GeoServer is an open-source server that allows users to share, process, and edit geospatial data by publishing it using open standards. It can easily connect spatial data to web maps and provides OGC standard outputs like WMS, WFS, WCS. GeoServer manages data through a structure of workspaces containing data stores that hold layers, which can be grouped and published as map services. It supports a variety of data formats and capabilities like serving raster maps through WMS, returning vector features through WFS, and handling raster coverages with WCS.