doing the small and medium bars Evan was doing
the same thing. I got up on the large bar and hung upside down. People started to cheer.
I said, " why are y'all falling off the earth?"
They all started to laugh. It was beginning to get super intense. All my blood was dropping to my
head. Then the wind started to blow and Evan came by and pushed me and my legs got loose and I
fell down. My chest hit a rock. It felted like a knife drove into my chest and two my heart. I landed
on the ground on my back. When i hit the ground my soul and all of the air in my body fell out. All i
could was try to breath for air. I was like a fish that jumped out of the water and need to get

Electrical Energy Into Mechanical Energy
4.1. Principle of Operation
Ultrasonic sensors are devices deployed to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Ultrasonic waves are longitudinal waves which move as a series of compressions and rarefactions
across the direction of wave propagation through the medium [37]. In addition to distance
measurement, they are also utilised in ultrasonic material testing to detect; air bubbles, cracks, and
other defects in products, detection of object and position, ultrasonic mouse, etc [37].
Ultrasonic sound waves are mechanical vibrations that display all of the same features as audible
sound waves, only they operate at higher frequencies. Audible sound wave frequencies range
between 20 Hz to 20 kHz. In contrast ultrasonic waves range from 20 kHz to 800 MHz, Generally,
ultrasonic waves that are used for the testing of materials range from around 0.5 MHz to 20 MHz
[38]. Ultrasonic waves are transferred via vibrating particles; therefore, ultrasonic waves require a
transmission medium whether it is solid, liquid, or gas along which to propagate [3].
The velocity of sound is not constant, but, it alters in dissimilar media and also in the same medium
at different temperature. For instance, it is estimated to be roughly around 331.9272 meters per
second at 0°C in air medium; however, it increased to around 344.4240 meters per second at 20°C in
the same air medium, or an increase of around 0.6248 meters per second for every centigrade degree
rise in temperature [39]. Sound

Thesis Statement On Underwater Communication
Introduction
Now–a–days Wireless communication is a part and parcel of our daily life. Underwater Wireless
Communications is one of them. Many researches have been done since last two decade and still
going on for getting more economy. The world's oceans, sea, river etc has grab the 2/3 part of this
earth. So, wireless information transmission underwater bears great significant.
Goal
Thesis Outline
There are 3 major part of this thesis given below:
First part consist background of underwater communication, various options of underwater
communication, underwater channel as most challenging channels.
The second part consist OFDM implementation for underwater communication including basic
principle of OFDM.
The third part consist the simulation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For wireless underwater communication, there are several means such as radio waves, optical waves
and acoustics.
Radio waves:
Radio wave has extra low frequency (30 Hz–300 Hz) and it works well to propagate any distance in
sea water. But, for its low frequency, it is needed high transmission power and large antennas.
Optical waves:
An optical wave for wireless communication has big advantage as it exceed 1 Giga bps. It can't
cross water boundary easily, suffers from severe absorption and scattering suspending particles and
planktons is significant Moderate link range (up to tens of meters).
Acoustics:
.As underwater acoustic communication is a technique of sending and receiving message below
water but there are some main limitations and challenges like time variations of the channel,
available bandwidth (small), signal attenuation (strong), multi path propagation, under water
communication is difficult – especially for long distances.
Attenuation of Acoustic Propagation
Absorption is one of the draw backs for underwater acoustic channel caused by the water viscosity,
which depends on temperature and salinity (for larger frequencies), and the chemical composition of
the seawater (for

Sound Waves Allow Us to Hear
Have you ever sat down and wondered why you can hear things? How sounds form? What are the
different components? This all happens because of sound waves. Sound Waves are disturbances that
go from one place to another in a medium. An example of this could be a Slinky. when it is all
stretched out the slinky would be at equilibrium. Then a particle in the slinky moves in any direction
and makes a disturbance. A pulse allows you to see the disturbance that is happening from both ends
of the slinky . when a pulse is repeated continuously through the slinky then it is a wave. A medium
is where the wave is carried and held from one end to the other. it only transports the wave, it does
not make it The medium plays the role of the slinky in the example from the above paragraph.
Mediums can be different depending on the location. For example the ocean water would be the
medium of the wave is traveling in the water, the medium is the air if it is a sound wave. The only
reason disturbances can get through the medium is because there are parts in the medium that
interact with each other. Going back to the slinky example, the coils are the interacting parts of it.
And in air the molecules are the interacting pairs. the medium is full of connected particles that go
moving each other. The particles in the medium are not always moving, they go back to their normal
equilibrium position because they have a constant force on them that makes them do that. Waves are
not matter , they

How An Accelerometer Works, One Must First Understand The...
Introduction
To understand how an accelerometer works, one must first understand the concept of vibration. One
example of vibration is sound. When an object vibrates and creates a disturbance in a medium, it
creates a sound wave. The sound wave travels in sinusoidal form with certain frequencies. This
affect was observed in this experiment with a guitar string, a motor, and a cell phone. The vibration
of these systems can be measured with an accelerometer. The accelerometer converts mechanical
acceleration to an electric signal.
To record the data measured by the accelerometer, the DAQ system LabVIEW was used. LabVIEW
collected the time and frequency data from the plucked guitar string. An important aspect of the
DAQ system is the sample rate, or the number of measurements it can make in a certain amount of
time. It is an important parameter because without a high enough sample rate, highly dynamic
behavior may not be recorded. Another problem with using an insufficient sampling rate is aliasing
which is the misinterpretation of high frequency signals as lower frequency components. To prevent
this, the sample frequency must be twice the highest frequency. Any signal in the system that is
above the Nyquist frequency, which is half the sampling frequency, is subject to aliasing, or false
frequency measurement. This means that the data is only reliable up to half of the sampling
frequency. However, a sample rate that is too high leads to difficult data processing and noise

Lab Report Physics
The experiment was measured in terms of its pitch in order to find the best tone from the clarinet.
The pitch and the sound of clarinet is really dependent on its reed. (3) There are several different
sizes, or thicknesses, of reeds and the 3½ reed would be able to produce the most in–tune pitch. The
sound stays as important matter in our life; it is the natural potential of most organisms and also the
one that would used the most essentially. Sound is the awareness produced by stimulation of an
person's hearing system by vibrations transmitted through the air or other medium. (1) It can be any
kind of auditory effects if that creates reception of waves and their perception by the brain. So what
are some possible factors that would create the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It's in woodwind family with piccolo, flute, oboe, and saxophone. Breath support is not just a
blowing hard. The breath support means that there is a single force which goes against another
force, which implies that it's with nice pitch whereas blowing hard implies a single force with no
opposing force to balance out so that it cannot have a great tone. (4) The embouchure must be set
before attack the note, or a sound of it. The roles of the tongue are to circulate, or build the sound, to
attack, and to stop notes. (2) As other wind instruments, clarinet rise pitch when it becomes warmer.
Oppositely, when it's cold, the pitch of clarinet drops down. When the pitch rises, it is getting sharp
whereas getting flat when pitch drops. Moisture from the breathing condenses inside of the clarinet
and more readily in the cold ; playing a wood instrument in very cold air may cause the increase of
the possibility of cracking sounds.

The Effect On Generation Effect And Its Influence On...
The impact of word frequency on generation effect
Abstract
Taking an active part in perceiving information is likely to lead to a superior memorial ability,
assisting in later recalling the information. The generation effect, according to which generated
words are better recalled than read ones, can demonstrate this view. The current study examines
whether or not the number of links connecting an item into the mental lexicon influences the
generation effect. 87 undergraduate psychology students took part in a task comparing their ability
to recall generated and read words, under low and high frequency word conditions. A significantly
larger effect was found under the high frequency word condition, although a generation effect was
present in the low frequency word condition too. This seems to suggest that the number of links
plays a central role in generation effect, but other variables, like familiarity and meaning, may
contribute as well.
It is generally held that in the human brain, information is better remembered when one takes an
active part in processing it (Slamecka & Graf, 1978). Thus, if a subject is to recall two lists of
words, of which one was simply read by them and the other obtained by making pairs of rhyming
words, the latter is likely to be better recalled. (Slamecka & Graf, 1978). An experiment performed
by Slamecka and Graf (1978) seemed to empirically validate this view; In the study, participants
were given a list of words. Some words were

Study of Tractor Vibration and Ergonomic Design of Tractor...
A Report on
STUDY OF TRACTOR VIBRATION AND ERGONOMIC DESIGN OF TRACTOR SEAT FOR
OPERATORS COMFORT
INDEX
|Sr. No. |Content |Page No. |
|1 |Objectives |1 |
|2 |Introduction |2–4 |
|3 |Reviews |5–10 |
|4 |Vibration Studies |11–29 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Vibration transmission has been reported to cause back problems because of tissue failure or from
metabolic interference, or a combination of both.
Vibration occurs in all moving bodies and tractors are no exception. It results from the interaction of
the vehicle with the rough terrain and from the power source. The level of ride vibration on tractors
during normal operation frequently exceeds the internationally accepted levels. The analysis of the
ride vibration is a complex issue especially for off–road condition, as the vibration is in category of
multi–degree of system and cawed by many components, in the system. Operating speed, surface
conditions, wheel air pressure, tire cas stiffness, mounting mechanism of the seat, cab or body parts
cause infirnth variable outcome.
A considerable amount of time and energy has been spent in minimizing this vibration problem.
Suspended seats fitted to most tractors reduce the vertical component of vibration, but the levels are
still undesirably high and there is little potential for further improvement using this technique. A
further reduction in the vibration level may be obtained by introducing wheel suspension, but it
makes the system complicated and costly. Cab suspension is another method of

phy12 e302
YAMBAO, Monn Juleuse F. mjfyambao@gmail.com E304: Kundt's Tube: Velocity of Sound in
Solid
METHODOLOGY
Two experiments were done last time due to some circumstances that made the class to lack time
and to be late compared to the official class syllabus. The students were able to accomplished the
job by equally dividing the time into two. The first experiment was about Kundt's tube. In this
experiment, longitudinal sound waves will be produced in a metal rod and an air column. Using the
properties of wave motion , the frequency of the sound and the speed of sound in the rod can be
determined.
For this experiment setup, following materials are needed such as a Kundt's tube apparatus, a meter
stick, a piece of cloth, a thermometer, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, the temperature is directly proportional to the velocity of sound in air. Comparing the
velocity of sound in the rod and the velocity of sound in air, the velocity of sound in the rod is
greater than the velocity of sound air since the molecular arrangement of solids are very much
compact that allows the waves to easily travel along the medium. The molecular arrangement of
gases is far apart from each other. Because of this, it makes it hard for the wave to travel the energy
from one particle to the other thus allowing the velocity of the sound to move slower.
SAMPLE COMPUTATION
Given:
Length of metal rod, Lr = 91.5 cm
Average length powder segments, La = 10 cm
Temperature of air, t = 26

oC
Young's Modulus of rod, = 9.1 x 1010
Density of the rod, p = 8400 m/s
Solution:
For Velocity of sound in air, using
For Velocity of sound in the rod using equation 3:

For Velocity of sound in the rod from textbook:
For percentage error of velocity of sound in the rod from equation 3 and velocity of sound in the rod
from textbook:
For Velocity of sound in the rod using equation 4:
For percentage error of velocity of sound in the rod from equation 4 and velocity of sound in the rod
from textbook:
DISCUSSION
The overall experience was not that enjoyable and it was quite messy to begin with. The students are
not able to actually experience the experiment since the given apparatus by the

Unsympathetics Or Advisors
Unsympathetics or Advisors?
The pictures of the deceased we all love decorating the walls of our homes on this special day is
known as the Day of the Dead. This day is for commemorating our loved ones who have sadly
abandoned us in this dimension we call life. It's a tradition to place the favorite objects of our loved
ones near their tombstone and celebrate the fact they existed . I pray along with my family while
remembering my grandfather's anecdotes and life lessons. We speak of the tragedy of our beloved
father, uncle, brother and to me grandfather that has left us. Tears and heartaches fill our souls, the
remembrance of our sweet old man cause us pain that's impossible to explain. It's the day where we
freely speak of his death without ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I personally am not skeptical about mediums but I am skeptical about deceivers. I'm aware that there
is people who feed on the agony and yearning of others and I would loathe to be the victim of a
fraud. I'm grateful that god has placed several fascinating human beings who can assist us on
overcoming the death of our beloved by granting us an opportunity of a lifetime of one last time
communicating with them. I appreciate the presence of these remarkable human beings, but I also
find it intolerable when they abuse of the beautiful gift god has granted them and utilize it as a
business possibility. In my opinion the desire of speaking to your beloved shouldn't have a price tag.
I ask god how we can distinguish between truth and false, but I sadly I have not received a response.
I suppose that if I ever locate a medium that my instinct will let me distinguish if it's true or false. I
think that by paying close regard to my instinct god will finally respond to my

The Importance Of Classroom Management
"Classroom management must reflect the personality and teaching style of the individual teacher
and is a skill that must be learned, practiced, and evaluated, and modified to fit the changing
situations in classrooms." (Burden, 2017) For a teacher to find their model of discipline that works
for them and their students it begins with trial and error. Nothing starts off smoothly but through
time a teacher can find a wave of motion on what method of discipline would work for the flow of
the classroom, the attitude of the students, and the teacher's personality and comfort level.
Throughout time teachers can find that flow of establishing the appropriate dominance in the
classroom, other than being the adult. One of the methods for establishing the dominance of the
classroom is to have clear expectations for the preferred behavior in the classroom, the teacher needs
to set in stone the rules and procedures, and by providing consequences for the disruptive student
behavior. The class can establish the rules and procedures through, possibly, a class discussion and
everyone, the students and teacher, can be on mutual circumstances. Besides the clarity of the rules
and procedures, the teacher needs acknowledge the students' behavior; having the ability to reinforce
between the acceptable behavior and the negative behavior and by respectfully putting out the
consequences for the unruly behavior.
Cooperation in the classroom will show the dominance and respect of both the students and teacher
in respect to the students' needs and opinions of the world around them. Cooperation focuses on the
class to function as a team. Finding the respect of the class could start by providing flexible learning
goals. Giving students that respect by letting them set their own milestones at the beginning of the
unit can give everyone the sense of cooperation and sends out the message that the teacher cares.
"A continuum showing a range of low to high teacher control can be used to illustrate the various
educational views, and the various discipline models can be placed on the continuum. A model of
discipline is a set of cohesive approaches to deal with establishing, maintaining, and restoring order
in the classroom that represent a

Essay on Ecoli
Assignment 1 for MCB 3020L Spring 2014 (due 2/24 or 2/26) Instructions: * Your answers have to
be typed and double spaced. * Put the date, your name and your TA's name on the cover page of this
assignment. * "Give a detailed explanation" means don't just give a one sentence answer. * Don't
forget to include your calculations and references!  Late assignments are not accepted for grading.
Questions: 1) Assume that you measure the OD of two E.coli cultures: culture A and culture B. The
spectrophotometer gives you a reading of 2.2 for culture A and 0.02 for culture B. What would you
do to determine the concentration of culture A and B and why? Give a detailed explanation!
For culture A the OD ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At 11:30am the
OD of a 1:10 dilution of the stock culture was 0.29. For culture "Y": 0.16 at
9:50am, 0.19 at 10:10am, 0.21 at 10:30, 0.24 at 10:50 am, 0.28 at 11:10am and 0.32 at 11:30am. A)
Draw the two graphs. B) What was the generation time of these cultures? C) What could be the
reason for the different growth pattern? Give a detailed explanation!
4) For a different experiment you are growing up Saccharomyces cerivisiae instead of E.coli. The
measured OD is 0.89. A) In order to calculate the concentration of the Saccharomyces cerivisiae
culture, can you use the equation that you use to calculate the concentration of an E.coli culture? If
yes or no, give a detailed explanation. B) Does E.coli or Saccharomyces cerivisiae have a shorter
generation time? Give a detailed explanation!
5) Your TA gives you an E.coli culture that has a concentration of 2000cells/ml. He/she tells you to
evenly spread 25µl of this culture on an LB agar plate and another 25µl on a GMS plate. Both plates
are incubated at 37oC. What do you expect to see the next day and why? Give a detailed
explanation!
6) You want to determine what the optimal pH is for E.coli to grow. How would you set up the
experiment? Give a detailed

Pros And Cons Of The Solow Paradox
<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology,
Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites
The PRODUCTIVE HARDWARE
The world is debating the Solow Paradox. Named after the Nobel laureate in economics, it was
stated by him thus: "You can see the computer age everywhere these days, except in the
productivity statistics". The venerable economic magazine, "The Economist" in its
issue dated July 24th, quotes the no less venerable Professor Robert Gordon ("one of
America's leading authorities on productivity") – p.20:
"...the productivity performance of the manufacturing sector of the United States economy
since 1995 has been abysmal rather than admirable. Not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This has been duly detected by Robert Gordon in his "Has the 'New Economy' rendered the
productivity slowdown obsolete?".
But for this increased productivity to trickle down to the rest of the economy a few conditions have
to be met.
The transition from old technologies to a new one (the computer renders many a technology
obsolete) must not involve too much "creative destruction". The costs of getting rid of
old hardware, software, of altering management techniques or adopting new ones, of shedding
redundant manpower, of searching for new employees to replace the unqualified or unqualifiable, of
installing new hardware, software and of training new people in all levels of the corporation are
enormous. They must never exceed the added benefits of the newly introduced technology in the
long run. Hence the crux of the debate. Is IT more expensive to introduce, run and maintain than the
technologies that it so confidently aims to replace? Will new technologies be spun off the core IT in
a pace sufficient to compensate for the disappearance of old ones? As the technology mature, will it
overcome its childhood maladies (lack of operational reliability, bad design, non–specificity,
immaturity of the first

How Can Different Methods of Listening to Music Have an...
Research Question: How can different methods of listening to music have an effect on the
transmission of musical sinusoidal waves? Introduction:
Music is a universal language. It is a part of culture that has been around for thousands of years,
dating back to the first recorded German flutist 40,000 years ago during the Stone Age. Lyrics and
sounds can be understood and interpreted independently, but it is how humans are able to take in
these sounds and interpret them that is often misunderstood. The biological and psychological
aspects of this process play an imperative role, including the idea that our hearing systems are based
solely on the cerebellum and physical movement, rather than chemical reactions which usually
evoke our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such efficiency will be determined by measuring the frequencies of songs using sine waves, the
volume at which a genre of music should be played can be understood. Efficiency is fully dependent
on atmospheric conditions, such as pressure. Using the sine function will help to analyze the
frequency in relation to the period, amplitude, and any possible shifts that may have an influence on
the production and receiving of music.
First, I will be using an EQu device to measure frequency (dB). This is considered the "original
source." Measurements of the frequencies are represented as sine waves, beginning at the 0
(indicated by the green line):
By doing so, the frequency, amplitude, and pitch can be analyzed. The frequency measures how fast
something vibrates, the amplitude measures how much something vibrates, and the pitch shows how
high or low the music can be perceived.
Sources: MacBook Air Speaker
3.7V Speaker
Headphones
Frequencies Using Various Sources of Music Production:
Example calculation of average media frequency:
(70.5+68.5+66.9+68.9+73.1+71.8)/2=69.95 dB
Table 1–
Genre Source Media Frequencies Average Frequency (dB)

Rock MacBook Air Speaker 70.5, 68.5, 66.9, 68.9, 73.1, 71.8 69.95
Rap MacBook Air Speaker 64.5, 73.7, 65.6, 69.8, 70.6, 72.1 69.38
Pop MacBook Air Speaker 63.9, 68.1, 68.8, 61.7, 70.3, 66.1 66.48
Classical MacBook Air Speaker 53.6, 55.8, 47.9, 46.1, 45.2, 44.3 48.82
Table

Radio Waves Significantly Impact Our Lives as Forms of...
Radio waves, a form of electromagnetic radiation, have had a significant impact on our daily life
because of their use as a form of communication. Radio waves have long wavelengths and have low
energy photon particles. Because they have low energy photons, they have lower frequencies when
compared to other forms of electromagnetic radiation, such as x– rays that have a higher frequency
despite having short wavelengths. Today, radio waves are used as a method to transmit and receive
information. Technology that makes use of radio waves includes telephones, television and more
popularly known the radio, which picks up signals from a radio antenna that is equipped with a
resonator that filters the signals received and as its name implies it resonates only with radio waves
of a certain frequency; this allows people to listen to different sounds at different frequencies. Radio
waves can be emitted by objects in space, such as planets, while radio waves that occur on Earth can
come from lightning.
Because radio waves are an essential aspect of our lives astronomers have been studying radio
waves in space for a long time. While astronomers have been able to detect radio waves from within
the solar system and from within the Milky Way galaxy, they have not been able to detect radio
waves originating from distant galaxies until recently. The National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) has detected radio bursts that come from outside of our galaxy. This
discovery proved

The Shallows Rhetorical Analysis Essay examples
The Shallows Rhetorical Analysis
In the book "The Shallows", Nicholas Carr develops his argument just as an architect would
construct a building. The foundation is laid then in tedious and eloquent manner, he begins an
argument that defines the book. Shedding light upon the dangers our society may encounter through
the internet, Carr uses personal anecdotes, parallels, ethic and reason based arguments, and disguises
himself as an authoritative figure to execute a view changing book.
Exerting personal anecdotes on the way the internet has changed him; Carr begins his book in a
subtle manner. He begins describing one of his first dilemma's, "I had become trapped, not
unhappily, in the "upgrade cycle" I retired the aging Plus in 1994, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Anything but non–existent, the parallel suggests that technology is having a definite change on our
"plastic" brains. New technologies mold us to their likings whether we adhere to them or not. And as
"mechanical clocks were not manufactured to spur the adoption of a more scientific mode of
thinking", the internet is not intended to create more adverted, shallow thinking humans. But all
behaviors prevailing show that it is. Acknowledging this fact, readers can either begin to challenge
that their life is being changed or affirm the conclusion. This parallel is exactly the strategy needed
to convince readers that it's an "invention's intellectual ethic that has the most profound effect on
us."
Before entering the final crest of Carr's gist, he reasons that many are bound to experience the
negative effects of the Net because of its versatility and resilience. Carr state's "Although mildly
disorienting at first, I quickly adjusted to the Kindle's screen and mastered the scroll and page–turn
buttons. Nevertheless, my eyes were restless and jumped around as they do when I try to read for a
sustained time on the computer." The uniqueness of the Kindle brought on new changes in the way
Carr was able to read, and describes the effects of reading on the device as distracting. He then
explains about the internet, "When the Net absorbs a medium, it re–creates that medium in its own
image. It not only dissolves the medium's physical

Wave Patterns
The Effect Mixing Has on the Wave Patterns of a Song
Anna Rezhko
Grade 10
Woodbridge High School
January 16, 2014
Miss Cooper
Abstract The purpose of the experiment was to find the objective difference between an original
song and an acoustic or a remix version of the same song. The expectation was that the difference
lies in the amount of contrast between the highest and lowest amplitude. Sound waves are created
when an object vibrates back and forth and they have amplitudes, wavelengths, and frequencies.
Sixty songs were analyzed in Audacity, a music program. Using the output, their amplitudes were
measured and compared with other versions having clean audio and the same artist. Most of the data
supported the hypothesis by stating ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The outliers to this was Lips Are Moving, Viva la Vida, Take me to Church, and Ice Ice Baby. A
possible reason for this is differences between recording circumstances. All artists have different
equipment and that impacts the sound quality. Unfortunately, this is a variable that couldn't have
been manipulated due to lack of resources and remains an issue in the experimental design. The
recording of Lips Are Moving especially had unusably low Greatest Amplitude readings: 0.20, 0.17,
and 0.18 cm. This is probably a flawed recording, not a program error, because all three trials were
outliers and the rest of the songs had different results. Ideally, in future experiments, all the artists
should be brought in to one studio and had them record in the exact same circumstances with the
same

The Impact Of Pre Employment Tests On Children And Public...
The advent of computers resulted in the replacement of paper–and–pencil tests as the primary
medium of test delivery, with computerized versions, overseen by a proctor. Technological
innovations such as surveillance equipment, and random sampling from large item pools, evolved to
aid in minimizing cheating during proctored tests (Gibby et al., 2009; Bartram 2009). The following
proliferation of high speed internet into homes and public settings allowed some employers to adopt
UIT in order to cut costs of pre–employment test administration while reaching a more diverse pool
of applicants. Many selection officials, however, continue to use proctored tests for preliminary
screening of applicants. The reasons for some selection officials resistance to adopting UIT has yet
to be researched. Perceptions of pre–employment tests Previous research has examined selection
officials ' use and perceptions of various types of pre–employment tests used to measure a variety of
constructs. Researchers have also examined factors likely to contribute to selection officials ' choice
to use a particular test. A qualitative study by König, Jöri, and Knüsel (2011) served as a basis for
examining how selection officials choose pre–employment tests by investigating how Swiss human
resource (HR) managers perceived various selection instruments and the constructs on which these
instruments were compared. Their results suggest that the constructs used to compare selection
instruments vary widely

The Shallows Chapter 5 Analysis
Technology is an essential part of the American life and it's constantly changing with the newer
generations. A few people view technology as a positive addition to life while others believe it is a
negative thing and will take over their lives. Nicholas G. Carr a well known American, the author of
The Shallows a novel about the various distractions that come with internet and how people are
losing key skills. In the start of the book the negative effects of modern technology on the masses.
Carr's argument is effective and flawed for various reasons such as don't include the helpful
advances have improved education, medical field and business. A medium of the most general
nature is the title of chapter five, this chapter reflects how the modern medium now embedded into
society and difficult to notice. Net differs is a section in this chapter how social networks functions
in more the one way. Social media is bidirectional considering it has to jobs allow people to people
interactive with one another online as well as other communication since messages can be sent back
and forth. Society is "interactivity of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Understanding the effects of new technologies on society. Steady decline in the production of books
and newspapers. Very few people still use these things. People see these things as an inconvenience
when these things can be viewed online. There is no need for people to call or meet up with
someone to discuss what's been going on. Instead someone might just send there cousin in Florida a
quick Facebook message. People are fine with this type of interaction considering it involves less
work and gives one more time to do other things. It takes a few clicks to complain about one's order
coming late, instead of having to make a phone call, talk to a machine, then wait and wait. People
like to get things in their time and lack in

Sound Waves Lab
To fully understand how to determine the velocity of sound in air, many concepts have to be
understood prior to the experiment. Sound waves transmitted through a fluid are a type of
longitudinal wave. These mechanical waves are formed when energy passes through a medium and
moves particles in the same direction or parallel to the energy. The particles move in a series of high
pressure and low pressure regions. The energy will compress some areas of the medium, creating a
high pressure region. In between these high pressure regions will be a rarefaction, these are the low
pressure regions (Figure 1). As the energy moves through the medium the sections of high and low
pressure will move. Through a complete process the particles move slightly as they will oscillate
around their original position.
Figure 1: Compression and rarefaction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is 21m/s below the accepted value of speed in air at 0 ℃. At 24.4 ℃ the accepted value is
345m/s, 35m/s faster than the experimental value. Assuming that the speed of sound at any
temperature can be measured from a simple calculation, this experiment can be used to measure the
frequency of an unmarked tuning fork. By completing the experiment in the exact same process one
can determine the wavelength. Once the wavelength was determined using the temperature the
speed could be calculated. Both wavelength and speed are variables in the velocity of sound formula
(v = ƛf ). Using algebra, frequency could be determined by substituting wavelength and speed. The
percent error for this lab could have been affected by not accurately determining the point of which
the sound reached its loudest point. If the peak of sound was not measured accurately, the
experimental value would be off the actual measurement. This would effect the wavelength which
would in turn directly affect the speed value because the frequency was a given, constant

Why Do Instruments Have Its Own Unique Sound

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