WIOLAB Achievements, Best Practices and Challenges
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The Nairobi Convention is a regional agreement between 10 coastal East African countries aimed at protecting the Western Indian Ocean from land-based pollution. A UNDP/GEF-funded project addressed this issue through various activities between 2005-2010. These included creating a plan to reduce coastal stress, strengthening laws around pollution, and building capacity in the region. The project conducted demonstrations of wastewater management and other technologies, and helped develop national action plans. However, challenges remained around limited capacity and overambitious goals. Continued support is needed to fully implement the Strategic Action Program and Protocol developed under the Nairobi Convention.
WIOLAB Achievements, Best Practices and Challenges
- 1. o Nairobi Convention Doris Mutta Regional Seas (Nairobi Conventions) Division of Environmental Policy Implementation (DEPI) UNEP, UN Gigiri Complex P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi, Kenya doris.mutta@unep.org http://www.unep.org/NairobiConvention/ http://www.unep.org/AbidjanConvention/ NAIROBI CONVENTION The Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Western Indian Ocean 1st African Regional Targeted Workshop for GEF IW Projects Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, 2 – 4 April 2012
- 2. Nairobi Convention The Convention Area • An umbrella regional legal framework and a platform for collaboration between countries and agencies in the WIO region • The Nairobi Convention area extends from Somalia - Republic of South Africa covering 10 states, 5 of which are island states in the Western Indian Ocean • Convention area has a 15,000 km coastline; with diverse ecosystems • The WIO region had a combined population of over 178 million in 2007. 60 million live within 100 km of the Coast
- 3. Least ecologically disturbed Marine and Coastal ecosystems provide ecological services, livelihoods and national economic development In Republic of South Africa in 2000 good services valued at $25b, and indirect benefits at $19 billion Over 60 million coastal population Fisheries, tourism, shipping, industry, etc Fisheries 4.8% of global catch (4.5m tonnes per year) Threats: anthropogenic and natural causes: (over exploitation, climate change, pollution- marine and land based, etc) UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 3
- 4. Project Addressing Land- Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO-LaB Project 2005 – 2010 Nairobi Convention&UNOPS) Urbanisation, Tourism, industries, agriculture, etc UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 4
- 5. Nairobi Convention Objectives 1. Reducing stress to the ecosystem by improving water and sediment quality 2. Strengthen regional legal basis for preventing land based sources of pollution, including implementation of GPA 3. Develop regional capacity and strengthen institutions in the Western Indian ocean for sustainable, less polluting development including implementation of the Nairobi Convention UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 5
- 6. Nairobi Convention Major Outputs/Outcomes: a) A geographically- focused final transboundary diagnostic analysis (TDA) for the Western Indian Ocean region focused on land based activities and sources of pollution degrading the coastal and marine environment b) A Strategic Action Programme on the protection of the coastal and marine environment of the Western Indian Ocean from land based activities and sources (WIO-SAP) c) A protocol for the protection of the Western Indian Ocean coastal and marine environment from land-based sources and activities d) The Regional clearinghouse mechanism and information sharing system (CHM and ISS) for the Eastern Africa coastal and marine environment e) Demonstration projects implemented in Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Seychelles, Comoros, Mauritius and Madagascar
- 7. Nairobi Convention Key Results • Objective 1: Reduced stress on the coastal and marine environment through improved water and sediment quality • Monitoring programmes for water, sediment and biota quality • National and regional expert groups on water, sediment, and biota quality; and municipal wastewater management for information sharing preparation of national and regional status reports on pollution status and municipal wastewater (hotspot areas and recommendations) • Demonstration projects on wastewater management implemented in Kenya, Tanzania, Mauritius and Seychelles • The activities sensitised and raised awareness to the participating countries on the problem of pollution as well as destruction of critical habitats and the need to take remedial measures in order to safeguard goods and services offered by these ecosystems • The activities built the capacity of participating countries for initiation of long-term water, sediment and biota monitoring programmes and enforcement of regulations
- 8. Nairobi Convention Objective 2 Strengthen regional legal basis for preventing land based sources of pollution, including implementation of GPA • National and regional expert groups on Legal and Technical Review; EIA – to prepare national and regional reports on gaps in policies, legal, and institutional frameworks; ratification of multilateral environment conventions relevant to land based sources and activities; and EIA approaches – Revision of the Nairobi Convention for the protection, management and development of the coastal and marine environment in the Eastern and Southern Africa region – A protocol for the protection of the Western Indian Ocean coastal and marine environment from land-based sources and activities – EIA toolkit that provides guidelines on comprehensive EIA – Approaches for mainstreaming coastal and marine environment into planning, budgetary and development processes (GPA) Capacity building workshops undertaken The activities have contributed in strengthening the regional legal basis for preventing land based sources of pollution. The impacts will become evident when participating countries put in place policy, legal and institutional mechanisms of addressing land based sources of pollution
- 9. Nairobi Convention Objective 3 Develop regional capacity and strengthen institutions in the Western Indian ocean for sustainable, less polluting development including implementation of the Nairobi Convention The activities played a crucial role in strengthening the participating institutions including the implementation of the Nairobi Convention • Education and Training Needs assessments. Capacity building and Education programmes in leadership and respective technical fields • Transboundary diagnostic analysis focused on land based activities and sources of pollution degrading the coastal and marine environment of the Western Indian Ocean was successfully prepared • A Strategic Action Programme on the protection of the coastal and marine environment of the Western Indian Ocean from land based activities and sources (WIO-SAP) • The Regional clearinghouse mechanism and information sharing system (CHM and ISS) for the Eastern Africa coastal and marine environment • Preparation of NPAs for addressing land-based sources and activities of pollution in Seychelles, Mauritius, Mozambique, Tanzania and Kenya initiated processes
- 10. Nairobi Convention Demonstration Projects (hotspots/sensitive areas) • The projects demonstrated sustainable approaches and technologies for wastewater management in participating countries: innovative, appropriate, cost effective technical and managerial approaches. Other demo projects focused on community based management and sensitization of local communities on the approaches for sustainable development of the coastal and marine environment. 1. Solid waste management as Port Louis harbor in Mauritius 2. Shimo la Tewa Prison wastewater management in Kenya 3. Storm water and wastewater drainage management in Chake Chake, Pemba Zanzibar 4. Sustainable mangrove management in Lumbo, Mozambique through reduction of anthropogenic pressure on the ecosystem 5. Small scale decentralised wastewater treatment and disposal system applying sub-surface flow reed beds for housing complexes in Mahe Seychelles 6. Development of ecotourism in a marine park in Toliara, Madagascar UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 10
- 11. Nairobi Convention Demonstration Projects Sub-Surface flow Constructed Wetland In SSF systems water flow through a porous media such as gravels or aggregates in which the plants are rooted Inexpensive to construct, easy to maintain, tolerant to fluctuating loads, indirect benefits as wildlife habitats UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 11
- 13. Nairobi Convention Challenges and Lessons Learned • Project design relied too much on the limited capacity of the national focal institutions e.g. NPAs, demonstration projects, coordination • Project goals were too ambitious e.g. reduction of stress// • Project design included outputs that rely heavily on political processes that are beyond the (immediate) control of the project • Project management was complicated by dual accounting system and burdensome its better to have one institution managing funds • Embedding of project within the Convention considerably strengthens the Convention as a long-term governance mechanism • The on-the-ground demonstration projects not only provide important examples of appropriate approaches, but are also very valuable in terms of achieving stakeholder buy-in • The Project workplan did not account for sufficient lead-in time • Building partnerships and a broad stakeholder basis strengthens project outcome and sustainability • Focus of training at governance/leadership level pays out • There is a lot happening already, but there is also a strong need for UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 13 continuous catalytic action in order to keep momentum
- 14. Development of National Programmes of Action 5 countries engaged in Nairobi Convention UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 14 developing National Programmes of Action: • Tanzania • Kenya • South Africa • Mauritius • Seychelles
- 15. Nairobi Convention Capacity Needs • Capacity for implementation of large projects in participating countries e.g. NPAs, ICZM strategies, implementation of monitoring programmes and technologies rather than rely on consultants • Capacity of national focal points to implement multiple projects at national level , project management units at national level with adequate resources FOLLOW UP STEPS: IMPLEMENTING THE WIO-SAP a) Critical Habitats b) Ensuring water quality c) River Flows wisely managed d) Governance and Stakeholder involvement • WIOSAP PIF • Support to ratification of the LBSA protocol • UNEP Africa Marine and Coastal Programme • Development of ICZM pUrNoEPto/GcEoF lWIO-LaB Project 15
- 16. Nairobi Convention SIDS IWRM for Atlantic and Indian Ocean Island states • PPG process completed in 2010; Prodoc - CEO endorsed and approved 2011; Implementation 2012 (Water quality, climate change vulnerability) • Overall Goal:‘ To contribute to sustainable development in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans Small Island Developing States through improvements in water resource and environmental management’ • Objective: ‘To accelerate progress in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans SIDS on WSSD targets on IWRM/WUE plans and water supply and sanitation MDGs through adoption and implementation of an integrated approach to water resource management and water use efficiency, including policy, institutional and legislative reforms, demonstration of more effective technologies and methodologies for the protection and utilization of ground and surface waters, and the learning and exchange of best practices’ UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 16
- 17. Nairobi Convention SIDS IWRM for Atlantic and Indian Ocean Island States • Component C1 will use country-driven and designed demonstration activities focusing on sustainable water management to utilize Ridge to Reef IWRM approaches to bring significant environmental stress reduction benefits. Demonstration projects will act as catalysts for replication and scaling-up approaches to improve national water resources management, and regionally to support the Atlantic and Indian Ocean SIDS in reducing land based pollutants from entering the ocean. • Component C2 will develop an IWRM and WUE Regional Indicator Framework based on improved data collection and indicator feedback and action for improved national and regional sustainable development using water as an entry point. • Component C3 will focus on Policy, Legislative, and Institutional Reform for IWRM and WUE through supporting institutional change and re-alignment to enact National IWRM Plans and WUE strategies, including appropriate financing mechanisms and supporting and building further political will to endorse IWRM policies and plans. • Component C4 provides a Capacity Building and Sustainability Programme for IWRM and WUE, including Knowledge Exchange and Learning and Replication. UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 17
- 18. Nairobi Convention Experience Sharing • Regional Clearinghouse Mechanism • Regional Stock-taking Workshops for projects in the WIO region UNEP/GEF WIO-LaB Project 18
- 19. Nairobi Convention THANK YOU Please visit www.unep.org/NairobiConvention