(WORKSTUDY AND ERGONOMICS) Lecture 3
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The document outlines a systematic approach to method improvement through critical examination, questioning, and developing better methods. Key steps include defining new methods, gaining necessary approvals, and preparing detailed reports and instructions for implementation. Ongoing maintenance and review of the new methods are essential to ensure compliance and address any emerging issues.
(WORKSTUDY AND ERGONOMICS) Lecture 3
- 1. 3. Examine Critical examination is done by questioning technique. This step comes after the method is recorded by suitable charts and diagrams. The individual activity is examined by putting a number of questions. The following factors are questioned:
- 2. 1.Purpose – To eliminate the activity, if possible. 2. Place – To combine or re-arrange the activities. 3. Sequence – -do- 4. Person – -do- 5. Means – To simplify the activity.
- 3. The following sequence of questions is used: 1. Purpose – What is actually done? Why is it done? What else could be done? What should be done?
- 4. 2. Place – Where is it being done? Why is it done there? Where else could it be done? Where should it be done?
- 5. 3. Sequence – When is it done? Why is it done then? When could it be done? When should it be done?
- 6. 4. Person – Who is doing it? Why does that person do it? Who else could do it? Who should do it?
- 7. 5. Means – How is it done? Why is it done that way? How else could it be done? How should it be done?
- 8. By doing this questioning ➢Unwanted activities can be eliminated ➢Number of activities can be combined or re- arranged ➢Method can be simplified. All these will reduce production time.
- 9. 4. Develop The answer to the questions given below will result in the development of a better method. 1. Purpose – What should be done? 2. Place – Where should it be done? 3. Sequence – When should it be done? 4. Person – Who should do it? 5. Means – How should it be done?
- 10. 5. Define Once a complete study of a job has been made and a new method is developed, it is necessary to obtain the approval of the management before installing it. The work study man should prepare a report giving details of the existing and proposed methods. He should give his reasons for the changes suggested.
- 11. The report should show (a) Brief description of the old method. (b) Brief description of the new method. (c) Reasons for change. (d) Advantages and limitations of the new method. (e) Savings expected in material, labour and overheads. (f) Tools and equipment required for the new method. (g) The cost of installing the new method including.
- 12. (g) The cost of installing the new method including. 1. Cost of new tools and equipment. 2. Cost of re-layout of the shop. 3. Cost of training the workers in the new method. 4. Cost of improving the working conditions.
- 13. Written standard practice: Before installing the new method, an operator‘s instructions sheet called written standard practice is prepared. It serves the following purposes:
- 14. 1. It records the improved method for future reference in as much detail as may be necessary. 2. It is used to explain the new method to the management foreman and operators. 3. It gives the details of changes required in the layout of machine and work places.
- 15. 4. It is used as an aid to training or retraining operators. 5. It forms the basis for time studies.
- 16. The written standard practice will contain the following information: (a) Tools and equipment to be used in the new method. (b) General operating conditions. (c) Description of the new method in detail. (d) Diagram of the workplace layout and sketches of special tools, jigs or fixtures required.
- 17. 6. Install This step is the most difficult stage in method study. Here the active support of both management and trade union is required. Here the work study man requires skill in getting along with other people and winning their trust.
- 18. Install stage consists of (a) Gaining acceptance of the change by supervisor. (b) Getting approval of management. (c) Gaining the acceptance of change by workers and trade unions. (d) Giving training to operators in the new method. (e) To be in close contact with the progress of the job until it is satisfactorily executed.
- 19. 7. Maintain The work study man must see that the new method introduced is followed. The workers after some time may slip back to the old methods. This should not be allowed. The new method may have defects. There may be difficulties also.
- 20. This should be rectified in time by the work study man. Periodical review is made. The reactions and suggestions from workers and supervisors are noted. This may lead to further improvement. The differences between the new written standard practice and the actual practice are found out.
- 21. Reasons for variations are analysed. Changes due to valid reasons are accepted. The instructions are suitably modified.