![DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 17
SPECIFICATIONS :
Pin Count 28/32
Flash (Bytes) 32K
SRAM (Bytes) 2K
EEPROM (Bytes) 1K
Interrupt Vector Size (instruction word/vector) 1/1/2
General Purpose I/O Lines 23
SPI 2
TWI (I2C) 1
USART 1
ADC 10-bit 15kSPS
ADC Channels 8
8-bit Timer/Counters 2
16-bit Timer/Counters 1
PORT NO.3 (PIN AO –A5) : Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up
resistors (selected for each bit). The PC[5:0] output buffers have symmetrical drive
characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are
externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port
C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.
PIN NO. 3,5,6,9,10,11 use for pulse width modulation speed control
The Atmel AVR® core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working
registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU),
allowing two independent registers to be accessed in a single instruction executed in one clock
cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten
times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/speedvgtech-200601191101/85/Wireless-Speed-Control-of-AC-DC-motor-17-320.jpg)
Wireless Speed Control of AC/DC motor
- 1. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 1 A PROJECT REPORT ON “WIRELESS SPEED CONTROL OF AC/DC MOTOR” SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT IN B.TECH BY MR.VAIBHAV V GHATOL. REG NO: 20160273 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE-402103, DIST-RAIGAD, MAHARASHTRA. 2016-2017
- 2. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 2 Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University “Vidyavihar” Lonere-402103 Tal:Mangaon,Dist:Raigad (Maharashtra State) India (Phone 02140-275081) CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the mini-project submitted which is entitled as, “WIRELESS SPEED CONTROL OF AC/DC MOTOR” Submitted by, MR. VAIBHAV V GHATOL. REG NO: 20160273 is a record of term work carried out by his under my guidance in the partial fulfilment of academic requirement of Fourth semester of B. Tech. in Electrical Engineering course of Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere (Dist. Raigad) in the academic year 2016-2017. Date: _ / _ / 2017 PROF. M.F.A.R. SATARKAR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGG. PLACE: LONERE, DIST: RAIGAD
- 3. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 3 ABSTRACT Now a days there are large number of good-quality motors and there speed controls available in the market but it is of cost effective. A speed control with both low cost and good performance will be highly marketable.On the other hand, the wireless technology has a nature of low cost and less environmental limitations. Combining these ideas together this concept of a High performable low-cost low-loss wireless speed control of dc motor is developed. As many of the industries use induction motors. So, controlling of induction motor plays a very vital role. So,our project concentrates on controlling the speed of induction motor using Android phone remotely by the help of the Bluetooth technology. We use Android application which uses Bluetooth to connect to the Bluetooth modem of control circuit which is connected to the motor. Bluetooth modem is interfaced with microcontroller. The Bluetooth slave modem receives the command from the mobile phone. The Bluetooth modem sends the signal to the Microcontroller. The Microcontroller decodes the signal and sends to the relays. Then, respective relay operates to change the speed of Induction motor from 0% to 100%. We are not only controlling the speed of the Induction motor, using feedback network we can also detect the over temperature, high voltage, low voltage, MCB tripping on account of any faults. And we are also adding an extra application which is very important in industries. That is, monitoring of phase lines. Because these types of uncertainties like over temperature, high voltage, low voltage etc are likely to happen in Industries. So, this project will be very helpful in industries, house hold, shopping malls etc.
- 4. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT As we began to reflect on magnitude of this mini-project, we are overwhelmed by the guidance and support extended by my teachers, friends and others. There is difficulty in assigning the hierarchy since it has been true effort from beginning. we would like to express my sincere gratitude and like to mention that this work would not have been possible without time to time guidance provided by my facilitator PROF. M.F.A.R. SATARKAR. we have been greatly benefited by his valuable suggestions, constant encouragement, moral boasting support & patience throughout his work. We are thankful to all teaching & non-teaching staff of department of electrical engineering of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere. MR.VAIBHAV V GHATOL. (20160273)
- 5. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 5 INDEX SR. NO. NAME OF TOPIC PAGE NO. 1. INTRODUCTION 6 2. LIST OF COMPONENTS 7 3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 8 4. INTERFACING AND WORKING 9 5. BASIC FUNCTION OF COMPONENTS 10 - 12 6. INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO UNO 13 - 14 7. INTRODUCTION TO HC-05 15 8. INTRODUCTION TO MICRO-CONTOLLER (ATMEGA328P) 16 - 17 9. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES 18 10. EXPENDITURE 19 11. CONCLUSION 20 12. REFERENCES 21
- 6. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 6 1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this project is to control the speed of ac as well as dc motor using microcontroller and bluetooth with android phone .this uses PWM and resistance control technique to control speed from 0% to 100% Android is the software stack for mobile devices that includes operating system middle way and key applications .Android boost a healthy array of connectivity options,includindg WIFI ,Bluetooth and wireless data over a cellular connections(GPRS ,EDGE and 3G) android provides access to void range of useful libraries and tools that can be used to build rich applications This project also uses pulse width modulation technique for controlling the speed of dc motor as per requirement according to the duty cycle it uses PWM pin of arduino for that purpose.Bluetooth module receives signal sent from android mobile hence as per our programming motor operates. Here we made two modes of operation: 1)manual and 2)wireless for better understanding the difference between wireless and manual operations,respectively.Manual operation control by voltage regulators used and fan speed control with five tap options.Similarly in same way same voltage selector switch is operated by wireless by selecting Wireless mode using android app i.e Bluetooth Controller. Respective relays are used for both ac as well as dc motor to control the speed of motor means we can select speed by either using the selector switch or by Bluetooth applications,Respectively
- 7. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 7 2.LIST OF COMPONENTS SR. NO. IDENTIFICATION VALUE COMPONENT 1. R1 10 K *10 RESISTOR 2. R2 30 K * 5 RESISTOR 3. R3 20 K *3 RESISTOR 4. HC-05 3.3V BLUETOOTH MODULE 5. ULN02003APG 12V DRIVER IC 6. RL1,RL2,RL3,RL4,RL5 12V,10A RELAY 7. T1,T2 BC5473 TRANSISTOR 8. L1,L2,L3,L4,L5,L6,L7 1.5V,1W LED(BLUE,RED,GREEN) 9. UNO 12V I/P ARDUINO 10. ATMEGA328P 28PIN MICROCONTROLLER 11. FR1 230V,228ohm FAN REGULATOR 12. M1 300RPM DC MOTOR 13. SUPPLY 12V DC DC ADAPTER
- 8. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 8 3.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FIG NO.1 WIRELESS SPEED CONTROL OF AC/DC MOTOR
- 9. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 9 4.WORKING FIG 2. MODEL SHOWING INTERFACING When supply is ON the arduino start working and as per programme saved in the controller initially manual mode is selected.then connect the bluetooh with HC-05 and give the instructions such as mode selection and speed selector.According to it mode and speed will be changed .Here we can use PWM as well as fan regulator to control the same speed of both the motors,respectively.means the both modes can be used to control speed of both motors .As per the selection respective relays switch on and speed will changes,Respectively.red light for manual mode and blue for wireless mode.
- 10. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 10 1. BASIC FUNCTIONS OF MAIN COMPONENTS COMPONENT DESCRIPTION BC 5473 (Transistor) BC 548 is general purpose NPN bipolar junction transistor. It is PNP epitaxial silicon transistor that originated with the metal based BC108 family of transistor used for selecting modes. Features: High breakdown voltage Current gain between 110 to 800Ma RESISTOR The electrical resistor is a element that opposes the flow of current. It is a passive two terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as circuit element. The current through the resistor is directly proportional to the voltage across the resistors’s terminals. It limits the current flow through the circuit. LED A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two lead semiconductor light source that resembles a pn junction diode, expect that an LED emits light. When an LED’s anode lead by at least the LED’s forward voltage drop, current flows. Electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is known as electroluminescence, and the colour of the light is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor.
- 11. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 11 DIODE Protect circuits by limiting the voltage (clipping and clamping) turn AC into DC (voltage rectifier)voltage multipliers (e.g. double input voltage) non-linear mixing of two voltages. RELAY Switching devices in most of the control processes or equipment regardless of whether they are electronic or electromechanical. All the relays respond to one or more electrical quantities like voltage or current such that they open or close the contacts or circuits. A relay is a switching device as it works to isolate or change the state of an electric circuit from one state to another. IC 1. IC1 ULN2003 A The ULx200 xcAhi pd (eUviLcNes2 0a0r3e Ah)i:g h-voltage, high-current Darlington transistor arrays. Each consists of seven NPN Darlington pairs that feature high-voltage outputs with common-cathode clamp diodes for switching inductive loads. 2. IC2 AT328P Its is a controller ic from 8051 family made by ATMEL company having 28 pins for various purposes such as PWM,digital o/p ,analog o/p,etc ARDUINO The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
- 12. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 12 HC-05 This technology designed to "connect" an array of devices including mobile phones, PCs and PDAs. In our project we are using HC – 06 Bluetooth module. In our project Bluetooth module is used in the motor drive circuit to connect with Android mobile phone by the help of Android application.
- 13. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 13 6.INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO (UNO) FIG NO. 3(Arduino UNO) The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. "Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference versions of Arduno, moving forward. The Uno is the latest in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform; for a comparison with previous versions. SPECIFICATIONS : Microcontroller ATmega328 Operating Voltage 5V Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
- 14. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 14 SPECIFICATIONS (CONTD.) : Analog Input Pins 6 DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA Flash Memory 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader SRAM 2 KB EEPROM 1 KB Clock Speed 16 MHz INPUT/OUTPUT : 1) Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. TThese pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip . 2) External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details. 3)PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function. 4) SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication, which, although provided by the underlying hardware, is not currently included in the Arduino language. 5) LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off. MEMORY : The Atmega328 has 32 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 0,5 KB is used for the bootloader); It has also 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM library).
- 15. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 15 7.INTRODUCTION TO HC-05 FIG.4 BLUETOOTH MODULE This technology designed to "connect" an array of devices including mobile phones, PCs and PDAs. In our project we are using HC – 06 Bluetooth module.In our project Bluetooth module is used in the motor drive circuit to connect with Android mobile phone by the help of Android application. SPECIFICATIONS : Bluetooth number: JY-MCU-HC-06, surface mount with integrated antenna. Operating Voltage: 5 volt, reduced to 3.3 volts, @ 8mA. Default baud rate: 9600 bps. HC-05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup. Serial port Bluetooth module is fully qualified Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete 2.4GHz radio transceiver and baseband. It uses CSR Bluecore 04-External single chip Bluetooth system with CMOS technology and with AFH(Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature). It has the footprint as small as 12.7mmx27mm. Hope it will simplify your overall design/development cycle.
- 16. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 16 8.INTRODUCTION TO MICRO-CONTROLLER FIG.5 PIN CONFIGURATION The Atmel® picoPower® ATmega328/P is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR® enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega328/P achieves throughputs close to 1MIPS per MHz. This empowers system designer to optimize the device for power consumption versus processing speed.
- 17. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 17 SPECIFICATIONS : Pin Count 28/32 Flash (Bytes) 32K SRAM (Bytes) 2K EEPROM (Bytes) 1K Interrupt Vector Size (instruction word/vector) 1/1/2 General Purpose I/O Lines 23 SPI 2 TWI (I2C) 1 USART 1 ADC 10-bit 15kSPS ADC Channels 8 8-bit Timer/Counters 2 16-bit Timer/Counters 1 PORT NO.3 (PIN AO –A5) : Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The PC[5:0] output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. PIN NO. 3,5,6,9,10,11 use for pulse width modulation speed control The Atmel AVR® core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in a single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers.
- 18. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 18 9.ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS Wireless control with Bluetooth Mobile control using Android APK Low cost and reliable circuit Work within 20 metre Fast response AND efficient System can be switched into manual mode whenever required Low power consumption. DISADVANTAGES Interfacing resistance and relays to Micro Controller is highly sensitive. Sensitive to high voltage devices. Bluetooth wireless communication supports only for limited distance.
- 19. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 19 10.CONCLUSION Here,we conclude that WIRELESS operation is reliable ,efficient and fast..It can be operated using Android ,WI-FI,DTMF control from any place you want ,no need to handle that motor personally.Sometimes it is impossible to handle motor located at complicated position where manual operations is quite impossible.we can operated the motor as per our requirement just by making the programme according to requirement. Dc motors are finding various applications one technique is more suitable & economic with less power loss & more efficiency improves efficiency up to 80% by reducing losses and using PWM such as Switching losses,heat is reduced with increased efficiency.
- 20. DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE Page 20 12.REFERENCES Speed control of AC/DC motor –ASHFAQ HUSAIN Arduino UNO guide www.arduino-uno.com “Speed control of single phase induction motor using AC chopper by asymmetrical PWM method” from IJAREEIE “Speed control of single phase AC inductionmotor using microcontroller” from IJERA www.electricalengineeringportal.com www.8051projects.com