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The document discusses the author's internship at Mayo Clinic, providing an overview of ultrasound imaging, its history, and applications in medicine. It explains how ultrasound works, including the role of transducers and the importance of gel for effective imaging. Additionally, it highlights the differences between ultrasound and other imaging modalities, focusing on the absence of ionizing radiation.
![SOUND
[1] - http://healthstoriesforkids.com/the-journey-of-ear-infections/
[2] - http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/tralon.html
[1]
[2]
Mechanical Electric
18](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/wiebpptx-151109003904-lva1-app6892/85/WIEB-18-320.jpg)
![What frequency can humans hear? -> 20Hz - 20kHz
[3] - http://healingsounds.co.za/content/about-sound-1
[3]
Ultrasound = f>20kHz
19](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/wiebpptx-151109003904-lva1-app6892/85/WIEB-19-320.jpg)
![IF HUMANS CANNOT HEAR IT… WHY IS THAT IMPORTANT?
[4] - http://www.raymarine.com/view/?id=3173
History:
– First practical application, 1912 unsuccessful search
for Titanic
– WWII brought massive military research-SONAR
(SOund Navigation And Ranging) -> SONAR
– Mid-century used for non-destructive testing of
materials
– First used as diagnostic tool in 1942 for localizing
brain tumors
– 1950’s 2D gray scale images
– 1965 real-time imaging
20](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/wiebpptx-151109003904-lva1-app6892/85/WIEB-20-320.jpg)
WIEB
- 1. BRUNO OTILIO Ciência sem Fronteiras Internship at Mayo Clinic
- 2. INTRODUCTION Places that I lived on Bloomington, IN Brookings, SD Rochester, MN A brief definition on Ultrasound What is that? Internship Mayo Clinic Elastography My fronts
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- 6. There were squirrels on everywhere!! 6
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- 14. ROCHESTER, MN 14
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- 16. “THE FUN TIME FINISHED AND THE WORK TIME HAS BEGUN” Stewie Griffin - Family Guy 16
- 17. ULTRA-WHAT? What is a sound? 17
- 18. SOUND [1] - http://healthstoriesforkids.com/the-journey-of-ear-infections/ [2] - http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/tralon.html [1] [2] Mechanical Electric 18
- 19. What frequency can humans hear? -> 20Hz - 20kHz [3] - http://healingsounds.co.za/content/about-sound-1 [3] Ultrasound = f>20kHz 19
- 20. IF HUMANS CANNOT HEAR IT… WHY IS THAT IMPORTANT? [4] - http://www.raymarine.com/view/?id=3173 History: – First practical application, 1912 unsuccessful search for Titanic – WWII brought massive military research-SONAR (SOund Navigation And Ranging) -> SONAR – Mid-century used for non-destructive testing of materials – First used as diagnostic tool in 1942 for localizing brain tumors – 1950’s 2D gray scale images – 1965 real-time imaging 20
- 21. SONOGRAPHY ULTRASOUND IMAGING ➤It uses high-frequency sound waves to view inside the body. ➤They can also show movement of the body's internal organs as well as blood flowing through the blood vessels. ➤Unlike X-ray imaging, there is no ionizing radiation exposure associated with ultrasound imaging. ➤A transducer is placed directly on the skin or inside a body opening. ➤ Gel is applied to the skin so that the ultrasound waves are transmitted from the transducer through the gel into the body. ➤The ultrasound image is produced based on the reflection of the waves off of the body structures. ➤The strength (amplitude) of the sound signal and the time it takes for the wave to travel through the body provide the information necessary to produce an image.http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/245491.php?page=2 http://www.fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/RadiationEmittingProductsandProcedures/MedicalImaging/ucm115357.htm 21
- 22. HOW IS ULTRASOUND CREATED? GE LogiQ 7 Transducers http://www.vaultrasound.com/educational-resources/ultrasound-physics/transducers/ Verasonics In medicine, ultrasound (f > 1 MHz) is used to detect changes in appearance, size or contour of organs, tissues, and vessels or detect abnormal masses, such as tumors. Radiologyinfo.org (typically 20–600 V at 1 kHz). 22
- 23. TRANSDUCERS AND IMAGING ➤ Transducer element: > 256 elements measuring 1mm X 10 mm each. ➤ Real-Time US -> 16 frames/sec must be displayed. ➤ Doppler Ultrasound: Doppler ultrasound, a special application of ultrasound, measures the direction and speed of blood cells as they move through vessels. Acoustic waves’ velocity depends of the medium. http://ultrasound-scanner.com/5-2-color-doppler-ultrasound-system.html 23
- 24. ULTRASOUND QUANTITIES AND UNITS ➤ Frequency: The range of 2 - 10 MHz. ➤ Propagation Speed: Typically, 1540 m/sec for soft tissue. ➤ Pulsed ultrasound: To achieve the depth of resolution (milliseconds) ➤ US interaction with tissue: Attenuation ➤ Angle of Incidence (Snell’s law) 24 Gel is important for that!! Transducer High frequency Low frequency better resolution weak resolution attenuation attenuation
- 25. REFERENCES ➤ John E. Aldrich, PhD. Basic physics of ultrasound imaging ➤ Jens E. Wilhjelm, Andreas Illum, Martin Kristensson and Ole Trier Andersen. Medical diagnostic ultrasound - physical principles and imaging. Biomedical Engineering, DTU Elektro Technical University of Denmark ➤ P N T Wells. Ultrasonic imaging of the human body. Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering and Centre for Physics and Engineering Research in Medicine, Bristol General Hospital, Bristol BS1 6SY, UK. 25