Wisp T38 Sudan
- 1. Wisp Project 2009T38SUDANJun JieShu Xian Yue Yang Liu ChinBenjamin Teo
- 2. ContentsOverview of Sudan, Darfur 2003- Instances of discrimination and prejudice- Factors triggered the conflict- Elements that led to the social fracture in DarfurSingapore Perspective- Similarities and differences - Singapore 2009 and 2061Problems and Challenges for 2061
- 3. Ethnicity of Sudan 2003Northern Sudan: ArabsMinority are nomadic Arabs (mainly in North Darfur)Southern Sudan: non-Arabs and AfricansVast majority are Africans who are Intentionally marginalizedHistoryIndependence of SudanPower was directly distribute to northernArab elites
- 4. Triggered a frustration in the South.
- 5. Sudan becomes more “Arabized”Before 2003Nomadic Arabs attempted to occupy conventional Fur landsForces in SudanOpposition Armed GroupsNon-Arabs and Africans tribes
- 6. Sudan Liberation Army (SLA)
- 7. Justice and Equality Movement (JEM)Government of Sudan’s reactionArmed militias known as Janjaweed
- 8. Recruited Darfur’s landless Arab tribesTimeline of Darfur 200325 April 2003SLA and JEM attacked Sudan’s government air base in North Darfur
- 9. Seized a large amount of ammunition and weaponsInstances of discrimination and prejudice in Darfur-According to Agence France-Presse, “that a decades-long civil war in Sudan has led to ‘growing and persistent reports of enslavement of Africans by Arabs, genocide in the Nuba Mountains area, and ethnic cleansing in the Blue Nile area” (AFP, August 30, 2001).-The release of the paper, by the UN Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) and entitled "Race, discrimination, slavery and citizenship in the Afro-Arab borderlands", was timed to coincide with the UN conference on racism starting Friday in Durban, South Africa.
- 10. Factors which triggered the ethnic conflictReligion.
- 11. Race.Factors which triggered the ethnic conflict - cont’dGeographical Features.
- 12. Historical and Ethnographic Factors.What happens when governments involve in the racial problemsThe massive killing of the people in Darfur.
- 13. Indirectly acceleration of conflict.
- 14. Global society intervention. Elements that led to the fracture of DarfurSocial inequalityPrejudices leading to discriminationOther important social, economic, environmental and political factors.
- 15. Elements that led to the social fracture in Darfur - Social inequalityNorthern Sudan Arabs monopolize the resources in SudanElements that led to the social fracture in Darfur -Prejudices leading to discriminationGovernment supported prejudiced led to extreme discrimination
- 16. Different languages and had different lifestyle.Elements that led to the social fracture in Darfur - Other important factorsEconomic
- 17. China -Play a role as a businessman for oilEnvironmental - Natural resources distribution
- 18. Elements that led to the social fracture in Darfur - Other important factors cont’dPolitical factors. China -Essence(oil), weapon, ideology (a form of neo-colonism)
- 19. Elements that led to the social fracture in Darfur - Other important factors cont’dPolitical factors.USA -Essence(oil), weapon, ideologyRegime interference Neo- colonism
- 20. Let’s CompareSimilaritiesEthnic Differences: 4 Main Races & More than 10 Religion Conflicts: Man- Made Disasters
- 21. GAPSGood Governance Good living conditions
- 22. Mutual RespectIn Focus Ethnic residential quotas in HDB blocks
- 23. Killing two birds with a stoneFuture SingaporeConversation of Nationality increasedSimilar Prejudice & Discrimination which give Rise to Social Divisions in SingaporeMasSelamat Issue Conflict was intense
- 24. Muslim being prejudice
- 25. Received unnecessary stares; hurtWhat Will Happen in 2061 in Singapore?Distrust Among PeopleSocial disordersGovernment loses it’s citizenTourism Industry Affected; Economy Crisis
- 26. SolutionsUnited Nation (UN)Seek help on recommend methods to disputes.
- 27. Peace keeping forces.Neighboring CountriesLend a helping hand in times of need.Their experience on how the problem can be solved
- 28. CurfewsNo late nights.Certain timing of the day everyone should stay home.
- 29. SetbacksThe United Nations(UN) is slow in taking action.Surrounded by Muslim Neighboring countries.
- 30. Self-esteem hypothesis Contact hypothesisAlternatives Legal hypothesisSelf-esteem HypothesisWith proper education, we can differentiate right from wrong.Higher confidence level, lesser prejudices.
- 31. Contact HypothesisBringing people of different races together, to share about their experience, to interact. Learn how to appreciate each other benefits and misfortunes.
- 32. Legal HypothesisBy enforcing legal actions against those who discriminates.
- 33. ConclusionNobody is PerfectPlay our Part, be it big or Small.The world would be a better placeHappy 44th Birthday Singapore
- 34. ReferencesCliffsNotes.com. Prejudice and Discrimination. 13 Jul 2009 from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/topicArticleId-26957,articleId-26886.htmlDetroit Gale. (2009). Darfur. Global Issues in Context Online Collection. Retrieved 18 June 2009 from http://find.galegroup.com/gic/docRetrieve.do?inPS=true&searchPageType=BasicSearchForm&prodId=GIC&docId=CP3208520033&userGroupName=ngeeannGenocide in Sudan. (2008). Encyclopedia of Race and Racism. (Vol.2). Retrieved on July 11, 2009 from Global Issues in Context Perspective on International News and Events. KishoreMahbubani. (2009). Can Singapore fail? The straits Time. Retrieved 15 June 2009 from http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Asian%2BOpinions/Story/A1Story20090325-130978.html
- 35. The End
Editor's Notes
- #22: We have to bear in mind the importance of racial harmony! Without it, a nation can crumble and fall.
- #23: Neighboring countriesCurfews
- #26: JI’s intention is to create a DaulahIslamiyah within Southeast Asia.
- #27: 3)Appropriate education and higher self-esteem, their prejudices will go away4)Bring together members of different groups to appreciate common experiences and backgrounds.5)Enforcing law against discriminative behavior.Words is a powerful tool. We have to ensure that we use the right and proper words.