WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SECURITY AND IT’S PROTECTION METHODSWIRELESS COMMUNICATION SECURITY AND IT’S PROTECTION METHODS

International Journal of Distributed and Parallel systems (IJDPS) Vol 15, No. 2/3/4/5/6, November 2024
DOI: 10.5121/ijdps.2024.15601 1
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SECURITY AND IT’S
PROTECTION METHODS
Nikitha Merilena Jonnada
PhD in Information Technology (Information Security Emphasis), University of the
Cumberlands, Williamsburg, Kentucky, USA
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the author discusses the concerns of using various wireless communications and how to use
them safely. The author also discusses the future of the wireless industry, wireless communication
security, protection methods, and techniques that could help organizations establish a secure wireless
connection with their employees. The author also discusses other essential factors to learn and note when
manufacturing, selling, or using wireless networks and wireless communication systems.
KEYWORDS
Wireless, Network, Security, Hackers, VPN, IP address.
1. INTRODUCTION
Many individuals and organizations widely use wireless communications. They allow many
industries to develop new manufacturing ideas and provide various wireless communication
methods. The technology that we have today supports a wide range and variety of wireless
devices. Previously, almost all the devices humans used were wired devices, which helped the
users use the electricity to use a device. Wireless devices were introduced to make the user's
usage easy. In today’s world, we want everything to be wireless and easy. The technology has
advanced so much that we even have self-driving cars, a faster network, high-resolution camera
lenses, wireless charging, and voice command devices. Wireless communication has made our
lives easy. We even want to use wireless technology to charge our mobiles. We use wireless
keyboards, mouse, printers, remotes, gaming consoles, and many other wireless devices. Wi-Fi
is another wireless connectivity for the internet [1].
Wireless devices help humans multi-task. For example, we can play a game on the television and
use a voice command to play music on a speaker. Even when wireless technology makes our
lives easy, it has many drawbacks and security concerns. Wireless devices are more prone to be
attacked or hacked by a hacker as these devices support a connection to both authorized and
unauthorized Wi-Fi networks. Many suppliers provide open Wi-Fi at coffee shops and
restaurants, letting users connect while away from their home network. The hackers could easily
access these open networks and, in turn, become a threat to the connected users as their data gets
exposed within that network. We need to be careful when connecting to an unrecognized
network as sometimes these networks could be a trap for hackers to steal the data from the users
who get connected to that network.

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2. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• Are there too many security concerns with wireless connections?
• Do wireless protection methods work to provide security?
3. WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY
Security can be an issue with almost everything being developed and used with wireless
technology. Another issue could be the connectivity range. Security is the central issue still
being longed for, even with extreme technological advancements. Humans were able to increase
the internet speeds, provide a broader range for Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, and create robots using
artificial intelligence and machine learning. However, security standards still need to be
improved.
Whenever we develop a new solution to provide security to data and devices, hackers tend to
surpass our efforts by introducing a new technique to hack into our systems and steal our data.
The developers use encryption methods for wireless communication to secure the connection
between the two devices, such as a wireless keyboard. The connection here gets established
between the keyboard and the laptop or the other device we are trying to use for the wireless
keyboard. Encryption is one method that the developers use to provide a secure connection
between the parties so that an intruder cannot eavesdrop or illegally access the data [2].
Many wireless connections come with numerous security concerns. A wireless network could be
more convenient, but hackers also use it as a hacking medium. Many organizations use cloud
networks to store their information, which would help authorized users access the required data
remotely. As the cloud is a virtual storage location, it can get exposed to many unauthorized
users trying to gain network access. Organizations increasingly adapt to artificial intelligence
(AI) and machine learning (ML). Robotics is an exciting and interactive platform. This can make
the tasks easy for us, but like the wireless networks, even AL and ML have many limitations and
security concerns. Even with advanced technologies like AI and ML, the primary security
concern is the data fed to the automated devices [3].
A robot that functions as needed is programmed in a particular way to achieve the desired
results. A large amount of data gets fed for the robot to listen, process the information, and
respond to the user’s command as needed. This data could be at risk as the robot is still a
machine working on the data and internet or a medium prone to hacks. AI is trying to achieve
the required security through its processes. Still, no machine or network can achieve complete
security, even with the daily introduction of many new technologies, software, and hacking
methods. Security is the primary concern with the Internet of Things (IoT). No matter how
advanced the methodologies are, hackers tend to introduce a technique that questions the set
security standards [4].

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Figure 1. Wireless Communication
4. WIRELESS PROTECTION METHODS
4.1. Encryption
The data and the connection must be encrypted for safety when establishing a wireless
connection. This is one method the organizations use when developing wireless devices. The
established connection must be secure, or the customers will not prefer to purchase or use the
wireless devices or connections. When transferring data over a wireless medium, it is safe to
encrypt it as it could still be protected even if an unauthorized user tries to access the
information by hacking it.
Encryption is a standard method many organizations use to achieve a secure and safe data
transfer. As the hackers target wireless and cloud mediums to gain access to the data, it is
essential to practice safety while handling the data [5].
Figure 2. Encryption

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4.2. VPN (Virtual Private Network)
Wireless usage has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. Many organizations have adapted
to the work-from-home culture for the safety of their customers. When working from home, the
employee needs a VPN (Virtual Private Network) to connect remotely to the central server to
access the data and stay connected with the organization. When this connection is enabled, the
IP address of the employees’ system gets masked, making it hard for the hacker to trace. This is
another reason many organizations continue to use remote work. Security could be a concern as
the user gets connected remotely to the organization's database, where large amounts of
organizational data get stored. The hackers could target the remote workers as they try to
connect to their organization over an unsecured internet connection. The data and the established
connection are safe if the user uses a secured connection. [6].
Figure 3. How Wireless Security Works
4.3. Authentication
When setting up wireless communication, we always see a notification or an authentication
message that tells us that the connection is secure and that it is being established only between
the two devices or parties we are trying to connect. Let’s say we are trying to connect a wireless
headphone to a laptop. Once the connection gets established, we can use the headphones without
issues. If we try to connect another device to the same wireless headphone, we would have to
disconnect it from the laptop to connect it to another device. This is one way the companies tell
their users that their connection is protected [7].

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Figure 4. Authentication
5. FIREWALLS AND INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS (IDS)
Firewalls and intrusion detection systems protect the network from external attacks and
intruders. They help protect the networks and systems from external sources. These act as the
first layer of defense against external viruses and activities that try to enter the network [8].
5.1. Firewall
A firewall is an essential network security system that helps monitor and control incoming and
outgoing traffic. This is based on the security rules that the security analysts predefine. A
firewall protects organizations by establishing a barrier between their internal trusted network
and an untrusted external network like the Internet [8].
5.2. Types of Firewalls
5.2.1. Packet-Filtering Firewalls
This firewall operates at the network layer. This helps examine various data packets to determine
if external traffic is from a trust based on the predefined rules. This helps block traffic from the
entry point [8].
5.2.2. Stateful Inspection Firewalls
This firewall helps track the state of the actively established connections and makes the
necessary decisions depending on the traffic data. Unlike a packet-filtering firewall, a stateful
inspection firewall helps keep track of the session state. This type of firewall checks if an
established connection is part of the existing communication or if it is unauthorized and
responds accordingly [8].
5.2.3. Proxy Firewalls
This type of firewall acts as a bridge between the services and the users by forwarding the
requests on the user's behalf. This firewall provides an extra layer of protection by hiding the
details of the internal network [8].

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5.2.4. Next-Generation Firewalls (NGFW)
This type of firewall combines traditional features with additional functions like deep packet
inspection (DPI), filtering, application awareness, and intrusion prevention systems (IPS). This
helps block specific applications and provides control over encrypted traffic [8].
5.3. Key Features of Firewalls
5.3.1. Traffic Filtering
This type of firewall blocks unauthorized access to the network and filters the traffic based on
rules like IP address, ports, and protocols [8].
5.3.2. Network Address Translation (NAT)
NAT conceals internal network addresses, making it difficult for attackers to target specific
devices inside a network [8].
5.3.3. Virtual Private Network (VPN) Support
Many firewalls support VPN connections by providing safe access to a remote network [8].
5.3.4. Logging and Alerts
A firewall helps log the traffic data to generate alerts by detecting any suspicious activity and
allows the network administrators to monitor and respond to various threats [8].
5.4. Benefits of Firewalls
• Firewalls help prevent unauthorized access and users from entering the system and
network.
• They help protect internal networks from various external threats.
• They help control traffic by enabling security analysts to control network traffic.
• They help the analysts track malicious acts and potential attacks by alerting them as
needed.
• They help improve the network's performance by blocking unnecessary traffic and
reducing the overload or burden on the networks [8].
6. INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS (IDS)
6.1. Network-Based IDS (NIDS)
NIDS monitors the network traffic to detect any suspicious activities and security breaches that
are happening within the network. It analyzes data packets that pass through the network and
alerts administrators to potential threats. It helps detect unusual traffic patterns like large traffic
volumes from one IP address, indicating a DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack [9].
6.2. Host-Based IDS (HIDS)
HIDS is usually installed on individual host systems to monitor and analyze various activities
that happen on that system. It checks for unauthorized or malicious activities, changes in system

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logs or files, login and logout times, and checks if any unauthorized software gets installed. It
detects if files change within the system and if malware gets installed [9].
6.3. Signature-Based IDS
Signature-based IDS uses predefined signatures or patterns to identify known attacks. It works
like an antivirus scanner, matching incoming traffic with a database of attack signatures. An
SQL injection gets detected, and the system sends an alert [9].
6.4. Anomaly-Based IDS
Anomaly-based IDS establishes a baseline of regular network activity and alerts when deviations
from this baseline occur. It is more effective at detecting unknown or new types of attacks. A
sudden surge in network traffic or unfamiliar requests might trigger an alert if they fall outside
typical patterns [9].
6.5. Hybrid IDS
As the name suggests, hybrid IDS functions like signature-based and anomaly-based detection
methods. It helps organizations by providing a more feasible solution for detecting known and
unknown attacks. Hybrid IDS uses signatures to detect known malware and helps analyze traffic
patterns to determine various attacks [9].
7. CONCLUSION
Connections like Wi-Fi, hotspot, and Bluetooth might come with certain limitations. Sometimes,
these connections could get hacked when connected to an unsecured internet. For example, when
we connect our device to a home network, it is secure as we set a password to our network, and
only we would know the password. But when we connect our device to an open internet
connection at a coffee shop, the connection could be more robust with solid firewalls. We must
be careful while establishing a connection using our devices to protect our data from getting
stolen. Every innovation has its advantages and disadvantages. We must learn about it before
using it. Wireless networks have drawbacks, but many individuals and organizations widely use
them for many purposes. By following specific measures, we can protect our data using wireless
connections and mediums from getting stolen or hacked.
REFERENCES
[1] Islam, M., & Jin, S. (2019). Advances in Wireless Communications and Networks.
[2] Rong, B. (2023). Security in Wireless Communication Networks. 10-11.
[3] Zhu, G., Liu, D., Du, Y., You, C., Zhang, J., & Huang, K. (2020). Toward an Intelligent Edge:
Wireless Communication Meets Machine Learning. 19-25.
[4] Han, X., Zhiqin, W., Li, D., Tian, W., Liu, X., Liu, W., . . . Ning, Y. (2024). AI enlightens wireless
communication: A transformer backbone for CSI feedback. 1-14.
[5] Khashan, O. A., Ahmad, R., & Khafajah, N. M. (2021). An automated lightweight encryption
scheme for secure and energy-efficient communication in wireless sensor networks. 1-1000.
[6] Wang, H. L., Ma, H. F., & Cui, T. J. (2022). A Polarization-Modulated Information Metasurface
for Encryption Wireless Communications.
[7] Bai, L., Zhu, L., Liu, J., Choi, J., & Zhang, W. (2020). Physical layer authentication in wireless
communication networks: A survey. 237 - 264.
[8] Mukkamala, P. P., & Rajendran, S. (2020). A Survey on the Different Firewall Technologies.
[9] Lansky, J., Ali, S., Mohammadi, M., Majeed, M. K., Karim, S. H., Rashidi, S., . . . Rahmani, A. M.
(2021). Deep Learning-Based Intrusion Detection Systems: A Systematic Review.

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AUTHOR
Nikitha Merilena Jonnada earned her PhD in Information Technology (Information
Security Emphasis) from the University of the Cumberlands in 2024. The author is
continuing her research within the security emphasis and is also expanding her research
into artificial intelligence and machine learning to develop security measures using the
latest technology standards.

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